A CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
FOR MAINE 2004
A Report to the
“Politics of Climate Change” seminar,
Colby College
Malcolm Burson, Office of Policy Services,
Maine DEP
April 11, 2005
Greenhouse Gases
New England Governors’ / Eastern
Canadian Premiers’ Action Plan
Adopted 8/2001 by Governor King
Reaffirmed under Governor Baldacci
Reduce GHG emissions
• 1990 levels by 2010
• 10% below 1990 levels by 2020
• In the long term, reduction sufficient to
eliminate any dangerous threat to the climate.
To accomplish this goal, reduction to 75% to 80%
below 2003 levels may be required.
April 11, 2005
Maine GHG Emissions Baseline
and Target
Figure 1: Emissions Baseline and Target
35,000
30,000
25,000
K MTCO2E
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
Baseline Emissions Target Emissions Level
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
April 11, 2005
2000 GHG Emissions (NESCAUM):
Maine Sources
Industrial Process Agriculture
Waste
2% 2% Transportation
3%
Commercial FFC
6%
LUCF (Land Use Change)
Transportation
31%
Industrial FFC Electric Utilities FFC
8%
Residential FFC
Industrial FFC
Residential FFC
13%
Commercial FFC
Waste
Industrial Process
Electric Utilities FFC LUCF (Land Use Agriculture
15% Change)
20%
April 11, 2005
Maine LD 845: PL 2003
Chapter 237
Sponsored by Representative Koffman - Bar Harbor
Signed 5/21/2003 by the Governor Baldacci
Emission Inventory for State owned facilities and
funded programs
Voluntary Carbon emission reduction agreements
• 50 Business and/or nonprofit organizations, by
1/1/2006
New England greenhouse gas registry
• Participate in a regional GHG registry, with 3rd-
party verification
• Currently a regional effort at NESCAUM
April 11, 2005
Maine LD 845: PL 2003
Chapter 237
Requirements (cont.)
Statewide Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Climate Action Plan
• Department will adopt a plan by 7/1/2004
– Extension until 10/15/2004
– The action plan must address reduction in
each sector in cost-effective ways and must
allow sustainably managed forestry,
agricultural and other natural resources
activities
April 11, 2005
GHG Action Plan Process
Stakeholder Advisory Group (SAG)
• Convened by Gov. Baldacci in November,
2003
• Government agencies
• Private interest groups
• Non-profit advocacy groups
SAG convened to assist DEP
• Recommend actions and strategies
• Role is advisory only
April 11, 2005
GHG Action Plan Process
Workgroups
• Buildings, Facilities and Manufacturing
• Agriculture and Forestry
• Transportation and Land Use
• Energy and Solid Waste
• Education and Public Awareness
• Facilitators
• External Science/Economic Advisory Panel
• Technical staff (DEP, CCAP and others)
Analyze GHG mitigation strategies and policies
April 11, 2005
Recommended Options: Top 10
1 Offset Requirements 365.0 1022.0 10 ESW 1.12
2 Implement Tailpipe GHG Emissions Standards 137.5 933.6 -48 TLU 1.1a
3 Regional Cap and Trade 376.0 755.0 -90 ESW 1.9b
4 Clean Diesel/Black Carbon 383.8 740.0 14 TLU 8.1
5 Renewable System Benefit Charge 334.0 689.0 30 ESW 1.2
6 Set a Low GHG Fuel Standard 63.5 639.5 34 TLU 3.1
7 Emission Standards 484.0 609.0 23 ESW 1.10
8 Biomass Generation: Existing Units 574.0 574.0 15 ESW 1.5a
9 Landfill Gas Management: Energy Production 210.0 550.0 NE ESW 2.1a
10 Increased Stocking With Faster Growing Trees 531.7 531.7 1 F 2.0 (A 8.0)
April 11, 2005
Projected Results if All
Options Implemented
Figure 2: Emissions Baseline and Target without Black Carbon
35,000
30,000
25,000
K MTCO2E
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
Baseline Emissions Recommended Options Target Emissions Level
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
April 11, 2005
Key Options: Electricity and
Solid Waste
Regional GHG Cap and Trade (RGGI)
Renewable System Benefit Charge
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Biomass Generation
Landfill Gas Management
April 11, 2005
Key Options: Energy
Demand
Cluster of Energy Efficiency
Measures
Many already underway, managed by
PUC
Appliance and Building Standards
Residential Home Heating
Action in Manufacturing, Commercial,
Institutional, Residential areas
April 11, 2005
Key Options: Transportation
and Land Use
Automobile Tailpipe (ZEV; Pavley)
Clean Diesel and Black Carbon
Fuel Standards
Lowering VMT, including measures to
address sprawl, land use
State Fleets: legislation in current
session April 11, 2005
Key Options: Forestry
Area of Greatest Innovation: Maine
is first to figure this out
Sequestration of Carbon
Forestland Protection
Five Forest Management Options
Continuing Debate on the “Carbon
Neutrality” Issue
April 11, 2005
Key Options: Agriculture
Smaller Expected Gains than in Other
Areas
Part of the Larger Picture, and
Attractive to the Public
Would Support, for example, Organic
and Local Farming
April 11, 2005
Carbon Saved / Cost
> 200 KMT Carbon saved 0)
more than (0 - 1) 50: Reduce HFC refrigeration leaks [BFM 5.10] (1)
$0 and less than 10: Increased stocking fast growth [F 2.0] (1) 27: Landfill methane flaring [ESW 2.1b] (2)
$20 per ton 20: Timber Harvesting [F 7.0] (3.5) 25: Expand wood products use [F 6.0] (3)
4: Clean diesel [TLU 8.1] (6-14) 28: Softwood increase [F 4.0] (3)
1: Offset requirements [ESW 1.12] (10) 43: Waste to energy [ESW 2.2] (9 )
11: RPS [ESW 1.1] (10) 24: State fleet low GHG fuel [TLU 3.2] (10)
8, 18: Bio-mass re-start, subsidy [ESW 1.5a] (15) 44: Agricultural land protectoin (13)
38: Solar hot water heater [BFM 5.7] (16)
Options 39: Soil carbon buildup [A 2.0] (28)
costing 7: Emissions standards [ESW 1.10] (23) 51: Organic farming [A 3.0] (28)
more than 5: System Benefit Charge [ESW 1.2] (30) 34: State green power purchase [ESW 1.3] (28)
$20 per ton 6: Low GHG fuel [TLU 3.1] (34) 52: Promote Maine bio-diesel [A 1.0] (40)
53: Low GHG fuel infrastructure (1482)
Number in ( ) is estimated $ per tonne of saved carbon
April 11, 2005
Co-Benefits
Reduce Other Air Emissions: Economic Development, including new Consumer, Business, Institutional, and/or
multiple benefits, technologies, new markets for existing Municipal Savings
especially human health products, increase value of resources,
etc.
2: Tailpipe GHG standards 1: Offset requirements 2: Tailpipe GHG standards
3: Regional cap & trade 5: Renewable SBC 12: Energy efficiency measures
4: Clean Diesel 6: Low GHG fuel standard 15: Recycling/ source reduction
6: Low GHG fuel standard 8: Biomass generation 19: Electrical efficiency of commercial
7: Emission standards 10: Forest stocking increase buildings
13: Pay as you drive insurance 11: Renewable portfolio 22: Mfg. Electrical efficiency
17: Slowing VMT growth 16: Early forest thinning 26: Appliance standards
32: ZEV standards 20: Light forest harvest 30: Residential building codes
41: Freight anti-idling 21: Biomass feedstocks 35: Efficient home heat
46: GHG vehicle feebates 23: Fossil fuel efficiency 37: Commercial codes
53: Low GHG fuel infrastructure 25: Wood products use 40: Green campus
28: Active softwood incr. 41: Freight anti-idling
38: Solar water rebate 42: Green buildings
42: Green building standards 45: State buildings
52: Bio-diesel 47: Concrete with slag
48: Energy efficient buildings
49: Cement standards
50: Reduce HFC leaks
April 11, 2005
Co-Benefits cont’
Energy Security Other
1: Offset requirements 9: Landfill methane: avoided landfill site odors
5: Renewable SBC 14: Forestland protection: habitat protection, sprawl reduction
11: Renewable portfolio standard 20: Regular light harvest: improved forest health
17: Slowing VMT growth 21: Biomass feedstocks
29: Electrical Efficiency invest. 33: Locally grown produce
34: Green power purchase 44: Agricultural land protection
52: Bio-diesel 51: Organic farming
April 11, 2005
Implementation
Legislation Executive Order Rule Voluntary Action[1]
1, Offset Req. 24, Low GHG fuel, state 2, Tailpipe GHG[2] 9, 27 Landfill CH4
6, Low GHG fuel fleets 7, Emission Standard 10, Forest Stocking
8, Biomass subsidy 34, State green power 9, 27 Landfill CH4 13, PAYD Insurance
11, RPS purchase 32, ZEV 16, Early Comm. Thin
26, Appliance standards 45, State buildings energy 36, CHP incentives 20, Forest Harvest
30, Residential building savings 49, Cement standards 28, Softwood increase
codes 47, Concrete procurement 31, Partnerships and
37, Comm. energy codes recognition programs
38, Solar water heat rebate 39, Soil carbon
46, GHG feebates 41, Anti-idling
42, Green building design
43, Waste to energy
48, Energy efficient buildings
50, HFC leaks
April 11, 2005
Implementation cont’
Regional or Federal Multi-part[1] Enhance Existing
Participation Program
2, Tailpipe GHG 4, Diesel/Carbon 19, Commercial / Institutional Energy
3, Cap and Trade 5, SBC Efficiency
6, Low GHG fuels 14, Forest Protection 29, Increase Electricity Efficiency
24, Low GHG state fleet fuels 15, Recycling Measures
46, Feebates 17, Slow VMT growth 35, Home heating
49, Cement standards 21, Biomass stocks 40, Green campus
22, Manufacturing Energy Effic. 54, Nutrient management
23, Fossil Fuel Efficiency 55, Solar PV
25, Wood products
33, Local produce
44, Farmland protection
51, Organic farming
52, Bio-diesel
53, Fuel infrastructure
April 11, 2005
Next Steps
Delivered by Governor to NRC 12/04
Briefing Committees (NRC, UTE, ACF,
Transportation) 2/05
Request for committee members to
advise on a regular basis
Filing testimony / information on 30+
current bills
No specific DEP bills this session,
except LEV/ZEV major substantive
April 11, 2005
Next Steps
SAG review, January 05
Implementation sub-groups for major
electricity, energy efficiency, forestry
DEP to convene additional groups for
transportation (with DOT)
Education / Public Awareness Group
Continuing regional / international
work with NEG/ ECP, The Climate
Group
April 11, 2005
Voluntary Agreements
Required by original legislation
50 agreements needed by 1/06
Program underway
Everything from small (churches,
e.g.,) to large businesses and
organizations
April 11, 2005