Chapter 5 Peace on Earth
Learning Objectives
Students will learn how to:
Read about unfamiliar topics by listing
unfamiliar names
Write a fax
Understand and use proper writing formats in
workplace communication
Translate titles
Contribute to the class discussion with more
confidence
Reading 1
Peace and Conflict
Warm-up questions
1. What are the hazards of war?
Warm-up questions
2. What are the possible reasons for war? What should we
do to end the war?
3. What do you know about Sun Tzu and his famous work
The Art of War?
Learning strategy
Reading often presents new ideas,
events and people with unfamiliar
names. It is useful to preview the text
to see if you can learn something about
new topics before beginning to read.
This will help you to understand the
reading more fully, and allow you to
read without interpreting your reading
to look up the unfamiliar names.
Tips on how to cope with unfamiliar names:
Some names can be ignored while others require you to do
some preparatory work.
Pay attention to the logical relations between these names.
Sometimes the author may use different expressions to
refer to the same concept.
When a person’s name appears, their identity should be
made clear, usually with the help of the attributive clauses
and appositives.
A story or an event may involve several places and dates.
When different dates appear, check whether the events take
place in a time sequence.
Reading 1 has some proper names and terms that
might be unfamiliar to you, which are listed in the
following table. Preview the reading, then discuss these with
a classmate and look up the ones you don’t know. Write a
brief description of what they are concerned with.
Proper names & terms explanation
Sun Tzu
The Art of War
strategy
tactics
Gerald Michaelson
CNN
MTV
The History Channel
Yale University
Text analysis & Comprehension
Outline of the text
I. Introduction: Sun
Tzu’s words still have
wide applications
today. (para. 1)
II. Sun Tzu’s main idea: winning without fighting can
be achieved with the right strategy. (para.2-6)
• Para.2: The central thesis of The Art of War _____________.
• Para.3: Why is Sun Tzu’s idea so popular in some American
universities?_________________
• Para.4: What’s strategy and what’s tactics?
_________________
• Para.5 What can lead to peace?____
para.6 What’s the art of facing conflict?____
III. The application of Sun Tzu’s ideas to business and psychology.
(para.7-11)
Para.7 The application of Sun Tzu’s ideas to business.
Para.8 Gerald Michaelson and his book in the business world.
Para.9 Peace is not synomymous with being passive but with
being aggressive or proactive.
Para.10 The application of Sun Tzu’s ideas to psychology.
Para.11 A survey on the importance of vision.
Clovis Stone Tool
IV. Summary: strategic thought and tactical
action can lead to peace. (para.12-13)
After reading activities
Discussion:
What do you think of the status quo of our
traditional culture in modern society? Is it
withering or prospering? What should you do
to promote its development?
Language Study
Twenty-five hundred years ago, Sun Tzu could not
have imagined that his words would find their way
into countless translations and onto the desks of
businessmen, students, politicians, and educators.
(Para. 1)
Paraphrase: When Sun Tzu was living 2,500
years ago, he never could have thought that
today’s businessmen, students, politicians, and
educators would be reading translations of his
writings.
Language Study
Find one’s way into: to come to a place or situation
by chance or without intending to .
☆ He eventually found his way into acting.
☆ Once your noble sentiment finds its way into
your behavior, you will find your life rich with
interest and taste.
Language Study
Engage in:
1.To take part in a particular activity, esp. sth. that takes o lot of
time or effort.
2. To start having a conversation with someone.
3. [+with sb./sth.] formal to make an effort to understand and
deal with someone or sth.
1. He is currently engaged in a dispute with his
former business partner.
2. I tried to engage Gerald in conversation.
3. The PR manager was accused of failing to
engage with the problems of her staff.
Language Study
alike: a. 只能作表语，不能 alike: ad. 要后置
作定语
From the highest
Friends are commander down to
generally alike in the rank and file
background and these men eat and
tastes. dress alike.
Language Study
【辨析】strategy and tactics
Strategy战略，
策略，指全局性
策划与指挥某项
1. What is the team’s strategy for 行动的科学与艺
winning the game? 术。
2. The general planned his tactics Tactics战术，
for the following day’s battle. 手段，指具体地
实施战略或达到
某一特定目标而
采取的行动计划。
Language Study
What makes the distinction between the two is
contact with reality, the moment at which the plan
is put into action. (Para. 4)
Paraphrase: The difference between strategy and
tactics is its relationship with the real practical
world. When you take practical actions to carry
out the plan, this is called tactics.
Language Study
Sun Tzu writes,” he who relies solely on warlike
measures shall be exterminated; he who relies solely
on peaceful measures shall perish.” It’s a matter of
balance and the right combination of thinking and
doing . (Para. 5)
Paraphrase: Sun Tzu believes that, one who depends only
on using violence and war to subdue an enemy will lose, but
one who depends only on peaceful ways and never resorts
to war will also lose. Sun Tzu believes that success depends
on how well one balances warlike and peaceful strategies
and success also depends not only on thinking about doing
something but actually doing it.
Language Study
perish:
1.To die, esp. in a sudden violent way
2. To be lost or destroyed.
3. If rubber or leather perishes, it decays.
1. Thousands perished when the Titanic went down..
2. Without greater public support the arts will perish.
Language Study
He writes,” to subdue the enemy without fighting
is the supreme excellence. Thus, the best policy in
war is to attack the enemy’s strategy.” That is, in
the face of conflict, it is most desirable to find a
peaceful non-confrontational strategy. (Para. 6)
Paraphrase: He wrote that the highest accomplishment
in the art of war is to defeat the enemy without fighting.
Therefore, in order to avoid fighting, the best thing to
do in war, according to him is to attack the enemy’s
plan. That is to say, finding a peaceful strategy that
doesn’t require fighting is the best plan when facing
conflict.
Language Study
【辨析】conquer, defeat, subdue
Conquer: to take control
1. I came. I saw. I of land or people using
conquered. soldiers
2. We were defeated by Defeat: to win over
someone in a war,
3 goals to 2.
competiton, game, etc.
3. Troops were called to Subdue:to defeat or
subdue the rebels. control a person or a group,
esp. by using force.
Language Study
Carve out: 开拓事业，提高地位
She has carved out a place for herself
in the fashion world.
Language Study
In this way is the winner determined before the
battle, reflecting the saying that “the side that wins
will be the side that has already won. (Para. 8)
【句法分析】此句In this way状语前置，运用倒装，
强调先发制人的重要性
Language Study
Actively using strategy and tactics may seem like an
aggressive sort of peace. It is. But peace is not synonymous
with being passive. In applying Sun Tzu’s philosophies,
peace and the maintaince of peace is achieved through
proactive strategizing and tactical maneuvering. (Para. 9)
Paraphrase: In Sun Tzu’s philosophy, peace is not maintained by
doing nothing. Peacekeeping is maintained through constant
application of strategy and tactics, which may seem like an
enforced sort of peace. Peace is aggressively maintained and is
not the same thing as being passive. To apply Sun Tzu’s
philosophy, one must exercise strategies and tactics that will
ensure future peace and its maintaince.
Language Study
be synonymous with: so closely connected with sth.
that the two things appear to be the same.
Wealth is not synonymous with
happiness.
Language Study
maneuver: n. 细心的动作，
巧妙的移动；诡计，花招； maneuver : v.巧妙地移动；用
军事演习 巧妙或不诚实的手段获得
1. You will be asked to
perform some standard
maneuvers during your
driving test. 1. She maneuvered the car
2. These shameful carefully into the garage.
maneuvers were aimed at 2. The new law has left us little
securing his election. room to maneuver.
3. The army is on
maneuvers in the deseert.
Language Study
The same apply to the goal of winning in war and to the
goal of winning in life. Sun Tzu’s philosophy on the art of
war can provide insight into planning strategies and
implementing tactics in achieving personal growth and
goals. (Para. 10)
Paraphrase: Sun Tzu’s philosophy can be applied broadly, as it
not only applies to winning wars, it can also be used to find
success in life. Sun Tzu’s philosophy on the art of war can help us
think clearly and intelligently about the plans and tactics that we
can apply to fulfill our potential and achieve our dreams.
Language Study
In a longitudinal study on goal setting, Yale University
surveyed its 1953 graduating class and found that 3 percent
had a written vision for how they foresaw their lives in the
future. (Para. 11)
Paraphrase: In a long term study on goal-setting that looked at the
same group of people over many years, Yale University
researchers asked the 1953 graduating class some questions and
discovered that 3 percent of the 1953 graduating class had written
down their dreams for what they expected their lives like in the
future.
Assignment
Write an essay with no less than 150 words
based on your own argument about peace
and war.
Reading 2
Mohandas K. Gandhi
Warm-up questions
1. What do you know about Gandhi? What
do you know about Gandhi’s beliefs?
Outline of the text
1. Introduction. (Para.1-2)
2. Early years. (Para. 3)
3. Return to India: Gandhi’s activities in
seeking independence from colonial Britain.
(Para. 4-7)
Outline of the text
1) Gandhi’s respectable position. (Para.1)
2) Gandhi’s central world view and concept.
(Para.2)
Outline of the text
1) Gandhi’s experiences and activities in his
early years. (Para. 3)
Outline of the text
1) 1915-1919 Gandhi’s further development
of satyagraha. (Para.4)
2) During the 1920s, Gandhi continued to
fight for the rights of the lowest Hindu
caste and urged Indias to develop cottage
industries. (Para. 5)
3) Gandhi’s image and personalities. (Para. 6)
4) Gandhi’s death and great accomplishments.
(Para. 7)
Language Study
Mohandas Gandhi is revered by Indians as the founder of
their nation, and also by millions of others as the leading
exponent of nonviolence. He pioneered the use of
nonviolence resistence as both a spiritual and
philosophical approach to life and an intensely practical
technique of achieving political and social change. (Para. 1)
Paraphrase: Indians admire Mohandas Gandhi because he established
India as an independent country and millions of other people admire him
because he is the strongest voice for resolving conflicts in a peaceful and
nonviolent manner. He was the first to use peaceful resistence as a
spiritual and philosophical way of life and he also used peaceful
resistence as a useful way to bring about change in politics and social life.
Language Study
discrimination :
1.The practice of treating one person or group
differently.
2. The ability to recognize the difference between two
or more things.
1. Racial/sexual/sex discrimination.
2. He showed great discrimination in his choice
of friends.
Language Study
attainment: n. attain: v. ; attainable: a.
形近：obtain, sustain, detain, retain
Language Study
He urged that for real success, it is necessary to “reduce
yourself to zero”, that is, to remove the self-will and
striving for personal aggrandizement that so often leads to
arrogance or even tyranny. (Para. 4)
Paraphrase: He stressed that in order to be truly successful,
you must remove the pride, greed, and selfishness that can
lead you to think that you are better than others, or feel that
you want to control everyone else.
Thank You!