PowerPoint Presentation

							              Chapter 5
         Ancient Greece


“Man is the measure of all
                 things”
             -Protagoras


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          GREEK ART PERIODS
Geometric (c. 800-700 BCE)
Pottery ornamented with geometric decoration.
People and animals are simplified.

Orientalizing (c. 725-650 BCE)
Near Eastern influences on Greek pottery includes
curvilinear decoration and greater emphasis on
narrative.

Archaic (c. 650-480 BCE)
Sculptures include kouros and kore figures.
Pottery includes black and red-figured vase
painting.
Early Classical/Severe (c. 480-450 BCE)
Large, freestanding sculptures with figures shown in
movement. Contrapposto (weight shift) shown for first
time.

Classical (c. 450-404 BCE)
“High Point” of Greek art and architecture. Figures are
idealized with expressionless faces. Proportion and
symmetry are emphasized.

Late Classical/Pre-Hellenistic (c. 404-323 BCE)
Sculptors attempt more difficult, unique poses
for their figures.
Hellenistic (c. 323-146 BCE)
Period initiated by the conquests of Alexander the
  Great. Art of this period encompasses
  extremes, from works that are naturalistic, to
  other pieces that are overly idealized with an
  emphasis on drama, violence and emotionalism.
Greek sanctuaries differ from temples of the
  Egyptians :
• Egyptians dramatized the power of gods
  or god rulers by organizing temples into
  straight, processional ways
• Greeks instead treated each building and
  monument as an independent element to
  be integrated with natural features of the
  site
  Geometric & Orientalizing Periods

• Understand the diverse cultural influences on Greek
  artistic development
• Discuss the representation of the human form
  through different periods of Greek art.




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The Human Figure in Early Greek Art
• Describe the representation of the human form in
  early Greek art.
• Examine Greek religion, mythology, and philosophy
  and their expression in art.




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           GEOMETRIC PERIOD


Geometric (c. 800-700 BCE)
Pottery ornamented with geometric decoration.
People and animals are simplified.

Artists worked in wood, ivory, clay, and cast
  bronze
Hero and centaur
(Herakles and Nessos?),
from Olympia,Greece, ca.
750–730 BCE. Bronze,
4 1/2” high. Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York
(gift of J. Pierpont).

Humans battling centaurs
are a common theme in
Greek
art

Herakles=Hercules in
Roman mythology



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Orientalizing Period (7th century BCE)

Orientalizing (c. 725-650 BCE)
Near Eastern & Egyptian influences on Greek
  pottery includes curvilinear decoration and
  greater emphasis on narrative.
• The pace and scope of Greek trade and
  colonization increased in the near East and
  Egypt during this period.
• What Egyptian and/or near Eastern qualities can
  be observed in the works of Greek art during this
  period?


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Mantiklos Apollo, statuette of a
youth dedicated by Mantiklos to
Apollo, from Thebes, Greece,
ca. 700–680 BCE. Bronze, 8” high.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Mantiklos=the donor
Eye sockets were once inlaid




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Lady of Auxerre, ca. 650–625 BCE.
Limestone, 2’ 1 1/2” high. Louvre,
Paris.

Kore=a maiden or goddess
Korai=plural form

named after the town of her oldest
recorded location

more naturalistic than geometric p.
not wearing headdress-maiden?
Right hand indicates prayer
eyes, lips, hair, drapery painting in
encaustic (pigment with wax)


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  Archaic Period (6th century BCE)

• Notice how representation of the human figure changes
• Recognize the emergence of the Doric and Ionic orders
  of architecture
• Realize the refinement of Greek vase painting and
  differentiate between black-figure and red-figure vases




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Compare Doric and Ionic Orders




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   The Human Figure in Archaic Art

• Understand the development and influences relating to
  the early Greek kouros (male youth)/kouroi (pl.)
• Understand the development and influences relating to
  the kore (maiden)/korai (pl.).
• What culture(s) had a significant influence on the New
  York kouros? How is it uniquely Greek?
• What was/were the purpose(s) of such statues?
• How is the Kroisos figure different from the other
  kouroi?




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Calf Bearer, dedicated by
Rhonbos on the Acropolis,
Athens, Greece, ca. 560 BCE.
Marble, restored height 5’ 5”;
fragment 3’ 11 1/2” high.
Acropolis Museum, Athens.




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  Why did Greek artists render the
  male form in the nude?

Kroisos, from Anavysos, Greece, ca.
530 BCE. Marble, 6’ 4” high. National
Archaeological Museum, Athens.




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  Notice traces of encaustic
  paint on the Peplos Kore. Most
  Greek stone statues were
  painted.

  Notice also that the Peplos Kore
  is clothed.

Peplos Kore, from the Acropolis,
Athens, Greece, ca. 530 BCE.
Marble, 4’ high. Acropolis
Museum, Athens.



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Kore, from the Acropolis, Athens,
Greece, ca. 520–510 BCE.
Marble, 1’ 9” high. Acropolis
Museum, Athens.




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