EAA Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC C VA S T: -- F: -- W: www.sfu.ca/ihr ______________________________________________________________________________ E: Edward Ingram M E: Terence J. Ollerhead A E: Hilary K. Blair
The International History Review
Notes on Style
This style sheet is also available on our website: www.sfu.ca/ihr
The IHR follows The Oxford English Dictionary; The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors; and The Oxford Spelling Dictionary. I MSS Submitted for Consideration: •The text, footnotes, and block quotations are to be double spaced with generous margins. •Footnotes are to be placed at the end of the manuscript, not at the foot of the page. •Manuscripts are not to begin with a title page giving the author’s name or to contain other identifying information. •Three hard copies are to be submitted, or submissions may be sent by an e-mail attachment. Hard copies will be printed and sent to referees. Manuscripts will not be returned. Accepted Manuscripts: •Upon acceptance, the text is to be supplied on computer disk, preferably Macintosh and Microsoft, although IBM and other programmes are acceptable. •Footnotes are to be automated. •Manuscripts are not to begin with a date or with a word of less than four letters. Words beginning with I or O are not recommended, as these letters look least handsome in the dropped ornamental capitals we use. •The text, footnotes, and block quotations are to be double spaced with generous margins. The Editor is the final arbiter of length, grammar, and style. II Dates: November (not November , ); -; -; -, -. All months over five letters are abbreviated in footnotes. III Numbers: One to ninety-nine are given in words; and above in numerals. Use the least number of numerals possible: -, -, but -. Numbers over , are set with commas: e.g., ,. IV Introductions: Individuals are to be introduced with a full (or reasonably full) name or title and office. Thus: ‘the president of the United States, John F. Kennedy’; ‘the prime minister of India, Indira Gandhi’; ‘the British ambassador at Vienna, Sir Gilbert Elliot’; ‘the German foreign minister, count von Bulow’. Do not use ‘Secretary of State Cordell Hull’, but ‘the secretary of state, Cordell Hull’.
V Quotations: •Use single quotation marks, not double. Use double quotation marks for quotations within quotations. •The period comes before the closing quotation mark if the quotation forms a grammatically complete sentence. Thus: He said: ‘The conference had been most successful.’ ‘The conference’, he wrote, ‘had been most successful.’ The conference had been ‘a most successful one’. He told us that the conference had been ‘most successful’. •If the quotation forms a syntactical part of the sentence, begin with a lower-cased letter, even if a captial is used in the original. •Quotations of more than seventy words are blocked, and separated with a line space above and below. Retain the original paragraphs. Do not use single spacing. •Spelling and punctuation are to follow the original, except for the use of ampersand, but abbreviations are to be filled out in square brackets. •All quotations in foreign languages are to be translated. VI Footnotes: Footnotes are to be as few as possible in number; manuscripts are not to be laden down as if they were extracts from doctoral dissertations. All quotations are to be identified and all debts acknowledged. Multiple citations of documents are to be avoided, however, and footnotes used to show the reader the sorts of material consulted. Footnote numbers in the text should only be placed at the ends of sentences. •Footnotes are not to be used to provide supplementary information. Technical problems may be discussed. •Footnotes are to be double spaced (within as well as between footnotes) and placed after the text. •Authors of books, editors, etc., in footnotes are identified by intials plus surname. Hence, W. S. Churchill, The Second World War. •Citations are to include page numbers wherever possible. Use p. and pp., unless a volume is cited. •The footnote numbers in the footnote section are to be raised, and they are to be followed by a space. The footnote has no indentation, and follows the forms below. Footnotes are to be automated. Books in Footnotes: W. S. Churchill, The Second World War (London, -), ii. . • Do not cite the publisher. • Authors of books are denoted as S. Smith, not Stephen Smith. There is a space between initials. For example, in T. G. Jones, there is a space after T. • In subsequent references: Op. cit. is not used, ibid. may be. Use the author’s surname (no initials), shortened title [no ‘The’, ‘A’, or ‘An’ at beginning], and page number. Short titles are not necessarily to be composed of the first few words: e.g, T. J. Brown, The Childhood and Schooldays of Franklin Delano Roosevelt becomes Brown, Roosevelt. Edited Books in Footnotes: Antislavery Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Abolitionists, ed. L. Perry and M. Fellman (Baton Rouge, ), pp. -. •In subsequent references use a shortened title followed by editor[s]. Thus: Antislavery, ed. Perry and Fellman, pp. -.
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Articles in Footnotes: B. Malament, ‘British Labour and Roosevelt’s New Deal’, Journal of British Studies, xvii (), -. Please ensure that all journals have volume number, if applicable. •In subsequent references: Malament, ‘British Labour’, pp. -. • Use lower-case Roman numerals for volume number; no month or issue number is cited; note the quotation mark inside the comma in title. Theses in Footnotes: T. Smith, ‘ The USA and Mainland China, -’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia, ), p. . Newspapers in Footnotes: ‘Treachery on the High Seas’, The Times, Oct. , p. . • No parentheses for date. Manuscript Collections in Footnotes: •Begin with the particulars of the document - persons, date, telegram etc - followed by: location of archive, archive, collection, subdivision within collection (if necessary), and file/box/page/folio number. •All material to be left out of the abbreviated subsequent references is to be enclosed in square brackets. The abbreviated form is to be made as short as possible. Some examples follow: Official Correspondence: Salisbury to White, Aug. [Kew, United Kingdom National Archives, Public Record Office], F[oreign] O[ffice Records] /, fo. . •In subsequent references: Salisbury to White, Aug. , FO /, fo. . Kennedy to Hull, tel. , Aug. [United States National Archives, Record Group ], S[tate] D[epartment] D[ecimal] F[ile], . EW / /. •In subsequent references: Kennedy to Hull, tel. , Aug. , SDDF ., EW / /. Minutes, Meeting W[ar] M[anpower] C[omission], June , p. , [United States National Archives], R[ecord] G[roup] [War Manpower Commission records], series , box I-. •In subsequent references: Minutes, Meeting WMC, June , p. , RG , series , box I-. Haller to Belcredi, June [Vienna, Haus-Hof-und Staatsarchiv], I[nformations]-B[uro] , fo. . •In subsequent references: Haller to Belcredi, June , IB , fo. . Mussolini to Franco, Aug. [Rome, Archivio Centrale dello Stato], S[egretaria] P[articolare del] D[uce], C[arteggio] R[iservato] //R--D. •In subsequent references: Mussolini to Franco, Aug. , SPD, CR //R--D.
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Private Papers: Aberdeen to Heytesbury, private, May [British Library, Heytesbury MSS], Add[itional] MSS , fo. . •In subsequent references: Aberdeen to Heytesbury, private, May , Add. MSS , fo.. Duchêne to Pye, Feb. , [Paris, Bibliothèque du Documentation Internationale Contemporaine, Gabrielle] Duchêne Papers [Correspondence -], box , F Res. /-. •In subsequent references: Duchêne to Pye, Feb. , Duchêne Papers, box , F^/-. Truman to Acheson, Aug. [Independence, Missouri, Truman Presidential Library], Truman Papers, P[resident’s] S[ecretary’s] F[ile], box. . •In subsequent references: Truman to Acheson, Aug. , Truman Papers, PSF box . •Memo [no period], not memorandum in footnotes. •All months with over five letters are abbreviated. •Semi-colons are to be used between each citation in a group, whether of manuscripts or books. Thus, Salisbury to White, Aug. , FO /, fo. ; Gray, Rosebery, pp. -. •Use English wherever possible, but do not translate the titles of memoranda or the headings on files, etc. •Use MSS, not Papers, when citing collections of private correspondence for the period before . •fo. for folio; fos. for folios; ff. for following. •The number of volumes in a series is not cited. Series of Published Collections of Documents in Footnotes: Grew to Truman, May , F[oreign] R[elations of the] U[nited] S[ates], , viii. . subsequently abbreviated to FRUS with year and page number. Memo, Hossbach, Nov. , D[ocuments on] G[erman] F[oreign] P[olicy], series D, x. . subsequently abbreviated to DGFP, series D, x. (series, volume, and page numbers). Salisbury to Monson, September , B[ritish] D[ocuments on the Origins of the War, ed. G. P. Gooch and Harold Temperley], i. . subsequently abbreviated to BD with volume and page numbers. Tolstoi to Rumiantsev, 27 Aug. 1808, S[bornik] I[mperatorskago] R[usskago] I[storicheskago] O[bschestva], lxxxix. 207. subsequently abbreviated to SIRIO with volume and page numbers. Gudovich to Gardane, 6 April 1808, V[neshniaia] P[olitika] R[ossii], series I, iv. 221. subsequently abbreviated to VPR, series I, iv. 221 (series, volume, and page numbers). •Cite the details of the document: e.g., Grew to Truman, etc. •Do not cite the publisher (e.g., United States Department of State) •Do not cite the place and date of publication. •Cite the page number, not the number of the document.
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VII Spelling and Style: Capital Letters are to be avoided whenever possible, especially in the names and titles of rulers, officials, and departments. Thus, king of England, empress of China, count von Bulow, duchess de Dino, bishop of Lichfield, secretary of state, first lord of the admiralty, state department, colonial office etc. Universities and titles formed by nouns in apposition are the exception: thus, University of Delhi, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Baroness Thatcher. •Canadian [British] spelling is used: Thus, colour not color; defence not defense; centre not center unless part of the title. •In numbers over three digits use commas: for example, p. ,. •Use -ize not -ise, with some exceptions: e.g., paralyse, analyse. •Use ‘the United States’ when referring to the country, not USA or America. The preferred adjective is US, as in ‘US policy’; citizens are Americans. •Points of the compass are hyphenated: north-east, etc. •Code-names are italicized: Operation Barbarossa •Nazi, Fascist, Communist, are capitalized. •Kings, queens, popes etc. are always cited as Paul III, not Paul. •The First World War, not World War I. •s, not ’s or nineteen thirties. •A dash is represented by a hyphen with a space on each side. Thus: ‘Canada – and its allies – were informed.’ •Ellipses are represented by three dots, no space between them, but a space on each side. This pertains even when whole sentences are left out. •Series are denoted as: ‘Russia, the United States, and Great Britain signed the agreement.’ [Insert a comma before ‘and’]. •Avoid ‘e.g., i.e.’ in the text. •Reich is capitalized but not italicized. •Use $ million, not $,,. •Years are shown as BC; AD . •Do not use periods with abbreviations of titles and organizations: thus, Dr, St, NATO, US •Use periods for abbreviations of weights and measures. •Abbreviations such as P., Pp. etc. are followed by a space. •ambassador at Madrid; ambassador to Spain •Possessives for words ending in s are usually denoted as ’s, except for ancient names or when the word ends in an -iz or -es sound. E.g. Moses’, Hopkins’s, but Bridges’, Dulles’. VIII Commonly Used Words: accommodate coup, coup d’état dispatch [not des-] et al. Habsburg ibid. Indo-China irresistible per cent; 10 per cent policy-maker pre-war South-East Asia subtitle tsar versus co-operate, co-ordinate détente, but entente élite focus, -es, -ing harass indispensable inter-war nonetheless per se post-war programme status quo theatre under-secretary warlike, wartime
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