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Urinary bladder

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Shared by: Vishaal Bhat
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posted:
12/1/2011
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Congenital Anomalies

Bladder Extrophy

 Developmental failure of

the anterior abdominal

wall

 Bladder exposed to the

outside

 Predisposes to infection

 Adenocarcinoma of

bladder

Cystitis

 Acute & chronic Predisposing factors:

Acute : Female sex: short urethra

 E.coli -90% cases Indwelling catheter

 Proteus, klebsiella Diabetes

Adenovirus Drugs: Cyclophosphamide

Chronic : haemorrhagic cystitis

TB, Schistosoma Parasitic infection:

Schistosoma

haematobium infection

CYSTITIS

Symptoms Diagnosis

 Dysuria  Urine : Pus cells

 Increased frequency, urgency  Dipsticks : nitrite ,leucocyte

 Suprapubic pain esterase +

 Sometimes haematuria  Culture

Diverticula

Congenital Acquired

 - benign prostatic hyperplasia





 Predisposes to stone

formation , infection

BLADDER NEOPLASMS

Benign Malignant

 Transitional cell Papilloma  Transitional cell carcinoma >

 Very common 95%

 Squamous cell carcinoma

 Adenocarcinoma

Urothelial (Transitional cell) tumors



 90% of bladder tumors

 Precursor lesions

 Male, 50-80yrs

 Cigarette smoking

 Occupational exposure to dyes-beta

naphthylamine

 Treatment with cyclophosphamide

 Parasitic infection : Schistosoma haematobium

 ( endemic in egypt, Sudan)

 Chronic NSAID use

4 morphological patterns

Good

prognosis









Papillary – non-invasive Flat – non-invasive









Invasion

of

muscle









Papillary – invasive Flat -invasive

Transitional cell carcinoma



Site :Lateral/posterior

walls





Papillary/nodular/flat



May be multifocal

Transitional cell carcinoma

 Papillary type:

 Papillae lined by

transitional cells

with a fibrovascular

core

Clinical features



 Painless hematuria – most common feature

in > 75% of the cases



 Urgency, dysuria





 Obstruction of urteral orifice :

Pyelonephritis,Hydronephrosis

Squamous cell carcinoma

 Usually in a chronic infection with Schistosoma

haematobium infection

 Chronic irritation…. Squamous

metaplasia….dysplasia….squamous cell carcinoma



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