GWERS 4
CYFLWYNYDD: CENNARD DAVIES
NOD: Trafod y teulu ac aelodau'r teulu eto.
Geirfa
rhieni - parents tad(au) - father(s)
mam(au) (b) - mother(s) mab - son
merch(ed) (b) - girl(s), daughter(s) meibion - sons
chwaer (b) - sister brawd - brother
chwiorydd (b) - sisters brodyr - brothers
cyfnither(od) (b) - female cousins(s) cefnder(wyr) - male cousin(s)
modryb(edd) (b) - aunt ewythr(od) - uncle(s)
mam-gu - grandmother tad-cu - grandfather
nain GC - grandmother taid GC - grandfather
hen fam-gu/nain - great grandmother hen dad-cu/daid - great grandfather
wyres(au) - grandaughter(s) ùyr(ion) - grandson(s)
nith(od) - niece(s) nai (neiaint) - nephew(s)
wyrion - grandchildren ùyr(wyrion) - grandson(s)
tylwyth - family, clan wyrion - grandchildren
yng nghyfraith - in law doniol - amusing
RHAN 1
1. Sawl? - How many?
Always followed by the singular form of the noun.
Sawl brawd sy' ganddi hi ('da hi)?
- How many brothers has she got?
Sawl chwaer sy' 'da chi (gynnoch chi)? - Does dim un chwaer 'da fi.
- How many sisters do you have? - I don't have one sister.
Sawl ùyr oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
- How many grandsons did Tom have?
Sawl cyfnither oedd 'da hi (ganddi hi)?
- How many (female) cousins did she have?
2. Faint o...? - How many? or How much?
When followed by the plural form of the noun it means 'How many?'
Faint o blant sy' 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
- How many children do you have?
Faint o wyrion oedd 'da Tom (gan Tom)?
- How many grandsons did Tom have?
When followed by the singular form of the noun it means 'How much?'
Faint o fara oedd 'da ti (gynnot ti)?
- How much bread did you have?
Faint o siwgr wyt ti (ei) eisiau?
- How much sugar do you want?
3. Dysgwch:
gen i gynnon ni
gen ti gynnoch chi
gan Tom / Mair ganddyn nhw
ganddo fo/fe
ganddi hi
RHAN 2
1. Notice how all the following are followed by 'o' and a plural noun
llawer o - many / a lot of
nifer (fawr) o - a (large) number of
ychydig o - a little / a few
ychydig iawn o - very little / very few
un neu ddau /ddwy o - one or two
2. cyfarwydd ‰ - familiar with / acquainted with
Ydych chi'n gyfarwydd ‰ mab Tom?
- Are you acquainted withTom's son?
Ydy Gareth yn gyfarwydd ‰ Llundain?
- Is Gareth familiar with London?
Remember that '‰' is followed by an Aspirate Mutation
(expect with a person's name).
'Dw i ddim yn gyfarwydd ‰ chefnder Tom.
- I'm not familiar with Tom's cousin.
Remember also that '‰' becomes 'ag' in front of a vowel.
Doedd hi ddim yn gyfarwydd ag Aberd‰r.
- She wasn't familiar with Aberdare.
When used in front of a verb noun it conveys 'used to'
Ydy Bob yn gyfarwydd ‰ cherdded?
- Is Tom used to / familiar with walking?
RHAN 3
1. yn ™l - according to
Yr Efengyl yn ™l Matthew.
- The Gospel according to Matthew.
Yn ™l y Western Mail.....
- According to the Western Mail.....
Yn ™l y newyddion heddiw.......
- According tothe news today......
Yn ™l brawd Ann......
- According to Ann's brother.....
Yn ™l mab y dyn drws nesa'.....
- According to the son of the man next door....
2. newydd - just / recently
'newydd' takes the place of 'wedi' in past tense sentences and it is
never
possible to say 'newydd wedi'
Maen nhw wedi mynd. - They have gone.
Maen nhw newydd fynd. - They have just gone.
It causes a Soft Mutation.
Mae'r tr•n newydd ddod.
'Dw i newydd brynu ffrog newydd.
Rydyn ni newydd werthu'r tß.
Mae e newydd briodi.
Mae hi newydd farw.
3. unig - only / lonely
When 'unig' precedes a noun, it means 'only'
It causes a Soft Mutation.
Mae Jack yn unig blentyn.
- Jack's an only child.
Rwyt ti'n unig blentyn.
- You're an only child.
Mae hi'n unig ferch.
- She's an only daughter.
Yr unig reswm 'dw i yma ydy i siarad Cymraeg.
- The only reason I'm here is to speak Welsh.
Dyna'r unig ateb i'r broblem.
- That's the only answer to the problem.
Ni ydy'r unig rai sy'n dysgu Rwsieg.
- We are the only ones who are learning Russian.
When 'unig' follows the noun it means 'lonely'
Mae e'n byw mewn tß unig.
- He lives in a lonely house.
Roedd e'n fachgen unig.
- He was a lonely boy.
Notice the difference in the use of 'unig' in this sentence:
Er ei fod e/o'n unig blentyn, doedd e/o ddim yn blentyn unig.
- Although he was an only child, he wasn't a lonely child.
4. Idiomau a dywediadau
gwaetha'r modd - worse luck
erbyn hyn - by now
sefyll arholiad - to sit an examination
5. Diarhebion
Yr hen a ùyr a'r ifanc a dybia.
- The old know and the young think (they know)
Mam esgud a wna ferch ddiog.
- A quick (efficient) mother makes a lazy daughter.