Properties, Patterns, and Models
Sixth Grade through Eighth Grade
Sixth Grade Seventh Grade Eighth Grade
6.7 The student knows that substances have physical and 7.7 The student knows that substances have 8.8 The student knows that matter is
chemical properties. physical and chemical properties. composed of atoms.
6.7 A Demonstrate that new substances can be made when two or 7.7 A Identify and demonstrate everyday examples of 8.8 A Describe the structure and parts of an
more substances are chemically combined and compare the chemical phenomena. atom.
properties of the new substances to the original substances. Including Including
Including • Rusting and tarnishing of metals (oxidation) • Protons
• Evidence of a chemical reaction • Burning of wood • Neutrons
- Color change • Corrosion • Electrons
- Release of gas • Combustibility • Nucleus
- Release of light/heat • Law of conservation of mass and energy • Outer shell/Electron shell/Orbital
o Exothermic shell
o Endothermic - Valence electrons
• Size comparison and location of
subatomic parts
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (table salt)
2Na + Cl2 = 2NaCl
6.7 B Classify substances by their physical and chemical properties. 7.7 B Describe physical properties of elements and identify 8.8 B Identify the properties of an atom.
Including how they are used to position an element on the Including
• Physical properties periodic table. • Mass
- Color Including • Electrical charge
- Shape • Physical properties of elements • Atomic number and atomic mass
- Texture - Density relationship to atomic particles
- Density - Phases of matter • Law of conservation of mass
• Chemical properties o Boiling point • Neutrality
- Reactivity o Melting point • Stable atom=neutral atom
- Burns • Classification of elements • Atomic mass=mass number
- Oxidation - Metals, nonmetals and metalloids
o Rust o Luster
o Tarnish o Conductivity
o Ductile
o Malleable
• Placement on the periodic table
- Atomic number
- Periods
- Groups/families
- Reactivity
7.7 C Recognize that compounds are composed of elements.
Including
• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures
• Compounds in photosynthesis
6.10 The student knows the relationship between structure 7.9 The student knows the relationship between 8.9 The student knows that substances
and function in living systems. structure and function in living systems. have chemical and physical properties.
6.10 Differentiate between structure and function. 7.9 A Identify the systems of the human organism and 8.9 A Demonstrate that substances may react
A Including: describe their functions. chemically to form new substances.
• Structure in living systems has multiple levels of Including: Including
organization. • Skeletal • Lists the four signs of a chemical
- Cells Major bones and structure reaction:
o Animal o Cartilage - Release of a gas
o Plant o Ligaments - Color change
- DNA o Joints - Precipitate formation
- Virus • Muscular - Energy change
- Tissues - Major Muscles
- Organs - Types of muscle fiber
- Organ systems - Tendons
- Ecosystems - How muscles work
- Bacteria • Skin
- Layers
- Function
• Circulatory system
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Parts of the blood
o Plasma
o Erythrocytes
o Leucocytes
• Respiratory system
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Diaphragm
- Lungs
• Digestive system
- Mouth
- Salivary glands
- Tongue
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Liver
- Gall bladder
- Pancreas
- Appendix
- Importance of enzymes
- Anus
• Excretory system
- Kidney
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
• Reproductive system: male and female
- Nervous system
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves (peripheral and central)
- Sense organs
- Endocrine system
- Glands
- Hormones
- Immune system
• Pathogens
• Bacteria and Viruses
6.10 Determine that all organisms are composed of cells that carry on 7.9 B Describe how organisms maintain stable internal 8.9 B Interpret information on the periodic table
B functions to sustain life. conditions while living in changing external to understand that physical properties are
Including environments. used to group elements.
• Cell theory Including: Including
- All organisms are composed of cells. • Stable internal conditions depend on complex • The horizontal rows on the
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in stimulus/response mechanisms that maintain Periodic Table as periods
living organisms. homeostasis. • The vertical columns on the
- Cells come from other cells by cell reproduction. • Changes in metabolism Periodic Table as groups or
• Cell structure and function - Hibernation families
- Cell membrane - Estivation • Explains how elements are
- Cell wall • Regulating body temperature classified in the Periodic Table as
- Nuclear membrane and nucleus - Sweating - Metals
- Cytoplasm - Shivering - Nonmetals
- Organelles - Panting - Metalloids
o Mitochondria
o Chloroplasts
o Vacuole
o Endoplasmic reticulum
o Ribosomes
o Golgi apparatus
• Plant cells differ from animal cells in structure and
function
- Cell walls
- Chloroplasts
- Large vacuoles
• Some organisms exist as single cells
- Bacteria
- Protists
• Cells are adapted for different functions within
organisms.
- Nerve
- Muscle
- Blood
6.10 Identify how structure complements function at different levels 8.9 C Recognize the importance of formulas and
C of organization. equations to express what happens in a
Including chemical reaction.
• Cells Including
• Tissues • Use formulas to represent a
• Organs chemical reaction
• Organ systems - Subscript
• Organisms - Oxidation number
• Populations - Coefficient
- Yields
- Product
- Reactant
• Classify substances as
- Elements
- Compounds
- Mixtures
• Law of conservation of mass
• Write and balance chemical
equations
• Recognize the uses of the
symbols in a chemical equation
• Identify types of reaction
• Synthesis
• Replacement
Decomposition
8.9 D Identify that physical and chemical
properties influence the development and
application of everyday materials.
Including
• Cooking surfaces
• Insulation
• Adhesives
• Plastics
• Classify changes as chemical or
physical
6.12 The student knows that the responses of organisms are 7.12 The student knows that there is a relationship 8.12 The student knows that cycles exist in
caused by internal or external stimuli. between organisms and the environment. Earth systems.
6.12 Identify responses in organisms to internal stimuli such as 7.12 Identify components of an ecosystem. 8.12 Analyze and predict the sequence of events
A hunger or thirst. A Including A in the lunar and rock cycles.
Including • Species Including
• Hunger • Population • Analyze the processes in the rock
• Thirst • Community cycle including
• Fever • Ecosystems and biosphere - Weathering
• Determine which components of an - Erosion
ecosystem are biotic or abiotic - Deposition
- Compaction
- Cementation
- Sedimentation
Heat
Pressure
• Analyze the effects the Lunar
cycle has on the Earth
• Tides
6.12 Identify responses in organisms to external stimuli. 7.12 Observe and describe how organisms including 8.12 Relate the role of oceans to climatic
B Including B producers, consumers, and decomposers live together B changes.
• The presence or absence of heat in an environment and use existing resources. Including
- Shivering Including • Relate the occurrences of
- Panting/sweating • Energy pyramid - El Nino
• The presence of light • Energy web - La Nina
- Pupil dilation • Sun is the energy source that drives an - Hurricanes
• Reflex reactions ecosystem • Rainfall patterns
- Blinking
- Sneezing
6.12 Identify components of an ecosystem to which organisms may 7.12 Describe how different environments support different 8.12 Predict the results of modifying the Earth's
C respond. C varieties of organisms. C nitrogen, water, and carbon cycles.
Including Including Including
• Identify stimulus/response of an organism to the • Biomes • Predict how modifications in these
following: - Animal adaptations cycles would affect human or
- Temperature - Plant adaptations plant life
- Light - Acid rain
- Availability of food - Ozone layer depletion
- Behavior of predators - Greenhouse effect
7.12 Observe and describe the role of ecological succession
D in ecosystems.
Including
• Define succession as the gradual replacement
of populations in a habitat
• Describe stages of succession
- Environmental disturbances
- Primary, secondary and climax
6.13 The student knows components of our solar system. 7.13 The student knows components of our solar 8.13 The student knows characteristics of
system. the universe.
6.13 Identify characteristics of objects in our solar system. 7.13 Identify and illustrate how the tilt of the Earth on its 8.13 Describe characteristics of the universe.
A Including A axis as it rotates and revolves around the Sun causes A Including
• Sun changes in seasons and the length of a day. • Stars
• Planets Including - Life cycle
• Meteorites • Seasons - Use a H-R diagram to analyze
• Comets • Length of daylight and describe a variety of stars
• Asteroids • Galaxies
• Moons - Types of Galaxies
• Compare and contrast the characteristics of
- Location
- Size
- Shape
- Mass
- Temperature
- Composition of atmosphere
- Moons
6.13 Describe types of equipment and transportation needed for 7.13 Relate the Earth's movement and the moon's orbit to 8.13 Explain the use of light years to describe
B space travel. B the observed cyclical phases of the moon. B distances in the universe.
Including Including Including
- Space shuttles • Phases of the moon • Light-year
- Space probes - Waxing Crescent • The speed of light
st
- Rockets - 1 Quarter • Parallax
- Space station - Waxing Gibbous • Doppler shift
- Full Moon
- Waning Gibbous
rd
- 3 Quarter
- Waning Crescent
- New Moon
• Where the moon is in space relative to the
Earth and the sun.
8.13 Research and describe historical scientific
C theories of the origin of the universe.
Including
• The Big Bang Theory
6.14 The student knows the structures and functions of Earth 7.14 The student knows that natural events and 8.14 The student knows that natural events
systems. human activity can alter Earth systems. and human activities can alter Earth
systems.
6.14 Summarize the rock cycle. 7.14 Describe and predict the impact of different 8.14 Predict land features resulting from gradual
A Including A catastrophic events on the Earth. A changes.
• Weathering Including Including
• Erosion • Flooding • Mountain building
• Deposition • Landslides • Beach erosion
• Compaction • Forest fires • Land subsidence
• Cementation • Drought • Continental drift
• Sedimentation • Desertification • Plate tectonics
• Heat and pressure • Tornadoes
• Metamorphic • Volcanoes
• Melting • Hurricanes
• Magma/Lava • Tsunamis
• Sedimentary
• Igneous
6.14 Identify relationships between groundwater and surface water in 7.14 Analyze effects of regional erosional deposition and 8.14 Analyze how natural or human events may
B a watershed. B weathering. B have contributed to the extinction of some
Including Including species.
• Water cycle • Weathering Including
• Porosity • Erosion • Flooding
• Percolation • Deposition • Drought
• Runoff • Soil formation • Volcanoes
• Permeability • Earthquakes
• Water pollution • Global warming
• Recharge zones • Meteorites
• Aquifers • Encroachment
• Springs • Over hunting
• Wells/Artesian wells • Pollution
• Geysers • Conservations
• Water table
• Water use and conservation
6.14 Describe components of the atmosphere, including oxygen, 7.14 Make inferences and draw conclusions about effects of 8.14 Describe how human activities have
C nitrogen, and water vapor, and identify the role of atmospheric C human activity on Earth's renewable, non-renewable, C modified soil, water, and air quality.
movement in weather change. and inexhaustible resources. Including
Including Including • Water pollution
• Describe the layers of the atmosphere. • Destruction of rainforests • Soil pollution
• Describe the factors affecting weather including • Drop rotations • Air pollution
- Coriolis effect • Ozone depletion • Low level ozone
- Fronts • Global warming
- Air masses • Burning of fossil fuels
- Tornadoes • Over population
- Hurricanes • Over fishing
- Thunderstorms • Pollution
• Water cycle