BETTER SPEAKING
Lesson 1
Do I have to sound like a native speaker?
Jinping: I have learned English for almost 15 years. I have no problem with
reading and listening. But speaking has always been a problem for me because
when I was at school, we always focused on grammar, vocabulary and exams.
Now I really want to improve my spoken English to a new level, achieve that free
speaking in the near future. Do you have any good suggestions on how to
achieve this?
Richard Hallows: Learners of English often worry about speaking like a native
speaker. I think it’s important that they should realize this is not the way you need
to speak. Most of the time our listeners are speaking to other non-native
speakers of English, so they need to be intelligible to those people. It’s not
necessary to have a native accent.
to sound - brzmieć
native speaker of English - osoba, której językiem ojczystym jest
angielski
reading - czytanie
listening - słuchanie
speaking - mówienie
to focus on sth - koncentrować się na czymś
vocabulary - słownictwo
exam - egzamin
to improve - polepszyć, poprawić, udoskonalić
spoken English - język angielski mówiony, angielska mowa
level - poziom
to achieve - osiągnąć
free - tu: swobodny
suggestion - sugestia
learner of English - osoba ucząca się angielskiego
to worry - martwić się
way - tu: sposób
non-native speaker of English - osoba, której językiem ojczystym nie jest
angielski
intelligible - zrozumiały
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I (learned, have learned, had learned) English for almost 15 years.
2. We used to focus (at, to, on) grammar and vocabulary too much.
3. Now I want to improve my (speaking, speak, spoken) English.
1
odpowiedzi:
1. have learned
2. on
3. spoken
Lesson 2
What can I do to sound more natural?
Goran Ivanisovich: This was my dream, all my life and er… you know to
serve for the match, suddenly I have a match point out of nowhere, you know …I
came here, nobody even talked about me and now I’m holding this trophy and
it’s… it’s just.. this support today is like… er… I mean.. I was …er… three times
in the final but this is, this is just unbelievable, this is too good. Thank you guys
for everything …
Richard Hallows: When we’re speaking, sometimes maybe we need
time to think about what we’re saying. Um … rather than having a silence when
you’re speaking, um … you might like to say, ‘erm….um..’ In fact, I do this quite
a lot when I’m speaking. And this helps you sound very natural and keeps the
listener listening.
to sound natural - brzmieć naturalnie
dream - tu: marzenie
trophy - trofeum
support - wsparcie, poparcie
I mean… - tu: konwersacyjny wtręt, ‘zapchajdziura’,
która nie jest nośnikiem znaczenia
unbelievable - niewiarygodny, nie do wiary
guy - facet, człowiek
to speak - mówić
to need - potrzebować
to think - myśleć
to say - mówić, powiedzieć
silence - cisza
to keep the listener listening - utrzymać uwagę słuchacza (sprawić, aby
dalej słuchał)
uzupełnij zdania:
2
1. When you speak, you can use words like: ‘I mean’, ‘you know, ‘kind
of…’. They can help you (sound, sounding, sounds) very natural.
2. They also keep the listener (listen, to listen, listening).
3. They help you (keep, hold, take) his attention while you speak.
odpowiedzi:
1. sound
2. listening
3. hold
Lesson 3
How can I become more confident?
Richard Hallows: Some students do have this confidence, and they’re the
students who really make the most progress and become, you know, the good
speakers of English. The students who really don’t progress so quickly are
students who … you know, they worry about making mistakes so much, it stops
them really communicating and making that progress.
Richard Hallows: Really “key” is, you know, you must enjoy speaking. Erm….
It’s not an exam - it’s just about communicating, and if you enjoy it, you will be so
much better.
to become - stać się
confident - mający wiarę w siebie, pewność siebie
to make progress - robić postępy
to make the most progress - robić największe postępy
speaker of English - osoba mówiąca po angielsku
to progress - robić postępy
to worry about sth - martwić się czymś/o coś
to make mistakes - robić błędy
to communicate - komunikować się
key - klucz
to enjoy - lubić coś, czerpać z czegoś radość i
zadowolenie
uzupełnij zdania:
1. Students who have confidence (do, make, achieve) the most progress.
2. Don’t worry too much about (making, doing, achieving) mistakes.
3. Enjoy (to speak, speak, speaking) English!
odpowiedzi:
3
1. make
2. making
3. speaking
Lesson 4
How do I say it?
NGOC: One of my problems is my spoken English sometimes I try to say
something but I don’t know the word so I feel … um …a bit
confused and I stop because I don’t know how to say it or to say
what I want to say so I feel less confident in speaking and I stop
myself from speaking sometimes.
how do I say it? - jak to powiedzieć?
confused - zdezorientowany
to feel - czuć
less - mniej
confident - mający pewność siebie i wiarę we własne siły
I stop myself from - powstrzymuję się od
uzupełnij zdania:
1. If you don’t feel confident, you feel (in, un, non) confident.
2. If you don’t know the word you are looking for try (to, at, in)
paraphrase.
3. Don’t stop yourself (from, at, for) speaking.
odpowiedzi:
1. un
2. to
3. from
Lesson 5
Can I paraphrase?
Pak Han Suk:
In the house of the Korean people they like football very much,
more than your baseball and basketball, but actually they do not
want to visit a stadium. Even if Korean people like football very
much sometimes they want to go another place, like picnic, or do
other things at home. Maybe Korean people like drinking so much.
4
Maybe if a person is asked whether you go to the stadium or you
join your friends in the, maybe, beer shop, something like that, I
think maybe Korean people choose going to the beer shop, I don’t
know…
paraphrase - parafrazować
basketball - koszykówka
stadium - stadion
to drink - pić
to join - przyłączyć się
beer - piwo
shop - sklep
to choose - wybierać
uzupełnij zdania:
1. Do you like football more (then, when, than) basketball?
2. Do you go to football matches or do you prefer to watch it (in, at,
inside) home?
3. Or would you rather go for a drink (for, to, at) a pub or a bar?
odpowiedzi:
1. than
2. at
3. to
Lesson 6
How English helps you survive in business
Stelios Haji-Ioannou: Well obviously I've survived in business, by being able
to speak English and Greek, which is not very useful outside
Greece - so definitely English must be the business language. I
think it would've been impossible to run an airline in the UK without
speaking English - that would've been a serious limitation to your
ability to communicate with customers.
And in fact, when people ask me, “Do you ... I mean, you come
from Greece - why didn't you start the airline in Greece" or "Why
didn't you go to France or Germany or everything else", and one of
the things I say is, that you know, Greece is too small, it's in the
wrong end of Europe, and out of the big markets, the German, the
French and the English, the only language I could skip..... er.....
speak, was English, so I had to come to London.
5
to survive - przeżyć, przetrwać, przetrzymać
to be able to - móc, potrafić, być w stanie
to speak English - mówić po angielsku
useful - pożyteczny
language - język
impossible - niemożliwy
to run - prowadzić (np. biznes)
airline - linia lotnicza
the UK (=The United Kingdom) - Zjednoczone Królestwo
limitation - ograniczenie
ability - zdolność, umiejętność
to communicate - komunikować się
customer - klient
in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto
to come from Greece - pochodzić z Grecji
end - tu: kraniec, kres
uzupełnij zdania:
1. The knowledge of English helped him to survive (in, at, with) business.
2. He (ran, run, runs) a successful business a few years ago.
3. He would not be able to communicate with customers if he (would not,
could not, did not) know English.
odpowiedzi:
1. in
2. ran
3. did not
Lesson 7
How do I link my thoughts together?
Patrice: I have to use English a lot in my job and I often have to explain ideas
to people, so I would like to learn interesting ways of linking my
thoughts together in English. Often I think I am just saying one thing
and then another and I realize that this can be boring for people
listening to me. Do you have any suggestions for me?
Stelios Haji-Ioannou:
And in fact, when people ask me, “Do you ... I mean, you come
from Greece - why didn't you start the airline in Greece" or „Why
didn't you go to France or Germany or everything else", and one of
the things I say is, that you know, Greece is too small, it's in the
wrong end of Europe, and out of the big markets, the German, the
6
French and the English, the only language I could skip..... er.....
speak, was English, so I had to come to London
to link - łączyć
thought - myśl
to use - używać
job - praca
to explain - wyjaśniać
idea - pomysł, idea
another - inny, drugi
to realize - zdawać sobie sprawę
boring - nudny
to listen - słuchać
suggestion - sugestia
in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto
to come from Greece - pochodzić z Grecji
end - tu: kraniec, kres
to speak English - mówić po angielsku
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I use English a lot (in, at, within) my job.
2. I would like to learn interesting ways (to, of, by) linking my thoughts
together in English.
3. I sometimes ask (me, my, myself) why I want to do it and my answer is
that I find English very useful.
odpowiedzi:
1. in
2. of
3. myself
Lesson 8
How do I learn words that go together?
Leonid: My teacher tells me that it is very important for me to learn natural
English phrases and expressions. But when I try to speak English, and use such
phrases, it is very difficult for me to know which words go together. I think in
English there are many thousands of these expressions. Can you give me some
advice on how to learn them?
7
to go together - iść w parze
phrase - fraza, zwrot
expression - wyrażenie
to try - próbować
to speak - mówić
to use - używać
to know - znać, wiedzieć
thousand - tysiąc
advice - rada
to learn - uczyć się
uzupełnij zdania:
1. It is very important to learn natural English phrases and (impressions,
expressions, compressions).
2. But it is difficult to know which words (go, run, match) together in
English.
3. Could you give me some (advise, adviser, advice) on how to learn them?
odpowiedzi:
1. expressions
2. go
3. advice
Lesson 9
Let’s find more opposites
Bjork: I've always thought of ‘Debut’ and ’Post’ as twins, and that's why
I've called them ‘Debut’, which is before, and ‘Post’, which is
after - sort of before and after my little lesson, and I think after
this I will move on to, sort of, quite, sort of, different things, but
the concept with both ‘Debut’ and ‘Post’ is a week in a life of a
normal person, and all the ups and downs you have in one week
which you can't plan - so that's why I wanted the songs on both
‘Debut’ and ‘Post’ to be completely different from each other,
and to kind of represent that you just... you can't plan your life,
and you're not supposed to. You're supposed to just enjoy it to
the maximum and take it as it comes sort of thing.
opposites - tu: słowa o przeciwnym znaczeniu, antonimy
twins - bliźniaki
to call - tu: nazywać
sort of… - jakiś… (wtręt w rozmowie, który nic nie
znaczy)
8
before - przedtem
after - po
to move on to - przejść do czegoś innego, zająć się czymś
innym
week - tydzień
life - życie
ups and downs - sukcesy i porażki, wzloty i upadki
song - piosenka
both - oba, obie, oboje
to be different from each other - różnić się od siebie
you’re supposed to do sth - powinieneś, masz coś zrobić
to enjoy - cieszyć się (czymś), lubić coś, czerpać z
czegoś przyjemność
take it as it comes - (o życiu) bierz je takim, jakie jest
uzupełnij zdania:
1. Life is full of ups and (downers, downs, down).
2. Take it (like, as, is) it comes.
3. I know all the ins and (inns, out, outs) of her problems.
odpowiedzi:
1. downs
2. as
3. outs
Lesson 10
What are the fillers?
Muhammed: When I listen to native speakers, I notice that sometimes
they are not totally fluent and often they stop and think
about their words. But when they do this, they use lots of
small words to help them. I would like to learn how to use
these small words, because I think they will be very helpful
for me, but my problem is that I cannot hear them exactly.
Can you help to explain the use of these small words for
me?
Madonna: Umm… it was really, kind of a mark for the end of the year
and… um… you know, it sort of, went part and parcel with
the tour.
filler - wypełniacz, coś co wypełnia lukę
to listen - słuchać
9
native speaker (of English) - osoba, której językiem ojczystym jest
angielski
to notice - zauważyć
fluent - płynny
to think - myśleć
to use - używać
to help - pomagać
to learn - uczyć się
helpful - użyteczny, pomocny
to hear - słyszeć
exactly - dokładnie
to explain - wyjaśniać
use - użycie
mark - znak
it went part and parcel with the tour - był zasadniczą częścią tournee
uzupełnij zdania:
1. Small words that we use to fill the gaps in the conversation are called
(fills, fillers, fullers).
2. When you speak English fluently, you are fluent (in, at, with) it.
3. The knowledge of English is part and (packet, package, parcel) of my
job.
odpowiedzi:
1. fillers
2. in
3. parcel
Lesson 11
How do I use the fillers?
Interviewer: And why did you actually decide to put the album out anyway?
Was it a record company decision or was it just:’ I’ve reached that
time in my life, I’ll put out another one?’
Madonna: Umm… it was really kind of a mark for the end of the year and
um… you know, it sort of went part and parcel with the tour.
Interviewer: Yeah.
Madonna: which is kind of … it was a com … the tour was really um a
celebration of my … pretty much my last three records and what
I’ve been doing over the last… since I did ‘Evita’, really.
Interviewer: Yeah.
to use - używać
filler - wypełniacz, coś co wypełnia lukę
10
to put out an album - wydać album
record company - wytwórnia płyt
decision - decyzja
to reach - tu: osiągnąć
time - okres
life - życie
mark - znak
it went part and parcel with the tour - był zasadniczą częścią tournee
celebration - świętowanie, obchody, uczczenie
czegoś
uzupełnij zdania:
1. When an album is released it is put (away, out, outside).
2. Madonna’s album was part and parcel of her tour; it was an (unimportant,
essential, irrelevant) part of it.
3. People who make records work for a record (firm, company, corporation).
odpowiedzi:
1. out
2. essential
3. company
Lesson 12
How do I make my English more memorable?
Lydia: Yes, I have often noticed how good speakers are able to make
phrases that sound, how can I say, memorable. You know, they use
language in a more of an artistic way, especially politicians and
leaders, when they speak.
Kofi Anan:
It is a much tougher sale out there, in a world where half of our
fellow human beings struggle to survive on less than $2.00 a day.
Try to imagine what globalization can possibly mean to half of
humanity that has never made, or received, a phone call. The
simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization
work for all, in the end it will work for none.
memorable - tu: godny zapamiętania, łatwy do
zapamiętania, wpadający w ucho;
również: pamiętny, niezapomniany
to notice - zauważać
phrase - fraza, zwrot
to sound - brzmieć
politician - polityk
11
leader - przywódca
tough - tu: trudny, ciężki
sale - sprzedaż
out there - tam; tu chodzi o kraje Trzeciego Świata
world - świat
fellow human being - bliźni, bratnia istota ludzka
to struggle - walczyć, zmagać się, męczyć się
to survive - przeżyć, wyżyć
less than - mniej niż
to try - próbować
to imagine - wyobrażać sobie
to mean - znaczyć
humanity - ludzkość
phone call - telefon (w sensie: rozmowa telefoniczna)
to make a phone call - zadzwonić do kogoś, wykonać telefon,
zatelefonować
to receive a phone call - dostać/odebrać od kogoś telefon (kiedy ktoś
dzwoni do ciebie)
the simple fact of the matter is - rzecz polega po prostu na tym
to work for - tu: służyć czemuś/komuś; przynosić korzyści
none - nikt, nic, żaden
objaśnienia:
it is a much tougher sale out there – chodzi o to, że ideę globalizacji znacznie
trudniej jest ‘sprzedać’ w krajach ubogich
uzupełnij zdania:
1. If a phrase is worth remembering or easy to remember, it is (memorable,
forgettable, unremarkable).
2. Half of our fellow human beings struggle to survive (at, on, about) less
than $2 a day.
3. Globalization must work (to, for, from) everyone.
odpowiedzi:
1. memorable
2. on
3. for
12
Lesson 13
What kind of rhetorical devices do I use?
Kofi Anan:
It is a much tougher sale out there, in a world where half of our
fellow human beings struggle to survive on less than $2.00 a day.
Try to imagine what globalization can possibly mean to half of
humanity that has never made, or received, a phone call. The
simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization
work for all, in the end it will work for none.
tough - tu: trudny, ciężki
sale - sprzedaż
out there - tam; tu chodzi o kraje Trzeciego Świata
world - świat
fellow human being - bliźni, bratnia istota ludzka
to struggle - walczyć, zmagać się, męczyć się
to survive - przeżyć, wyżyć
less than - mniej niż
to try - próbować
to imagine - wyobrażać sobie
to mean - znaczyć
humanity - ludzkość
phone call - telefon (w sensie: rozmowa telefoniczna)
to make a phone call - zadzwonić do kogoś, wykonać telefon,
zatelefonować
to receive a phone call - dostać od kogoś telefon (kiedy ktoś dzwoni do
ciebie)
the simple fact of the matter is - rzecz polega po prostu na tym
to work for - tu: służyć czemuś/komuś; przynosić korzyści
none - nikt, nic, żaden
objaśnienia:
it is a much tougher sale out there – chodzi o to, że ideę globalizacji znacznie
trudniej jest ‘sprzedać’ w krajach Trzeciego Świata
uzupełnij zdania:
1. It is not easy to survive (at, on, about) $2.00 a day.
2. When you phone somebody, you (do, make, try) a phone call.
3. When somebody calls you, you (receipt, receive, receiver) a phone call
from them.
13
odpowiedzi:
1. on
2. make
3. receive
Lesson 14
How can I correct myself?
Sunil: People tell me that I speak English to a pretty high standard,
but I still don’t think I could describe myself as a fluent
speaker. And I think the real reason for this is that I feel really
embarrassed about making mistakes when I speak English. I
know I shouldn’t do this, I know that native speakers also
make plenty of mistakes, but I just can’t help myself.
Interviewer: And tell me about the difference that an Oscar makes.
You’ve talked about recognition.
Juliette Binoche: It means a lot, you know, especially being a foreigner, you
know, it doesn’t happen that often. And also it’s is my first
movie since ‘The English Patient’, so I feels – I feel blessed
in a way. But, erm… I’m not… erm… trying to analysis it –
how do you say? – analyze this …er… because you know
it’s… I’m making these films and then afterwards I don’t know
whether it’s a good one or not, but I try my best, that’s the
only thing I know.
to correct - poprawiać
pretty high - całkiem/dość wysoki
to describe - opisać
fluent - płynny (w mowie)
speaker - mówca
reason - powód
embarrassed - zażenowany
to make a mistake - zrobić błąd
native speaker - tu: osoba, dla której angielski jest językiem
ojczystym
plenty - mnóstwo
I can’t help myself - tu: nie mogę się powstrzymać
to make a difference - zrobić różnicę (wywrzeć duży wpływ)
14
recognition - uznanie
to mean - znaczyć, mieć na myśli
foreigner - cudzoziemiec
to happen - zdarzać się, wydarzać
movie - film
to feel - czuć
blessed - błogosławiony, tu: wyróżniony, obdarowany
in a way - w jakiś sposób
to analyze - analizować
analysis - analiza
afterwards - później
I try my best - dokładam wszelkich starań; robię, co w mojej mocy
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I speak English (at, to, with) a pretty high standard.
2. I hope I’m a fairly (fluent, fluency, flowing) speaker.
3. But I feel embarrassed about (make, making, having made) mistakes.
odpowiedzi:
1. to
2. fluent
3. making
Lesson 15
How can I help myself?
Interviewer: And tell me about the difference that an Oscar makes.
You’ve talked about recognition.
Juliette Binoche: It means a lot, you know, especially being a foreigner, you
know, it doesn’t happen that often. And also it’s is my first
movie since ‘The English Patient’, so I feels – I feel blessed
in a way. But …erm… I’m not… erm… trying to analysis it –
how do you say? – analyze this …er… because you know
it’s… I’m making these films and then afterwards I don’t know
whether it’s a good one or not, but I try my best, that’s the
only thing I know.
to make a difference - zrobić różnicę (wywrzeć duży wpływ)
recognition - uznanie
15
to mean - znaczyć, mieć na myśli
foreigner - cudzoziemiec
to happen - zdarzać się, wydarzać
movie - film
to feel - czuć
blessed - błogosławiony, tu: wyróżniony, zaszczycony
in a way - w jakiś sposób
to analyze - analizować
analysis - analiza
afterwards - później
I try my best - dokładam wszelkich starań; robię, co w mojej mocy
uzupełnij zdania:
1. Getting an Oscar (does, creates, makes) a big difference to an actor.
2. Always try your (good, better, best).
3. Let’s (analyze, analysis, analyzed) what went wrong.
odpowiedzi:
1. makes
2. best
3. analyze
Lesson 16
How can I be more creative in English?
Jan: I work in the advertising business and I think that I am a creative
person, but when I speak English I find it very difficult to be creative
with the language. When I listen to native speakers, I notice that
they often use images or maybe metaphors, which helps to make
their speech more dynamic and interesting. I’m worried that when I
meet with customers, they will think I am a boring and not a creative
person. Do you have any advice for me?
Kylie Minogue:
It is… slightly odd. I mean, I do feel that I’m part of the British
music industry, so I’m.. my heart, my… you know…the basis of me
is Aussie through and through. I mean, my roots are Australian, my
branches have been influenced by living here for over ten years.
creative - twórczy, kreatywny
advertising - reklama, reklamowanie
language - język
native speaker - tu: osoba, dla której angielski jest językiem
ojczystym
16
to notice - zauważać
image - obraz, imaż
metaphor - metafora
to help - pomagać
speech - mowa
to worry - martwić się, niepokoić
to meet - spotykać
customer - klient
boring - nudny
advice - rada
slightly - nieco
odd - dziwny, dziwne
to feel - czuć
part - część
industry - przemysł
heart - serce
basis - baza, podstawa
Aussie (=Australian) - australijski
through and through - na wskroś, do cna
root - korzeń
branch - gałąź
to influence - wywierać wpływ
to live - żyć
uzupełnij zdania:
1. If you are not creative, you are (in, un, dis)creative.
2. Metaphor is an imaginative way of showing that two things have
(different, the same, opposite) qualities.
3. Use metaphors if you want to sound creative, this is my (advice, advise,
advised).
odpowiedzi:
1. un
2. the same
3. advice
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Lesson 17
How do I learn to use metaphors?
Kylie Minogue:
It is… slightly odd. I mean, I do feel that I’m part of the British
music industry, so I’m.. my heart, my… you know…the basis of me
is Aussie through and through. I mean, my roots are Australian, my
branches have been influenced by living here for over ten years.
metaphor - metafora
slightly - nieco
odd - dziwny, dziwne
to feel - czuć
part - część
industry - przemysł
heart - serce
basis - baza, podstawa
Aussie (=Australian) - australijski
through and through - na wskroś, do cna
root - korzeń
branch - gałąź
to influence - wywierać wpływ
to live - żyć
uzupełnij zdania:
1. When something is slightly odd, it’s slightly (strange, uneven, ordinary).
2. I’m Polish through and (thorough, through, thoroughly).
3. Although I (have, has, had) lived in England for over ten years.
odpowiedzi:
1. strange
2. through
3. have
Lesson 18
How do I take part in a discussion?
Fatima: I often have to attend fairly formal business meetings, where the
only language is English. This is not a problem for me, except for
when I want to interrupt or break into the discussion or express my
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opinion. When I do this I always feel that I am being rude, so I am
reluctant to do this.
Edward Said:
Do you think that education plays a great role in emphasizing,
rather than minimizing, differences? I think most systems of
education are basically nationalist.
Luigi Cavalli-Sforza:
I think, I think this is a very good point, and I think you’re basically
right. Eh, I also believe that fortunately there’s a change in this
attitude, although we are… we’ve all been brought up with the
nationalists.
to take part - brać udział
to attend - być obecnym, uczestniczyć, uczęszczać
formal - formalny
meeting - spotkanie, zebranie
language - język
to interrupt - przerywać
to break into - tu: włączyć się (np. do dyskusji)
to express - wyrażać
to feel - czuć
rude - niegrzeczny, nieuprzejmy
reluctant - niechętny
education - edukacja
to play a role - odgrywać rolę
to emphasize - podkreślać, dodawać emfazy
to minimize - minimalizować
difference - różnica
nationalist - narodowiec, nacjonalista, narodowościowy,
nacjonalistyczny
point - tu: argument, uwaga
basically - w zasadzie
to believe - wierzyć
fortunately - na szczęście
change - zmiana
attitude - postawa, nastawienie
to bring up - wychowywać
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I have to (attend, take part, be present) many formal meetings.
2. Sometimes I don’t know how to break (in, into, within) the discussion.
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3. I don’t know how to (say, declare, express) my opinion without sounding
rude.
odpowiedzi:
1. attend
2. into
3. express
Lesson 19
How do I express my opinion?
Luigi Cavalli-Sforza:
Well, when I was a child in Italy, I was …… there was fascism and
I can tell you, it was very nationalist, I received a very nationalist
education. It didn’t disappear in most of the world, and…., but there
are many good signs. I would think that what is most important is to
remember what I think it’s Spinoza, said, that “intolerance shouldn’t,
absolutely not be tolerated”!
express - wyrażać
nationalist - narodowiec, nacjonalista, narodowościowy,
nacjonalistyczny
education - edukacja
to receive - otrzymywać, odbierać
to disappear - znikać
world - świat
sign - znak
to remember - pamiętać
to tolerate - tolerować
uzupełnij zdania:
1. What role does nationalism (entertain, play, participate) in education?
2. I think you’ve (done, made, said) a very good point.
3. When I lived in Poland, I (obtain, received, given) very good education.
odpowiedzi:
1. play
2. made
3. received
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Lesson 20
How do I put my points across more strongly?
Piotr: Yes. Well, I would say that I am, you know, a fairly fluent speaker of
English. But what I’d really like to do when I speak is to put my
points across more strongly, you know, to make a bigger
impression. I have the feeling that if I’m, like, with native speakers,
people pay more attention to them. It’s hard for me to, you know, be
persuasive, and that’s a really important thing.
Imman Somali women don’t wear veils. Erm… We have our own traditional
clothes. We cover our head, but definitely, it’s not a veil. So we’ve
never worn veils, I’ve never worn a veil, my mother has not worn a
veil…
to put across - tu: przekazać
point - opinia, argument, punkt widzenia
strongly - mocno, dobitnie
fairly fluent speaker of English - osoba dość płynnie mówiąca po
angielsku
to make a bigger impression - zrobić większe wrażenie
feeling - odczucie
native speaker - osoba, dla której dany język jest
językiem ojczystym
to pay attention - zwracać uwagę
hard - tu: trudno
persuasive - przekonujący, przekonywujący, tu też:
elokwentny
veil - welon, woalka, tu: czador
traditional clothes - tradycyjny strój
to cover - zakrywać
head - głowa
to wear - nosić/zakładać (coś), ubierać się (w
coś)
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I would like to know how to put my points (away, across, above) more
strongly, when I speak.
2. I would like to be more persuasive and (do, cause, make) a bigger
impression.
3. I would like people to (pay, spend, save) more attention to what I’m
saying.
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odpowiedzi:
1. across
2. make
3. pay
Lesson 21
So, how do I put across my points then?
Imman: For one thing, let me make it very clear, Somalia is… is a Muslim
country, 100% Muslim country, but we also have a very strong cultural
identity. Somali women don’t wear veils. Erm… We have our own
traditional clothes. We cover our head, but definitely, it’s not a veil.
So we’ve never worn veils, I’ve never worn a veil, my mother has not
worn a veil, so that was not the issue. The issue that my parents had
with me and my choice of profession was that they thought it was
beneath me. They thought that I should have had a higher calling, that
I should have gone into politics. And they were just purely, simply
disappointed in me. So, is …it was just the choice of profession that I
chose that they were not happy with.
to put across - tu: przekazać
point - opinia, argument, punkt widzenia
to make sth clear - wyjaśnić coś
Muslim - Muzułmanin, muzułmański
identity - tożsamość
to wear - nosić/zakładać (coś), ubierać się (w
coś)
veil - welon, woal, tu: czador
issue - sprawa, kwestia, tu: kwestia sporna
parents - rodzice
choice - wybór
profession - zawód, profesja
beneath - niżej, poniżej
a higher calling - wyższy cel, powołanie do wyższych
rzeczy
to go into politics - zająć się polityką, robić karierę w
polityce
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purely - wyłącznie
simply - po prostu
purely and simply - tylko i wyłącznie, po prostu,
najzwyczajniej
disappointed - rozczarowany
uzupełnij zdania:
1. I (have, has, had) never worn a veil in my life.
2. My parents thought that I should have gone (to, in, into) politics.
3. They thought that modeling was (beneath, under, underneath) me.
odpowiedzi:
1. have
2. into
3. beneath
Lesson 22
How do I put together an argument in a clear logical way?
Rita: When I speak my own language, I find it very easy to express my opinions
and – how do you say? - put together an argument, you know, in a clear
logical way. But in English I find this much more difficult to do. What kind
of techniques are there to help me to do this?
to put together - składać (w całość), przedstawiać
argument - tu: argument, argumentacja, dyskusja,
polemika
clear - wyraźny, przejrzysty
logical - logiczny
way - droga, sposób
to speak - mówić
language - język
to find - znajdować, tu: sądzić, uważać
to express opinions - wyrażać opinie
to help - pomagać
uzupełnij zdania:
1. When I speak my own language, I find it easy to (make, express, say) my
opinions.
2. But in a foreign language it is difficult to do it in a (clean, sheer, clear)
and logical way.
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3. I would like to know how to (put, set, lay) together an argument in the
best possible way.
odpowiedzi:
1. express
2. clear
3. put
Lesson 23
How do I use repetitions, examples and comparisons?
Edgardo Codesal: Referees are human beings and I was in the middle of the
pitch and I know very well that’s, it’s almost impossible to see
everything, everything. Sometimes your eyes make the
mistake and confuse you because the things happen so fast.
Unfortunately, we can’t understand… we don’t want to
understand that the referee’s mistake is part of the game like
the mistake from the players and other people are involved in
the game. We need to be more human with the referees.
to use - używać, stosować
repetition - powtórzenie
example - przykład
comparison - porównanie
referee - sędzia
human being - istota ludzka
in the middle of - w środku (czegoś)
pitch - boisko
eye - oko
to make a mistake - zrobić błąd
to happen - zdarzać się
fast - szybko
unfortunately - niestety
to understand - rozumieć
part - część
game - gra, mecz
player - tu: piłkarz
to be involved - być zaangażowanym
to need - potrzebować
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uzupełnij zdania:
1. Referees are (humane, human, humans) beings.
2. Sometimes they (make, do, perform) mistakes, too.
3. But things happen so (fast, faster, fastly) on the pitch, don’t they?
odpowiedzi:
1. human
2. make
3. fast
Lesson 24
Do I need to be aware of different communication styles?
Mitali: Now that I’m working in England, I am often worried about the way I
appear to my colleagues in the office. My problem is that in my
country we like to speak very directly about subjects, but I have the
feeling that in England this is not so. I would like to know if other
people have similar experiences to this.
Ang Lee: For the Chinese… you tell people what you want to do. Nobody
discusses it with you. And I grew up in such a way that I was taking
orders all my life until I was old enough to give orders. So to
communicate with actors... wasn’t really my thing.
aware - zdający sobie sprawę, świadomy
(czegoś)
different - różny, odmienny
communication style - styl komunikowania się
to work - pracować
worried - zmartwiony, zaniepokojony
to appear - wydawać się, jawić, pokazywać
colleague - kolega
office - biuro
country - kraj
to speak - mówić
directly - bezpośrednio
subject - przedmiot, temat (np. rozmowy)
feeling - tu: odczucie, wrażenie
experience - doświadczenie
the Chinese - Chińczycy
to tell - mówić, powiedzieć, kazać
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to want - chcieć
to discuss - przedyskutować
to grow up - dorastać
in such a way - w taki sposób
to take orders - przyjmować od kogoś rozkazy
to give orders - wydawać rozkazy
to communicate - komunikować się
(it) wasn’t really my thing - (to) nie było w moim stylu
uzupełnij zdania:
1. The opposite of ‘directly’ is (un, in, non)directly.
2. When other people tell you what to do, you (take, give, hold) orders
from them.
3. When you tell other people what to do, you (make, do, give) orders.
odpowiedzi:
1. in
2. take
3. give
Lesson 25
Shall I be direct or try a bit of bullshitting?
Ang Lee: And I like even to this day, I like to be, direct with… I think that’s the
most efficient way dealing with actor, even though sometimes it can
be painful, it seems brutal, but it’s effective, it’s less bullshit. Wak
Choi in fact, he spent two months of his own time practising
swordsmanship. He hired a coach and did something and put it on
tape, proudly showed it to me, and I said “It sucks, and it’s not what
I want”. It really hurt him - but it’s very effective, you know.
A typical, like after a take, “Oh, that was great, erm, blah, blah, blah,
blah, blah” and ‘’How about… let’s try something else”. That’s not
on, a lot of the time that’s bullshit. But I do more and more of that
these days, because I get more sophisticated language, in English,
and I work with more movie stars.
direct - bezpośredni, obcesowy
to try - próbować
bullshitting - wciskanie ‘kitu’, plecenie bzdur, nonsensów
efficient - wydajny, skuteczny
to deal with sb - tu: mieć do czynienia (z kimś)
painful - bolesny
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to seem - zdawać się, wydawać
brutal - brutalny
bullshit - ‘kit’, bzdura, nonsens
in fact - w rzeczy samej, de facto
to spend - spędzać
to practise - ćwiczyć, praktykować
swordmanship - fechtunek, sztuka władania bronią białą
to hire - wynająć
coach - trener, nauczyciel, mistrz
he put it on tape - tu: nagrał na taśmę
proudly - dumnie
it sucks! - to do chrzanu!
to hurt - tu: zranić kogoś
effective - skuteczny
take - tu: kadr
blah, blah, blah - (pleść trzy po trzy) ple ple ple; również: i tak
dalej
something else - coś innego
that’s not on! - tu: tak nie można!
sophisticated - wytworny, wyrobiony, zaawansowany, na
wysokim poziomie, z klasą
to work - pracować
movie star - gwiazda kina
uzupełnij zdania:
1. When you definitely don’t like something, you can say, informally: “It
(sacks, sucks, sax).
2. When you say things which are not true in order to deceive or please
somebody, you (bull, shit, bullshit) them.
3. When you English is advanced, fluent and elegant, you can say that it is
(sophistication, sophisticate, sophisticated).
odpowiedzi:
1. sucks
2. bullshit
3. sophisticated
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