AIX, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris의 특징 및 명령어 비교표
유닉스 시스템 관리를 위한 유용한 사
Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD
Root filesystem / {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a}
F /home {/dev/hd1}
/tmp {/dev/hd3}
/usr
/usr {/dev/hd2} {/dev/ad0s1f}
/var
/var {/dev/hd9var} {/dev/ad0s1e}
Sample configuration files -
User Accounts AIX FreeBSD
/etc/passwd /etc/passwd
Password files /etc/security/passwd /etc/master.passwd
/etc/group
Groups file /etc/security/group /etc/group
Maximum # of user ID 4294967295 65535
/etc/security/user /etc/ttys
Allow/Deny remote login {rlogin=true} {secure}
User nobody's id # 4294967294 65534
Group nobody's id # 4294967294 65534
boot from CD/Tape ok boot -s
Installation/Maintenance passwd root
Start Limited Shell
getrootfs hdisk0
vi /etc/security/passwd
Recover root password
Create new user mkuser adduser
Delete user rmuser rmuser
List users lsuser -f ALL
Modify user account chuser -a
General Commands AIX FreeBSD
Unique host ID hostid
Administrator smit
top
Performance monitor monitor top
System activity reporter sar sa
Virtual Memory statistics vmstat vmstat
I/O statistics iostat iostat
alog -o -t boot
Error logs errpt dmesg
Physical RAM 1TB
Shared Memory 2.75GB
Process Data Space 2GB
Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b
Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap
Display swap size lsps -a swapinfo
Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a
Printers AIX FreeBSD
Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print
Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd
Start LP startsrc -s lpd lpd
enq
lp
lpr
Submit print jobs qprt lp
enq -A
lpq
lpstat
LP statistics qchk lpq
cancel cancel
lprm lprm
qcan
Remove print jobs enq -x
Add printer queue smit mkpq
Remove Printer queue smit rmpq
Make default printer export LPDEST="pq"
TCP/IP AIX
Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts
Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf
Network parameters no -a sysctl
Routing daemon gated routed
ifconfig -a
mktcpip
NIC Configurations smitty tcpip ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP
HERALD @
Login prompt /etc/security/login.cfg
odmget -q
"attribute=num and
uniquetype=pty/pty/pty"
PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-
512/" |
odmchange -q
"attribute=num and
uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -
o PdAt
chdev -l pty0 -anum=256
-P
reboot
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals
Maximum # of ptys 512
remsh
Remote Shell rsh rsh
YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind
System Files AIX FreeBSD
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab
Max File System 128 GB
Max File Size 64 GB
Max # File Descriptors 64 K
DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD
Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab
Free disk blocks df -k df -k
Device listing lsdev -C
Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0
Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0
LVM Concepts Partition sub disk
Volume Volume
Plex
Volume group
Journal Filesystem type jfs
Default volume group /dev/rootvg
Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg
Modify physical volume chpv
Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#
List physical volume lspv vinum ld
Remove disk from volume group reducevg
Move logical volumes to another vinum move -f
physical volumes migratepv drive object
Create volume group mkvg
Remove volume group
chvg
varyonvg
Volume group availability varyoffvg
Restore volume group
Exports volume group exportvg
Imports volume group importvg
Volume group listing lsvg
Change logical volume characteristics chlv
List logical volume lslv vinum lv
Make logical volume mklv
Extend logical volume extendlv
Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV
Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol
Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal
Remove boot volumes
Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt
Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy
Merge mirrors
Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive
Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2
Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive
System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0
savevg -i rootvg
Backup mksysb vinum saveconfig
Restore restvg
MISC AIX FreeBSD
Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc
Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel
Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a
cd /sys/i386/conf
vi KERNEL
config KERNEL
cd
../../compile/KERN
EL
make depend
make
make install
Reconfigure the kernel chdev -l sys0 -a
List modules genkex kldstat
Load module kldload
Unload module kldunload
Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall
sysctl
Physical RAM bootinfo -r hw.physmem
Kernel Bits bootinfo -K
Crash utility crash crash
Trace System Calls syscalls truss
uname -m
Machine model bootinfo -m uname -m
OS Level oslevel uname -r
Run Level who -r
Core dump files /var/adm/ras
Key on service mode/F4
Boot from CD/Tape
Select Maintenance
Limited function Shell
Boot single user ok boot -s
Maintenance mode ok boot -as
Interrupt Key
Return to console
/etc/environment
Timezone Management /etc/profile /etc/localtime
/etc/rc.conf
{xntpd_enable="YE
/etc/ntp.conf S"}
NTP Daemon startsrc -s xntpd /etc/rc.network
Software AIX
Install Software installp -a pkg_add
Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete
List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a
Verify installed software lppchk -v pkg_info -L
List all files lslpp -f fileset package
List installed patches instfix -i
Package owner lslpp -w path
SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg
Devices AIX FreeBSD
Devices /dev /dev
Install devices for attached peripherals cfgmgr -v /dev/MAKEDEV
Remove device rmdev -l
Device drivers lscfg
CPU lsdev -Cc processor sysctl hw.model
List Terminal lsdev -Cc tty
Diagnostics diag pciconf -l
Whole Disk /dev/hdisk# /dev/ad0s1c
CDROM /dev/cd0 /dev/acd0c
CDROM file type cdrfs cd9660
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0 /dev/rwt0d
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0.1 /dev/nrwt0d
Floppy drive /dev/rfd0 /dev/fd0
Links AIX FreeBSD
FAQ AIX-FAQ FreeBSD FAQ
FreeBSD Hand
Online Manual AIX 4.3 Books Book
RS/6000
Technical Support TechSupport
Phone Number 1-800-CALL-AIX
FreeBSD
Free Software Bull Primary Site
Certification www.ibm.com
Get Kernel Info instfix -i |grep ML
oslevel -r
http://www-
912.ibm.com/eserver/sup
Latest Kernel Info port/fixes/fcgui.jsp
X, Linux, Solaris의 특징 및 명령어 비교표
유닉스 시스템 관리를 위한 유용한 사이트 : http://www.unixguide.net 2004.03
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) / SOLARIS Tru64
/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1} / {/dev/sda1} {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a}
/export/home
/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4} /dev/vx/dsk/home}
/tmp
/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6} /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7} /usr /usr {/dev/rz0g}
/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8} /var
/usr/newconfig
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
/etc/passwd /etc/passwd /etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/shadow /etc/shadow /etc/passwd
/etc/group
/etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group /etc/group
2147483647 65535 2147483647 65535
/etc/securetty /etc/securetty /etc/default/login /etc/securettys
{CONSOLE=/dev/con
{console} {ttyp1} sole} {ttyp1}
60001 &
-2 99 65534(nobody4) 65534
60002 &
-2(nogroup) 99 65534(nogroup) 65534
press the HALT Button or
>boot {lilo} boot cdrom -s (Control-P)
Interact with IPL ? Y control-x mkdir /tmp/a >>>boot -fl s
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0
ISL>hpux -iS linux S /tmp/a lsmbstartup
passwd root passwd root vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow /sbin/bcheckrc
passwd root
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-
13 single
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot
passwd root
useradd useradd useradd useradd
userdel userdel userdel userdel
logins logins
usermod usermod usermod usermod
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
uname -i hostid hostid hostid
sam linuxconf admintool sysman
top
glance top top top
sar sar {sysstat} sar /usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar
vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat
iostat iostat {sysstat} iostat iostat
dmesg dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full
4TB 64 GB {>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB
8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax
4GB 900 MB
/dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b
swap partition type 82 swap raw
swapinfo -a free swap -l swapon -s
swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a
HP-UX LINUX Solaris Tru64
/etc/lp/interface/* /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd
lpshut /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /sbin/init.d/lpd stop
lpsched /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /sbin/init.d/lpd start
lp lp
lpr lpr
lp lpr
lpstat lpq lpstat lpstat
cancel cancel
lprm lprm
cancel lprm
lpadmin -p pq printtool lpadmin -p pq lprsetup
lpadmin -x pq lpadmin -x pq lprsetup
lpadmin -d pq lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER="lp"
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
/etc/hostname.*
/etc/sysconfig/network- /etc/inet/*
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf scripts/ /etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config
/etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf
ndd -h sysctl -a | grep net ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
gated routed in.routed routed
lanscan -v ifconfig -a ifconfig -a ifconfig -a
modprobe ip_alias
ifconfig lan0:1 IP ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias
BANNER @
telnetd -b /etc/issue /etc/issue /etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue
rebuild your kernel with
these new values NPTY=# cd /dev {/etc/system} cd /dev
set pt_cnt = #
NSTRPY=# ./MAKEDEV -v pty {SYSV} ./MAKEDEV PTY_1
set npty = # {BSD}
reboot
{/etc/iu.ap}
ptsl 0 # ldterm
insf -d ptys -n # ttcompat
insf -d ptym -n #
insf -d pts -s # -e -v halt
boot -r
176 {BSD}
{MAXUSERS} 256 3000 {SYSV} 8192
remsh rsh rsh rsh
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbi
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /sbin/ypbind nd /usr/sbin/ypbind
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
/etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports
/etc/xtab /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab
1 TB 128 GB {= 4.0}
128 GB 2 TB 16 TB {advfs}
2 GB {512B block size} 1 TB 128 GB {= 4.0}
128 GB 16 TB {advfs}
60~ K HP-UX:Disk sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K
&Filesystem LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64
/etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab
bdf df -k df -k df -k
/sbin/ioscan cat /proc/devices sysdef
format -d c#t#d#
cat format>current
pvdisplay -v
diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d# /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c
/dev/dsk/C#t#d# fdisk -l prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0
logical extents logical extents sub disk sub disk
logical volume logical volume Volume Volume
Plex Plex
volume group volume group disk group disk group
ext3
vxfs reiserfs vxfs advfs
/dev/vg00 /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg /dev/vol/rootdg
vgdisplay -v vg00 vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg
pvchange pvchange
pvcreate pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd
pvdisplay pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl
vgreduce vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk
pvmove pvmove vxassist move volassist move
vgcreate vgcreate vxdg init voldg init
vgremove vgremove
vgchange vgchange
vgcfgrestore vgcfgrestore
vgexport vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport
vgimport vgimport vxdg import voldg import
vgscan vgscan
lvchange lvchange vxedit set voledit set
lvdisplay lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl
lvcreate lvcreate vxassist make volassist make
lvextend lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto
lvreduce lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto
lvremove lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
lvlnboot lilo vxbootsetup
lvrmboot
extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 resize2fs vxva
fsadm -F vxfs -b
{LE * 1024} /mt resize_reiserfs mkfs -M
lvsplit lvsplit
lvmerge lvmerge
volassist make vol 100mb
lvcreate -m 1 vxassist mirror mirror=true
lvextend -m 1
vxassist make vol volassist make vol 100mb
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recover lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 100mb layout=raid5 layout=stripe
y /usr/sys/bin/btcreate
fbackup
makerecovery tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump
frecover tar xvf /dev/rst0 ufsrestore vrestore
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64
/sbin/rc /etc/rc.d/rc /etc/init.d /sbin/init.d
/stand/vmunix /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix
sysdef sysconfig
kmtune dxkerneltuner
kmsystem sysctl -a sysdef -i
cd /stand/build cd /usr/src/linux vi /etc/system
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_pre
p -v -s system make mrproper reboot
vi system make menuconfig
mk_kernel -s system make dep
cd /stand make clean
mv system system.prev make bzImage
mv vmunix vmunix.prev make install
mv dlkm dlkm.prev make modules
mv /stand/build/system
system make modules_install
kmupdate
/stand/build/vmunix_test
cp
arch/i386/boot/bzImage
/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-
2.2.16.img 2.2.16
vi /etc/lilo.conf
lilo
doconfig
kmadmin -s lsmod modinfo
kmadmin -L insmod modload
kmadmin -U rmmod modunload
set_parms initial netconf sys-unconfig netsetup
grep -i Physical
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log free prtconf uerf | grep memory
getconf KERNEL_BITS getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64
adb lcrash crash kdbx
tusc strace truss trace
model
uname -m uname -m uname -imp uname -p
uname -r uname -r uname -r sizer -v
who -r runlevel who -r who -r
/var/adm/crash /var/crash/`uname -n`
>boot {lilo}
Interact with IPL ? Y control-x
ISL>hpux -iS linux S
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-
13 single
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot ok boot -s >>> boot -fl s
>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm ok boot -as
control-B Stop-A control-P
co ok go
/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/svid3_tz
/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/default/init timezone
rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons /etc/ntp.conf /etc/inet/ntp.conf YES
/sbin/init.d/xntpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/init.d/xntpd /sbin/init.d/xntpd
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64
swinstall rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l
swremove rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d
swlist rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i
pkginfo -i
swlist -l fileset -a state rpm -V package pkginfo -p setld -v
swlist -l file fileset rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package
swlist -l patch
what /stand/vmunix patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch
swlist -l file | grep path rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path
/var/adm/sw/ /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/smlogs
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64
/dev /dev /devices /dev
drvconfig scu scan edt
devlinks scsimgr -scan_all
disks
tapes
insf -e /dev/MAKEDEV ports
rmsf rem_drv
lsdev prtconf -D
psrinfo -v
ioscan -fnC processor cat /proc/cpuinfo psradm psrinfo -v
ioscan -fnC tty pmadm -l
/usr/platform/`uname -
lspci m`/
pnpdump sbin/prtdiag
ok test-all
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/su
stm nvts
/dev/dsk/c#t#d0 /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2 /dev/rz0c
/dev/dsk/c#t2d0 /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 /dev/rz3c
cdfs iso9660 hsfs cdfs
/dev/rmt/0m /dev/rst0 { c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rmt0
/dev/rmt/0mn /dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } /dev/rmt/0n /dev/nrmt0
- /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette /dev/fd0c
HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64
HP-UX FAQ LINUX FAQ Solaris 2 FAQ Tru64 FAQ
Linux Documentation Solaris 7
HP-UX 11.00 Collection Project Documentation Tru64 Documents
IT Resource Center Red Hat support SunSolve Alpha Systems Support
1-800-633-3600 1-888-REDHAT1 1-800-USA-4SUN
Tru64 Demos,
HP-UX Ports Linux Software Map Sun Freeware Shareware & Freeware
education.hp.com RHCE suned.sun.com ASE Information
swlist uname -a uname -a uname -a
/var/adm/patch/log#grep
uname -m KITNAME session.log
http://sunsolve.sun.co
m/pub-
http://www.software.hp.com/ cgi/show.pl?target=pa
SUPPORT_PLUS/index.html http://www.kernel.org tchpage