JANUARY
2002
Issue 72
CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGIN OF MASSIVE
SULPHIDE DEPOSITS IN THE BATHURST MINING CAMP,
NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK
Wayne D. Goodfellow mal deposits that are hosted by both sedi- posit (Fig. 2). All super-giant VSHMS de-
mentary and bimodal volcanic rocks in posits occur in three major mining dis-
Geological Survey of Canada continental back-arc rifts. Volcanic- tricts: BMC, northern New Brunswick;
sediment hosted massive sulphide Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain and Portugal;
601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON (VSHMS) deposits contain 23.7 Mt on av- and the Mount Reed District, Tasmania,
erage compared to 5.2 Mt for deposits Australia. The Okinawa Trough is perhaps
K1A 0E8, wgoodfel@nrcan.gc.ca hosted by bimodal volcanic sequences con- the best modern analogue of a hydrother-
taining minor sediment (Barrie and Han- mally active, sediment-covered back-arc
nington, 1999). Furthermore, seafloor continental rift.
Introduction hydrothermal deposits formed in sedi-
The Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC) is one mented continental rifts (i.e., VSHMS and Tectonic Setting &
of Canada’s most important base metal SEDEX deposits) acount for well over Seafloor Environment
mining districts, accounting in 1996 for 50% of the world’s Zn and Pb reserves,
25% of Canada’s production of zinc, 30% and approximately 40% of the world’s Zn The BMC is interpreted to have formed in
of lead, and 19% of silver. The Camp hosts and Pb production. Of the 21 super-giant a Sea of Japan-style back-arc basin (Fig.
23 deposits (Fig. 1) with geological re- deposits (geological reserves greater than 3), referred to as the Tetagouche-Exploits
serves greater than one million tonnes 100 Mt), 11 are SEDEX, 7 are VSHMS, 1 back-arc basin, that opened by rifting of
each, including the super-giant Brunswick is a Besshi-type and only 2 are VHMS de- continued on page 4
No. 12 deposit with geological reserves of
LEGEND
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Sustainable Mining Workshop /DNH
C learwater
NEIGC conference @ UNB (Continued on page 4)
F ig . 1 . G e n e ra l ge o lo g y o f th e B a th urst M in in g C a m p (fro m v a n S ta al e t a l., In p re s s) a n d
GAC Student Chapters m a jor vo lca n ic -se d im e n t h o ste d m a ssive su lp h id e (V S H M S ) d e p o sits
0,1( 5$/ '(32 6,7 6 ',9, 6,21 (;(&87,9 ( /, 67
0,1(5 '(326 ',9,6 ;(&87,9( /,6 MDD Goals and Objectives
Chairperson: Steve Piercey The Gangue is published quarterly by the Min-
Dept. of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON eral Deposits Division of GAC and is distrib-
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Email: Steve.McCutcheon@gnb.ca
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
MDD DIRECTORS Help Wanted
• John Thompson (2001-2004)
Teck Exploration Ltd. #600 - 200 Burrard Happy New Year.
Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6C 3L9
Tel: (604) 687-1117; Yes, it’s happened. Steve & I have decided to step aside as editors of
email: john.thompson@teckcorp.com THE GANGUE Newsletter at the end of this year, which will be four
years. Our plates overflowth so to speak. We very much enjoyed our first
• Jan Peter (2001-2004) three years as the editors and want to give MDD Council ample time to
Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth find our replacement(s) - hence this message. During our term as editors,
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than 25% of the members now receive the newsletter by post. As you can
• Georges Beaudoin (2000-2003) imagine, the financial savings to MDD with the web-based format is con-
Dept. de geologie et de genie geologique, siderable such that MDD can support more Symposia and Special Ses-
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Dept. of Earth Sciences, MERC, Laurentian
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Univ., Sudbury, ON; Tel: (705) 675-1151
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• Tom Lane (2000-2003) THE GANGUE for those wishing to receive a hard-copy version. How-
Consultant., Toronto, ON ever, the combined printing and mailing costs exceed the annual MDD
email: tom.lane@sympatico.ca dues, a problem that is being addressed by the MDD executive. One pos-
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Vancouver, BC; Tel: (604) 291-5474; Fax: and distributiuon costs from the preceding calender year.
(604) 291-4198; email: marshall@sfu.ca On another matter, our parent body has instituted a GAC Student
Chapter Program (see page 17 of this issue), which is modelled after the
• Dave Peck (1999-2002)
Falconbridge Exploration Ltd.
very successful Student Chapter Program of the Society of Economic Ge-
21C Murray Park Road, Winnipeg, MB; ologists (SEG). However, the success of the SEG Student Chapter pro-
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Email: dpeck@falconbridge.com ship and industry. We’re seen the SEG Student Chapter movement grow
since many of us are also members of SEG. We know what works and
• Jeremy Richards (1999-2002) why so MDD will have to play a proactive role in making the GAC Stu-
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(403) 492-2030; Finally, we encourage those who would like to edit THE GANGUE
email: Jeremy.Richards@ualberta.ca Newsletter to step forward (call Steve Piercey) to take over the reigns in
January 2003. Overall, it is a very rewarding experience and definitely
• Derek Wilton (1999-2002)
Dept. of Earth Sciences, Memorial Univ. of
keeps you in touch with most everyone.
Nfld., St. John’s, NF; Tel: (709) 737-8389;
Fax: (709) 737-2589; All the best in 2002,
email: dwilton@sparky2.esd.mun.ca
Sincerely yours,
Dave Lentz & Steve McCutcheon
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72 3
ratios (>>0.36), low Mn contents ( 5 0 m illio n to n n e s). V S H M S =
Vo lc a n ic -se d im e n t h o ste d m assiv e su lp h ide d e p o sits ; V H M S =
the absence of massive sulphide deposits of this age in the BMC.
Vo lc a n ic h o ste d m a ssiv e su lp h id e d e p o sits; S E D E X =
S E D im e n ta ry E X h a la tiv e d e p osits Massive Sulphide Deposits
Most BMC deposits probably formed in local fault-controlled
third-order basins within the Tetagouche rift during periods of
continental crust in the Early Ordovician (van Staal et al., in calc-alkaline felsic volcanism (Goodfellow and McCutcheon, in
press). The BMC is made up several different tectonic blocks press). Four hydrothermal events spanning about 14 million years
(Fournier, California Lake, Tetagouche, Sheephouse Brook), rep- have been recognized, and from oldest to youngest are: Chester
resenting different parts of this back-arc basin, which were tec- (478 Ma), Caribou (472-470 Ma), Brunswick/Heath Steele (469-
tonically juxtaposed in a west-dipping subduction complex. The 468 Ma) and Stratmat (467-465 Ma) horizons. The largest and
geochemistry of volcanic rocks and U-Pb radiometric dating most economically important deposits are hosted by the Ne-
show that the volcanic pile in each of the California Lake, pisiguit Falls Formation (Figs.1 and 4). These deposits are also
Sheephouse Brook, and Tetagouche groups evolved from felsic- relatively enriched in Pb and Zn compared to deposits hosted by
dominated to mafic-dominated volcanic rocks through time (Fig. the California Lake Group (Spruce Lake and Mount Brittain for-
4). This change in volcanism is
interpreted in terms of crustal Subduction
thinning during the rifting proc- Oceanic Zone and Back-Arc
Crust Shelf Land
ess, i.e. extended continental to Rift
Island Arc
transitional oceanic crust, re-
spectively.
S ea level
The ambient seafloor envi- O 2 F e lsic M ass iv e B asin al
ronment in the Tetagouche- HS Vo lca nics S ulph id es s edim e nts
2
Exploits basin alternated from
stratified, with anoxic bottom O cea nic C rust
waters during the deposition of Syn-rift
- G an deria n
clastics
regionally extensive Arenig M agm a C ontinent
black shales of the Knights A sthe nosphere
O
Brook, Patrick Brook, Ne- ce
pisiguit Falls and Spruce Lake an A sthe nosphere
formations, to well-oxygenated
ic
C U pw h elin g
during the deposition of Llanvir- ru
st
ian maroon shales and cherts,
and returned to anoxic condi-
tions during deposition of the
Caradocian black shales (Fig. 4;
Goodfellow et al., in press). F ig . 3 . Tecto n ic se ttin g o f the B ath urst M in in g C am p sh ow ing a cla stic
Black shales deposited under sed im en tary syn -rift seq u ence ov erla in by inte rbe d ded blac k sh ale and felsic
anoxic seafloor conditions are v olcanic rock s th at h o st m assive su lp h ide d ep o sits (m o dified fro m v an S taal et
characterized by laminated (non- al., in p ress).
bioturbated) textures, high S/C
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
P e rio d
E poch/
A ge
0 2 00 0 0 4 00 0 1 50 0 30
S ILU RIA N
LL AN D O V ER Y km3 Mt Mt
443 M a
A SH G ILL
449 M a
C AR A D O C
O RDO VICIA N
459 M a
LL AN V IR N
465 M a
A RE N IG
480 M a
T R E M A D OC
490 M a
CA M B RIA N
Fe lds par-p h yric da cite
C aro d ocia n b lack s h ale A lkali basa lt rh yolite flo w s
M a ro on sha le a nd che rt C on tin e nta l th oleiite Q u a rtz-feldsp a r ph yric
da cite -rh yolite flo ws
D ark to bla ck s hale an d an d p yro clastics
S an dsto ne , siltstone an d
siltston e
greyw acke Fe lds par ph yric
da cite -rh yolite flo ws
an d p yro clastics
F ig. 4 . S u m m a ry tim e-c h art o f B M C stratig rap hy, tec to n ic setting s, o re h o rizo n s, a no x ic -ox ic
ev en ts, v o lu m e o f fe ls ic v olc a nic ro ck s, g eo lo gica l re serv es, cu m u la tiv e p rod u c tio n an d n u m be r
o f d ep osits (fro m G o o dfe llow an d M cC utc h eo n , in pre ss).
Exploration and Mining Geology—CIM’s quarterly journal
Issue number 2 for volume 9 (EMG) is now available; the table of contents and abstracts
for this volume can be viewed at the EMG web site.
http://www.cim.org/geosoc/indexEmg.html
Issue number 2, a special issue featuring Great Canadian Ore Deposits, is nearly ready
for distribution. Subscriptions to volume 9 are available to members of MDD at a spe-
cial affiliated rate of $CDN 75/ $US 55.
January 2002 – G angue N o. 72 5
30 mations) (Fig. 5). The Stratmat deposits in the
Flat Landing Brook Formation have generally
20 high Pb + Zn grades, but they are relatively
S tratm at small compared to many other deposits in the
B ound ary R estigou ch e
S tratm at Camp. Gold is preferentially enriched in depos-
R ocky C entral
Turn C aptain Ha lfm ile
its hosted by the California Lake Group com-
B M S #1 2
N orth H S We st K ey La ke pared to those in the Nepisiguit Falls Forma-
10 G rid A n a co n
P b + Z n (w t. % )
BMS
S tratma t
S -1
tion.
S tratm at
N orth
M ain Lead and sulphur isotopes define two
H ead w ay Flat Lan ding Ca rib o u
B rook O rvan He ath S tee le B M S #6 distinct populations of massive sulphide depos-
Taylor
B rook H alfm ile
La ke
B rook A CD -zo n e its. Deposits hosted by the California Lake
5 N orth Group have 206Pb/204Pb ratios that are consis-
He ath S tee le
E -zon e
W edg e
tently higher than those for deposits hosted by
A rmstrong M urra y
He ath S tee le
the Tetagouche Group. /34S values for depos-
P a bin ea u B roo k
3 N ep isiguit
A
A B -zon e its hosted by the California Lake Group aver-
Ca no e
L an d ing S p ru ce La ke F m . age about 8 per mil compared to 15 per mil for
N ep isiguit L ake N e p isig u it Fa lls F m . deposits in the Tetagouche Group.
L ou vico urt B F la t L a n d in g La ke F m .
M o un t B ritta n Fm . The morphology of massive sulfide
Ch es te r
A u stin
C a n o e L a n d in g La ke F m . deposits in the BMC ranges from mounds with
B roo k C le a w a te r F m . low aspect ratios (length:thickness) to tabular
A rmstrong B
1 bodies with high aspect ratios. Three types of
5 6 7 8 9 deposits are recognized on the basis of mor-
10 10 10 10 10
phology, architecture, textures, mineralogy,
To ta l ge o lo g ica l re so u rce s (M t) and metal zoning. Type 1 consists of economi-
cally important tabular bodies (e.g. Brunswick
F ig . 5 . G ra d e v e rsu s to n n ag e fo r m assiv e su lp h id e No. 12 and No. 6, Heath Steele B-zone, Cari-
d ep o sits o f th e B ath u rst M in in g C am p , n o rth ern N e w bou, Halfmile Lake) that are zoned vertically
B ru n sw ic k and laterally from a high-temperature, vent-
proximal, veined and brecciated core to vent-
distal hydrothermal sedi-
ments as follows: 1) vent
O xyge n ate d W ater C olum n complex (Po + Mt + Py +
A nox ic W ater C o lum n Sulphide Cp + Qz ± Sp ± Gn); 2)
Particles Hydrothermal Plum e
bedded ores (Py + Sp +
Iron Gn ± Cp); and 3) bedded
pyrite (Py ± Sp ± Gn).
6HDIORRU F orm ation
6HDIORRU 9HQW
Be dd ed S u lph ides This mineral zonation is
accompanied by the fol-
F els ic tuff
lowing chemical changes:
nZ one Felsic proximal (>Cu, Co, Bi,
Local r a t io volcanics Cu/Cu+Pb+Zn); distal
Seaw ater
A lte (>Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, Cd, Sn,
F a u lt
S ulph id e
R echarge B lack sh ale In, As, Sb, Tl, and Hg;
S trin ger
Im pervious C ap 300oC) and 2) Mg-rich Ch + Ms portant control on the size of individual deposits, since large de-
+ Ab. Volcanic rocks overlying some deposits are also altered to posits in the Brunswick (e.g., Brunswick No. 12 and 6) and Heath
Mg-rich Ch + Ab (Luff et al., 1992; Lentz and Goodfellow, Steele belts formed during a major hiatus in felsic volcanism that
1993). There is also a marked increase of Fe, Mg, CO2, S, Zn, Pb, is represented by interbedded sedimentary and tuffaceous rocks.
Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Hg, and a decrease of Na and Ca near the Other major deposits such as Caribou and Canoe Landing Lake
core; Mg and Na increase and Ca decreases toward the margins deposits are hosted by mostly shale and clearly formed during a
of the outer alteration zones. major break in volcanism, although the Caribou deposit was pre-
Most deposits hosted by the Nepisiguit Falls Formation (e.g., maturely terminated by major volcanism of the Spruce Lake For-
Brunswick No. 12 and 6, Austin Brook, Heath Steele, Key Ana- mation. Smaller deposits such as Restigouche, Chester, Arm-
con) are overlain by Algoma-type carbonate-oxide-silicate iron strong B, Captain North Extension, Devils Elbow and Flat Land-
formations that extend several km from the sulphide deposit ing Brook are hosted by an almost continuous felsic volcanic se-
along mineralized horizons. Within the iron formations, siderite, quence with few major breaks in volcanism and probably formed
magnetite, Fe/Mn, Ba/Al, P/Al, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, proximal to volcanic centers.
Co, Mo, Se, Sb, Sn, In, Tl, and Eu/Eu* increase systematically Based on fluid inclusion salinities (3 and 8 wt .% equivalent
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
1000 with alkali basalts of the Little River and
O r v anB rook
Boucher Brook formations that overlie the fel-
H ea th S te ele
sic volcanic rocks mark a change from reducing
H alfm ile La ke
to oxidizing bottom water conditions. A strong
. hydrothermal signature in these sedimentary
C a ribo u
A rm stro ng A B runs w ick
B runs w ick N o.6 N o. 12 rocks indicates that hydrothermal discharge
F lat Landing B k . continued well after the formation of most of
S tra m at M urra y B ro ok
Sn (ppm )
R oc ky
C an oe Landing
the massive sulphide deposits in the BMC. The
Turn R es tigo uch e
L ake paucity of deposits at this time can be ex-
100 plained by the absence of ambient seawater
K ey A nac on
C he ster H2S to fix hydrothermal metals, and the loss to
C ap ta in
the water column of most of the metals carried
S pruc e Lake Fm .
Nepisiguit F alls Fm . in hydrothermal plumes reflecting sulphide oxi-
F lat Landing Lake Fm . dation and metal dilution.
Ta ylor B rook W edge M ount B rittain F m .
Canoe Landing Lake Fm . There are two possible sources of met-
Cleawater Fm . alliferous fluids that formed the BMC massive
M cM as ter
sulphide deposits - hydrothermal and magmatic
10 fluids. Radiogenic lead isotopes combined with
.1 1 10 100 1000 the high Pb/Pb+Zn ratios indicate a crustal
metal source, consistent with a back-arc conti-
M illion tonne s (M t)
nental rift setting, although it is unclear
F ig. 8 . A ve ra ge tin co nten t o f m a ssive sulphide s ve rsus whether Pb was leached from continental base-
ge olog ical re serve s o f V S H M S d epo sits in the B athu rst M inin g ment, or was released from magmas that were
C a m p (a fter B o yle an d P eter, in press). generated by melting basement rocks. Perhaps
the strongest evidence for a magmatic compo-
NaCl; Goodfellow and Peter, 1999) and temperatures greater than nent in deposits of the BMC is the high positive correlation of Sn
300oC estimated from the pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite vein (and In) with geological reserves (Fig. 8; modified from Boyle &
assemblage (Luff et al., 1992), the hydrothermal fluids that Peter, in press). Gold also correlates positively with tonnage, and
formed several of the massive sulphide deposits in the BMC displays a high positive correlation with Sb and As. If Sn enrich-
formed buoyant hydrothermal plumes (Fig. 6). With continuing ment in large deposits was controlled by hydrothermal processes
fluid discharge, the neutrally buoyant plume would spread later- alone, then it follows that the mineralogy and metal ratios of de-
ally, assuming that there were no major currents in the basin. posits should likewise reflect highly variable fluid compositions
This dispersion process may account for the systematic lateral among deposits. However, this is not the case nor is there any
zonation of minerals and elements in hydrothermal sediments correlation of base metal contents and ratios with deposit size.
associated with massive sulphide deposits along the Brunswick This suggests, therefore, that the large deposits in the BMC are
(Peter and Goodfellow, 1996) and Heath Steele (Peter and Good- associated with high-level magma bodies that have contributed
fellow, in press) belts. Sn, In, Au, As and Sb to the hydrothermal system.
The origin of reduced sulfur is a subject of debate The anatomy of the hydrothermal system that formed the
(Goodfellow and Peter, 1999). However, the similarity of /34S BMC deposits has attributes of both a classic convective cell
values for the Brunswick No. 12 and Caribou massive sulphide driven by a localized heat source proposed for VHMS deposits
deposits and pyrite in host black shales remote from mineraliza- and a permeable hydrothermal reservoir capped by impervious
tion support a common and, therefore, ambient seawater origin sediments envisaged for SEDEX deposits. Because the Bathurst
for most of the reduced sulfur (Goodfellow and Peter, 1996; deposits formed in a continental back-arc rift, their proximity to
Goodfellow et al., in press). Both the Brunswick No. 12 and Cari- continental sedimentary sources ensured that the rift was covered
bou deposits fall on the /34S evolutionary curve for sedimentary by impermeable and thermally insulating fine-grained clastic
pyrite from the Selwyn Basin (Fig. 7), suggesting further that the sediments. These sediments served to seal the hydrothermal res-
sulphur in these deposits originated from the global ocean reser- ervoir, reduced conductive heat loss and focused fluid discharge
voir. A reduced, stagnant water column may have played several at long-lived vent sites. This type of hybrid hydrothermal system
roles that were important to the formation of sulphide deposits in is therefore conducive to the formation of giant deposits and
the BMC. These include: 1) providing a ready supply of biogeni- probably explains why VSHMS and SEDEX deposits are gener-
cally reduced sulfur to fix hydrothermal metals, 2) increasing the ally fewer in number but an order of magnitude larger, on aver-
capture of metals by preventing sulphide oxidation in buoyant age, than massive sulphide deposits hosted by only volcanic
hydrothermal plumes (unlike modern “Black Smokers where rocks.
>90% of the metals is lost to the oxygenated water column), and A second major factor that contributed to the formation of
3) reducing the dispersion of sulphide from vent sites by strong giant deposits is anoxic ambient seawater that provided an unlim-
bottom currents. ited supply of reduced sulphur to fix metals and conditions that
The Llanvirian maroon shales and cherts (Fig. 4) interbedded prevented the oxidation of sulphide particles in buoyant hydro-
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
thermal plumes. This probably explains why most of the giant direct magmatic input of metals, particularly in the case of
Phanerozoic VSHMS (e.g. BMC, Iberian Pyrite, Mount Reed large deposits.
Belt) and SEDEX deposits (e.g. Red Dog, Howards Pass, Anvil
District) formed during periods of global anoxia in the Late Cam- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
brian, Middle Ordovician (Arenig), Late Ordovician-Early Silu- This report is a modified version of an extended abstract in the
rian (Caradoc-Llandovery) and Late Devonian-Early Mississip- North Atlantic Minerals Symposium extended abstracts volume,
pian. GAC/MAC 2001, St. John’s, Newfoundland. I would like to
thank a team of over 30 geoscientists and graduate students from
Conclusions and Implications for Exploration the GSC, New Brunswick DNRE, universities, and industry who
1. The BMC deposits are an economically important sub-group contributed to the EXTECH-II project between 1994 and 1999.
(VSHMS) of volcanic-associated seafloor hydrothermal de- The results of this project have been released in numerous publi-
posits that are typically an order of magnitude larger than cations and the final results will be published in Economic Geol-
massive sulphide deposits associated with only volcanic ogy Monograph 11.
rocks.
2. The BMC deposits share many of the attributes of SEDEX REFERENCES
deposits including large size, metal contents (Zn + Pb + Cu + Arthur, M. & Sageman, B.B., 1994. Marine shales: Depositional
Ag), hydrothermal architecture, anoxic seafloor environment, mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits. Annual
and perhaps ambient sulphur source. Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 22, p. 499-551.
3. Four major hydrothermal events have been recognized in the Barrie, C.T. & Hannington, M. D., 1999. Classification of vol-
BMC. These are from oldest to youngest: 1) Chester, 2) canic-associated massive sulphide deposits, in Barrie, C. T.,
Caribou, 3) Brunswick/Heath Steele, and 4) Stratmat events. and Hannington, M. D., eds., Reviews in Economic Geology,
4. The BMC deposits are commonly associated with laminated v. 8, Society of Economic Geologists, p. 2-10.
black shales and formed when the water column in the Boyle, D. & Peter, J.M., in press.
Tetagouche-Exploits basin was stratified with anoxic and Claypool, G. E., Holser, W. T., Kaplan, I. R., Sakai, H., & Zak,
H2S-rich bottom waters. I., 1980, The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in ma-
5. The massive sulphide deposits probably formed from low- rine sulfate and their mutual interpretation: Chemical Geol-
salinity and high-temperature (>300oC) buoyant hydrother- ogy, v. 28, p. 3-4.
mal fluids. As a result, most of the deposits are vent- Goodfellow, W. D. 1987, Anoxic stratified oceans as a source of
proximal with an underlying sulphide stringer zone and dis- sulphur in sediment-hosted stratiform Zn-Pb deposits
tal sedimentary facies; the massive sulphide bodies are zoned (Selwyn Basin, Yukon, Canada): Chemical Geology, v. 65,
from a high-temperature Cu-rich massive core to a Pb-Zn- p. 359-382.
rich bedded ore facies. Goodfellow, W.D., in press. Geology and genesis of the Caribou
6. The deposits that formed during the Brunswick/Heath Steele deposit, Bathurst Mining Camp, northern New Brunswick, in
hydrothermal event are associated with carbonate-oxide- Goodfellow, W. D., McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds.,
silicate iron formations that overlie the massive sulphides Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp,
and extend for several kilometres from the vent site. These New Brunswick and Northern Maine, Economic Geology
iron formations are mineralogically and chemically zoned Monograph 11.
about the sulphide body, and provide effective vectors for Goodfellow, W.D. & McCutcheon, S.R., in press. Geological set-
locating hydrothermal centres and associated sulphide depos- ting and origin of massive sulfide deposits in the Bathurst
its. Mining Camp- a synthesis, in Goodfellow, W. D.,
7. Most of the reduced sulphur in BMC deposits originated McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds., Massive Sulfide
from an ambient reduced water column. Variations among Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, and
deposits of different age are controlled by the global secular Northern Maine, Economic Geology Monograph 11.
/34S curve for sedimentary sulphate and sulphide. Goodfellow, W.D., Peter, J.M., Winchester, J.A., & van Staal, C.
8. The base metals were probably derived from a combination R., in press. Ambient marine environment during formation
of hydrothermal and magmatic fluids, whereas elements such of massive sulfide deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp:
as Sn, In, Au, As and Sb originated mostly from magmatic importance of reduced bottom waters in metal precipitation
fluids. and sulfide preservation, in Goodfellow, W. D.,
9. The large size of many BMC deposits, and VSHMS deposits McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds., Massive Sulfide
in general, reflects a number of factors including: a) hydro- Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, and
thermal architecture consisting of a hydrothermal reservoir Northern Maine, Economic Geology Monograph 11.
capped by impervious fine-grained sediments, b) prolonged Goodfellow, W. D. and Peter, J. M., 1999. Reply: Sulphur iso-
episodes of hydrothermal activity, c) focussed discharge tope composition of the Brunswick No. 12 massive sulphide
from long-lived vent sites, d) formation during a major hia- deposit, Bathurst Mining Camp, N.B.: implications for ambi-
tus in volcanism, e) anoxic bottom waters that facilitated the ent environment, sulphur source and ore genesis. Canadian
total capture of metals in buoyant hydrothermal fluids, and f) Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 36, p. 127-134.
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
Lentz, D. & Goodfellow, W.D., 1993, Petrology and mass bal- Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 252-283.
ance constraints on the origin of quartz augen schist associ- Peter, J.M. & Goodfellow, W.D., in press. Hydrothermal sedi-
ated with the Brunswick massive sulphide deposits, Bathurst, ments of the Heath Steele Belt, Bathurst Mining Camp, New
New Brunswick. Canadian Mineralogist, v. 31, p. 877-903. Brunswick 3. Application of hydrothermal sediment mineral-
Luff, W., Goodfellow, W. D., & Juras, S. 1992: Evidence for a ogy and mineral and bulk composition to the exploration for
feeder pipe and associated alteration at the Brunswick No. 12 concealed massive sulfide mineralization, in Goodfellow, W.
massive sulphide deposit: Exploration and Mining Geology, D., McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds., Massive Sulfide
v. 1, p. 167-185. Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, and
McCutcheon, S. R., Luff, W. M., & Boyle, R.W., in press. The Northern Maine, Economic Geology Monograph 11.
Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada: history of van Staal, C. R., Wilson, R. A., Fyffe, L. R., Langton, J. P.,
discovery and evolution of geological models, in Goodfel- McCutcheon, S. R., Rogers, N., McNicoll, V., & Ravenhurst,
low, W. D., McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds., Massive C. E., in press, Geology and tectonic setting of the Bathurst
Sulfide Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Bruns- Mining Camp and its relationship to coeval rocks in south-
wick, and Northern Maine, Economic Geology Monograph western New Brunswick and adjacent Maine - a synthesis, in
11. Goodfellow, W. D., McCutcheon, S. R., & Peter, J. M., eds.,
Peter, J. M. & Goodfellow, W. D., 1996. Mineralogy, bulk and Massive Sulfide Deposits of the Bathurst Mining Camp,
rare earth element geochemistry of massive sulphide- New Brunswick, and Northern Maine, Economic Geology
associated hydrothermal sediments of the Brunswick hori- Monograph 11.
zon, Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick. Canadian
International Symposium on Vanadium
Symposium International sur le Vanadium
AUGUST 11-14, 2002
Vanadium is a strategic metal. 90% is used to toughen and strengthen carbon steels, tool
steels, and high-strength low-alloy steel(particularly for pipelines). Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys are being used in the aero-
space industry. Small but growing amounts are used in catalysts and electronics. New uses are continually being discovered for this
metal. An exciting new application is the vanadium redox battery for use as secondary batteries in generating plants and back-up
power sources. It is hoped to include a short course on "Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems and Applications" given by
the inventor of vanadium redox batteries, Prof. M. Skyllas-Kazacos of Sydney, Australia.
Topics
The symposium will cover various aspects of the vanadium industry, including the market for vanadium oxides and ferrovanadium
from the leading global producers, new properties currently being developed, and the latest on new discoveries and emerging mar-
kets. To this end, the organisers are soliciting papers for sessions on: Geology, Mineral processing, Recycling Steel alloys, Non-
ferrous alloys (e.g., Ti-Al-V alloys for the aerospace industry) , Chemical applications (e.g., catalysts, vanadium redox batteries),
Marketing and financing a project related to vanadium.
International Organizing Committee:
Émile Beauchamp: Industry Canada, Montréal, Canada
Jacques A. Boivin: COREM, Quebec, Canada
Robert Bryce: McKenzie Bay, Val d'Or, Canada
C.K. Gupta: Bhabha Atomic Research Center, India
Patrick Houle: Ministère des Ressources Naturelles du Québec, Chibougamau, Canada
Maria Skyllas-Kazacos: UNSW, Sydney, Australia
Jacques Laperrière: Développement Économique Canada, Val d'Or, Canada
James McCann: SOQUEM, Quebec, Canada
Dave Peck (tentative): Falconbridge Ltd.,Winnipeg, Canada
Louis Perron: Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada
John Szabo: Industry Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Mehmet F Taner: Consultant, Ottawa, Canada
André Y. Tremblay: University of Ottawa. Ottawa, Canada
COM 2002, MetSoc & CIM Information:
www.metsoc.org
Abstract Submissions Online:
www.metsoc.org/conferences/com2002/abstract_form.asp
Submission Deadline: January 31, 2002
Other Information, Please Contact:
Dr. Mehmet F. Taner, Consulting Geologist-Mineralogist, 1107 Gablefield Private, Gloucester, ON Canada K1J 1E3; Tel: 613-747-
2862; E-Mail: mftaner@globalserve.net
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
THE GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND MINERAL BENEFICI-
ATION OF PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS
CIM Special Volume 54
Edited by L.J. Cabri
This volume, scheduled for publication in 2002, is a sequel to CIM Special Volume #23 (Platinum-Group Elements: Mineral-
ogy, Geology, Recovery), published in 1981. Special Volume 54 will provide new information and insights on platinum-group
element deposits worldwide in terms of their geological setting, ore controls, mineralogy, geochemistry, mineral processing,
and beneficiation. The volume will be hard-covered, with more than 700 pages including colour plates. Expected contents of
the volume are shown below. Information about this volume, including a prepublication order form, is also available at http://www.cim.org/geosoc.
Introduction ... L.J. Cabri
Sample Preparation and Bulk Analytical Methods for PGE ... E.L. Hoffman and B. Dunn
The Platinum-Group Minerals ... L.J. Cabri
Ternary and Quaternary Phase Systems with PGE ... E. Makovicky
Platinum-Group Element Geochemistry of Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks … J.H. Crocket
The Aqueous Geochemistry of the Platinum-Group Elements with Applications to
Ore Deposits ... S.A. Wood
A Review of Rhenium-Osmium Isotope Geochemistry of Platinum-Group Minerals
and Platinum Mineralization ... K.H. Hattori
Sudbury PGE Revisited: Towards an Integrated Model ... C.E.G. Farrow and P.C. Lightfoot
Platinum-Group Element Deposits in Mafic-Rock Complexes: Examples of Magmatic-
Hydrothermal Cu- and Pd-rich Deposits in Gabbroic Rocks from North America ... D.H. Watkinson, M. Lavigne and P. Fox
Contact-Type and Magnetitite Reef-Type Pd-Cu Mineralization in Ferroan Olivine
Gabbros of the Coldwell Complex, Ontario … C.T. Barrie, A. D. MacTavish, P. C. Wal-
ford, R. Chataway and R. Middaugh
Platinum-Group Element Mineralization in Paleoproterozoic Basic Intrusions in
Central and Northeastern Ontario, Canada … R.S. James, S. Jobin-Bevans, M. Easton, P.
Wood, J.L. Hrominchuk, R.R. Keays, D.C.
Peck
Stratiform and Contact-type PGE-Cu-Ni Mineralization in the Fox River Sill
and the Bird River Belt, Manitoba … D.C. Peck, R.F.J. Scoates, P. Theyer, G.
Desharnais and L.J. Hulbert
Platinum-Group Element Deposits in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa … R.G. Cawthorn, R.K.W. Merkle and M.J.
Viljoen
Platinum-Group Element Distributions in the Rustenberg Layered Suite
of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa S.-J. Barnes and W. D. Maier
Platinum-Group Element Mineralization in the Stillwater Complex, Montana … M.L. Zientek, R.W.Cooper and others
Platinum-Group Element Mineralization of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe … T. Oberthür
The PGE Mineralization of Disseminated Sulphide Ores of the Noril’sk-Taimyr Region. M.Z. Komarova, S.M. Kozyrev, O.N. Si-
monov and V.A. Lulko
The PGE Mineralization of the Monchegorsk Layered Intrusion of the Kola Peninsula … A.V. Dedeev, T.N. Khaschkovskaya and A.
S. Galkin.
Platinum-Group Element Mineralization in Layered Intrusions of Northern Finland
and the Kola Peninsula, Russia … T.Alapieti and J. Lahtinen
Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) Sulphide Deposits in China … M.-F. Zhou, Z.-X. Yang, X.-Y. Song, R.R.
Keays and C.M. Lesher
Alaskan-Type Intrusive Complexes and their PGE Mineralization … Z. Johan
Platinum-Group Minerals (PGM) in Placer Deposits … T.W. Weiser
Komatiite-Associated Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposits … C.M. Lesher and R.R. Keays
Platinum-Group Elements in the Palaeogene North-Atlantic Igneous Province … J.C. Andersen, M.R. Power, and P.
Momme
The Mineralogy and Behavior of PGM During Processing of the Noril’sk-Talnakh
PGE-Cu-Ni Ores … S.M. Kozyrev, M.Z. Komarova, L.N.
Emelina, O.I. Oleshkevich, O.A. Yakov-
leva, D.V. Lyalinov and V.I. Maximov.
Beneficiation of Bushveld Ore … R.K.W. Merkle and A.D. McKenzie
A Review of PGE Metallurgy Highlighting Recent Process Innovations … S. Cole and C. J. Ferron
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
Sustainable Mining in the 21st Century
A Workshop for Geoscientists
In association with and immediately following the CIM Annual Conference and Ex-
hibition Vancouver:
2–3 May 2002
Fletcher Challenge Theatre
SFU at Harbour Centre, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC
Presented by the NUNA 2001 Committee on Sustainable Mineral Resources Development, as an outcome of the NUNA
2001 conference "Future Directions for Canadian Mineral Deposits and Metallogenic Research".
Co-sponsored by:
The Canadian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy (Geological Society)
The Geological Association of Canada (Mineral Deposits Division)
The Canadian Geoscience Council
The Society of Economic Geologists
This two-day workshop will explore the role of geoscientists in the practice of sustainable development in the minerals in-
dustry. Invited and volunteered presentations will discuss:
The concept of sustainability as applied to non-renewable mineral resources;
Sustainable practices in exploration and mining (including exploration for low-impact, high value mineral deposits);
The role of geology and mineralogy in improving efficiency in mineral extraction, and environmental stability in mine
waste disposal;
The concept of total resource utilization, with examples of innovative uses for mined materials.
Following the technical sessions, a plenary session and panel discussion will review and debate possible avenues for the
organization of collaborative research between university, industry, and government scientists.
Provisional Program:
Thursday 2 May, 2002
Morning session: Invited presentations addressing specific topics in sustainable mineral resource development relevant to
geoscientists.
Afternoon session: Volunteered presentations.
Friday 3 May, 2002
Morning session: Review of progress since March 2001 NUNA Conference; Review of strategy options for research net-
working; Plenary discussion, moderated by NUNA 2001 Committee.
Afternoon session: Breakout groups to discuss scenarios/options for the support of collaborative research in sustainable
mineral resources development; Plenary review of breakout group findings; Workshop conclusion: Towards consensus; Busi-
ness meeting (NUNA 2001 Committee).
Call for Papers: Geoscientists, including geologists, geophysicists, mining and environmental engineers, and mineral
processors, are invited to submit half-page abstracts on topics illustrative of the application of scientific research to sustainable
development in the minerals industry. Fifteen papers will be selected for presentation at the workshop.
Abstracts should be submitted to Jeremy Richards (contact details below) no later than March 15 2002
Registration: Registration is required, but there will be no fee. Discounted hotel rates will be available through Simon
Fraser University Harbour Centre.
Please contact Jeremy Richards (details below) by March 29 2002
For details contact: Jeremy P. Richards, Chair, NUNA 2001 Committee on Sustainable Mineral Re-
sources Development, Dept. Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G
2E3
Jeremy.Richards@UAlberta.ca; Tel: (780) 492-3430; Fax: (780) 492-2030
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
CONFERENCE REPORT
New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference (NEIGC)
New Brunswick 2001
This past September (21st to 23rd), the Centennial anniversary of the NEIGC was held in New
Brunswick and eastern Maine and sponsored by the University of New Brunswick and New Brunswick
Department of Natural Resources and Energy. NEIGC is a field trip conference held annually in the
fall over a long weekend (3 days) mainly to introduce undergraduate students, graduate students, academics, government geologists,
and industry to the geology in various parts of the northeastern US and sometimes Canada. The long history of this meeting is a very
interesting read. Details of the NEIGC and the meetings are available on the web. http://kilburn.keene.edu/NEIGC/NEIGC.html
This year over 130 people registered for 18 field trips (6 each day) mainly from New Brunswick, which were offered by people
from the University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Acadia University, and the
Maine Dept. of Environmental Protection. The meeting was organized by David Lentz, with help from his colleagues at UNB & NB
DNRE. Acadia’s participation in this meeting, in particular Sandra Barr, Kelsey Dadd, and Nancy Van Wagoner, was very much ap-
preciated. The Saturday evening
banquet was held under a BIG tent
in a park overlooking the Bay of
Fundy. BBQ’d salmon, boiled lob-
ster, corn, etc. topped off with Celtic
music from a local band made a
memorable evening for this centen-
nial year. The field trip guidebook
(over 300 pages) was edited by Ron
Pickerill and David Lentz (UNB).
The guidebook is available for sale
at UNB. ($24 Cdn, plus $5 P&H)
From: geology@unb.ca
Left: Mount Pleasant caldera &
W-Mo-Sn-In deposit trip group
photo with trip leader (kneeling)
Steve McCutcheon (NB DNRE).
Right: Kay Thorne (UNB gradu-
ate student & Freewest em-
ployee) and Dave Lentz (UNB)
showing one of the trench maps
from Freewest Resources Canada
Limited’s new Clarence Stream
gold deposit, southwestern New
Brunswick.
January 2001 – Gangue No. 72
Right: Fog on the Bay of Fundy off of St. Andrews,
NB during low tide on Sunday morning.
Left: Nepisiguit River out-
crop beside the Key Anacon
base-metal deposit, Bathurst
Mining Camp that was lead
by Cees van Staal and Jim
Walker (third and fourth
from the right respectively).
Right: NEIGC Banquet Saturday evening,
with lobster, BBQ’d salmon, corn, etc. all un-
der the BIG TOP with celtic music to boot!
Many thanks to the UNB undergraduate and
graduate students, especially Kay Thorne, and
Prof. Murray Gingras (UNB) - chef extraordi-
naire and Bruce Broster for all their help put-
ting on, or better pulling off the Saturday
night event.
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
Sedimentary, Magmatic, and Ore-Forming Responses
to Compressional and Tensional Tectonics: A Focus on Africa
CALL FOR PAPERS
Geoconference 2002 Secretariat
P.O. Box 9870, Windhoek, Namibia
Tel: + 264 61 251014 Fax: + 264 61 272032
Website: www.geoconference2002.com
Email: geoconference2002@conferencelink.com.na
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Prof. Ross Large (Director, CODES Special Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia)
"Stratiform sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits: Ore deposit Models and Exploration Criteria"
Dr. Richard H. Sillitoe (Consulting Geologist, UK)
"Iron-oxide-copper-gold deposits: An Andean perspective"
SEG LECTURERS
Dr. Steve Walters (SEG International Exchange Lecturer for 2002; Director, GeoDiscovery Group, Australia)
"An overview of world-class Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits - New lessons from old ore bodies"
Prof. Lluis Fontboté (SEG Regional Vice President Lecturer, Department of Mineralogy, University of Geneva, Switzerland)
"Zn-Pb mineralization in high sulfidation epithermal environments - Examples from Peru"
ALEX DU TOIT MEMORIAL LECTURE
Prof. Bruce Rubidge (Sponsored by The Geological Society of South Africa; Bernard Price Institute, University of Witwaters-
rand, South Africa)
“Re-uniting lost continents - Fossil reptiles from the ancient Karoo and their wanderlust"
VIRUSES & HOAXES
As some of you know, I (Dave) got a bad virus that screwed up my life for a few days this past fall. Unlike most viral infections in
humans, this screwed with my computer operating system etc. Since I’m a ludite at heart and don’t always get the computer services
support I need from the university, I got help (and sympathy) from family and friends. What prompted this wee note is a hoax that
was sent around accidently by a good friend, who is a respected industry consultant now and probably doesn’t always get the com-
puter support he needs either. Anyway, the point is that there are a few great websites dedicated to keeping up with these viruses and
hoaxes, which I have benefited from and have bookmarked just in case it happens again. They track “every” problem out there
and have patches, if you run into the real thing.
Securityresponse.symantec.com
Incidents.org
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
Great benefits with a GAC Student Membership
Free Geoscience Canada and GEOLOG
Free membership for most GAC Specialist Divisions
Discounts on GAC books and other publications
Reduced registration for GAC-MAC meetings, short courses and field trips
Great benefits with a GAC Student Chapter
Eligibility for Student Chapter Grants of $500
Student Chapter links on GAC website
Publication of Student Chapter activities in GEOLOG
Plus much more.
For further information on forming a GAC Student Chapter, check out the website: Www.gac.ca
ANY AND ALL SUPPORT FROM INDIVIDUALS, GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, AND ACADEME IN FOSTERING STU-
DENT INVOLVEMENT IN GEOSCIENCES WILL HELP INCREASE THEIR INTEREST AND INVOLVEMENT IN OUR IM-
PORTANT LEARNED AND PROFESSIONAL GEOSCIENCE SOCIETIES.
GAC SHORT COURSE—SASKATOON 2002
MODERN AND ANCIENT VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDE
(VMS) DEPOSITS: THEIR GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
J.M. Franklin, H.L. Gibson, J.M. Peter, E.S. Schandl and S.D. Scott
2-day seminar and hands-on lab course
Course Fee: $400
Capacity: 50 registrants
Date: May 30 and 31 (post meeting)
"On the ocean floor there are mines of zinc, iron, lead, silver and gold that would be easy to exploit" -
Jules Verne (1870) Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
Volcanogenic massive Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au sulfide (VMS) ores are found in a variety of geological environ-
ments and in rocks of all ages. Because VMS deposits are typically polymetallic, exploration for them has
always been in vogue. The course will concentrate on the tectonic and volcanic settings of VMS, their geo-
logical characteristics, alteration and geochemical haloes as guides to exploration, and on the effects of
metamorphism. As well, hydrothermal activity and sulfide deposits of the modern ocean floor will be dis-
cussed as an aid to understanding the origins of ancient massive sulfides. About half of the time will be
spent in the lab looking at suites of samples, maps and other information from a number of classic deposits
worldwide.
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72
MEETINGS, WORKSHOPS, & FIELDTRIPS
2002
• January 22-25 — Cordilleran Roundup: www.chamberofmines.bc.ca.
• February 25-27 — SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit, Phoenix, Arizona. For Information,
email: sme@smenet.org
• March 10-13 — Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) International
Convention & Trade Show, Toronto, Canada. For Information, email: info@pdac.ca
• April 14-16 — SEG Global Exploration 2002: Integrated Methods for Discovery, Denver, Colorado: www.seg2002.org
• April 17-19 - North East Ontario Prospectors' and Developers' Associations Mining and Minerals Symposium,
Timmins, Ontario. www.porcupineprospectors.on.ca. Contact Andrew Tims, Email: nomex@onlink.net.
• May 12-15 - Mid Canada Mining Corridor Conference, Flin Flon, MB: www.mysterynet.mb.ca/mining
• May 27-29 - GAC/MAC Joint Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, SK: Www.usask.ca/geology
• July 22-24— PACROFI 2002, 8th biennial Pan-American Conference on Fluid Inclusions, Halifax, NS: Www.gov.ns.
ca/natr/meb/pacrofi8/zindex.htm.
• July 22-26 - IAGOD Symposium and Geocongress 2002: Sedimentary, Magmatic and Ore-forming responses to
Compressional and Extensional Tectonics: A focus on Africa. Safari Hotel, Windhoek, Namibia:
www.geoconference2002.
• August 11-14 - Ti-V conference, CIM MetSoc, Montreal, QC: Www.metsoc.org
• August 18-23 - Goldschmidt Conference2002, Davos Switzerland: Www.goldschmidt-conference.com
• September 18 - 20 - Metallogeny of Precambrian Shields, Kyiv, Ukraine. Contact: Dr.V.Guliy, Ukrainian State Geo. Re-
search Institute, 78 Avtozavods'ka str., Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine; Tel./Fax: (380) 44-295-7298; email: guliy@vng.usr.pu.ru
• September 22-25 - Applied Structural Geology for Mineral Exploration and Mining, 2002. Kalgoorlie, Western Aus-
tralia. For information, Julian Vearncombe, email: vearncom@iinet.net.au.
• October 27-30 - Geological Society of America Annual meeting. Denver Colorado: Www.geosociety.org
The Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical
Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting for 2002 is being
hosted by the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon. The
meeting will have technical sessions and field trips of interest to
the whole of the Earth Science community. However, listed
below are those that are being sponsored by the Mineral Deposits
Division and which will be of particular interest to both academic
and industry geoscientists:
Symposia: “Applications of Synchrotron Light Sources to the Earth Sciences”
Special Sessions: “New Insights into Archean Gold Deposits: Yellowknife EXTECH III”, “The Albian-Cenomanian Central
Saskatchewan Kimberlite Field and Relationships to Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin Host Strata”, and “The Athabasca
Basin and It’s Uranium Deposits.”
A “hands-on” Short Course organized by Steve Scott (University of Toronto) on “Modern and Ancient VMS Deposits: Their
Geology and Exploration.”
Field trips: “The Eastern Athabasca Basin and It’s Uranium Deposits”, “Tectonic and Sea-floor Hydrothermal Evolution of the
Paleoproterozoic Snow Lake Assemblage, Flin Flon Belt”, ”Shear-Hosted Gold Occurrences in the Proterozoic La Ronge
Volcanic Belt,Northern Saskatchewan”, and “EXTECH III – The Gold is Out There (Yellowknife Gold Belt).”
This is an open invitation to everybody to attend the conference, and submit abstracts for oral or poster presentations to these
th
sessions or the general session on Economic Geology. The deadline for abstracts is January 15 , 2002. Guidelines for abstract
preparation, conference details, and contact people for the sessions listed above are available at
http://www.usask.ca/geology/sask2002/. For further information on MDD activities at the conference, or field trips, please contact
Kevin Ansdell (kevin.ansdell@usask.ca).
January 2002 – Gangue No. 72