What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Introduction to NATO
What is NATO?
What does NATO do?
How does NATO work?
1
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
WHAT IS NATO ?
A political and military organization
Member countries
Sharing common values
The principle of collective defence
Comprehensive vision of security
Maintaining the transatlantic link
2
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
A political and military organization
A political and military
organization
Member countries
A political organization
Sharing common
values
A military organization
The principle of
collective defence
A comprehensive “NATO’s fundamental role and enduring purpose is
vision of security to safeguard the freedom and security of its
member countries by political and military means.”
Maintaining the
transatlantic link
3
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
A political and military organization
A political and military
organization
A political organization
Member countries reinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict
Sharing common
values
DIALOGUE /
DIPLOMACY
CONSENSUS
The principle of
collective defence
A comprehensive
vision of security COOPERATION
Maintaining the
transatlantic link
next
4
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
A political and military organization
A political and military
organization
A military organization
Member countries when diplomatic efforts fail
Sharing common
values
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
COLLECTIVE DEFENCE
OPERATIONS
The principle of
collective defence
A comprehensive MAINTAINING
vision of security ADEQUATE MILITARY
CAPABILITIES
Maintaining the
transatlantic link
previous
5
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
28 Member countries
A political and military
organization 1949 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States
Member countries
1952 Greece, Turkey
Sharing common
values 1955 Germany
The principle of 1982 Spain
collective defence
1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
A comprehensive
vision of security
2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia
Maintaining the
transatlantic link 2009 Albania, Croatia
6
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Sharing common values
A political and military
organization
Member countries Democracy Freedom
Sharing common
values
Solidarity Rule of law
The principle of
collective defence
Well-being Individual liberty
A comprehensive
vision of security
Maintaining the Peace and
Common heritage
transatlantic link stability
7
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
The principle of collective defence
A political and military
organization
Article 5 – Washington Treaty
Member countries
An armed attack against one or more members considered as an
Sharing common attack against all
values
The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter
The principle of
collective defence
A comprehensive Operate when and where necessary to fight
vision of security terrorism
Maintaining the No geographic limitation – foreign ministers
transatlantic link at Reykjavik, May 2002
8
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
A comprehensive vision of security
A political and military
organization
The Alliance’s Strategic Concept (2010)
Member countries
Collective defence
Sharing common - Art. 5, the bedrock of the Alliance
values
The principle of Crisis Management
collective defence - address the full spectrum of crises – before, during &
after conflicts
A comprehensive
vision of security
Cooperative Security
Maintaining the - partnerships
transatlantic link - arms control, non-proliferation disarmament
- enlargement
9
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Maintaining the transatlantic link
A political and military
organization
Linking North America and Europe
Member countries
Sharing common
values A unique security partnership
and forum for strategic security discussions
The principle of
collective defence
A comprehensive
vision of security
Maintaining the
transatlantic link
10
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
WHAT DOES NATO DO?
Helps to create a stable environment
Welcomes new members
Forges partnerships
Leads crisis management operations
Combats existing and emerging threats
Develops military capabilities
11
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Helps to create a stable environment
Helps to create a
stable environment
Welcomes new
members Stimulates consultation
Forges partnerships
Promotes dialogue and cooperation
Leads crisis
management Prevents conflicts through diplomacy
operations
Combats existing and Provides security to rebuild post conflict areas
emerging threats
Develops military
capabilities
12
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Welcomes new members
Helps to create a
stable environment
Article 10 Washington Treaty
Welcomes new « The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any
members other European State in a position to further the
principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security
Forges partnerships of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. […] »
Leads crisis
management NATO’s open-door policy
operations
An ongoing process
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Membership Action Plan
Develops military
capabilities
13
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Welcomes new members
Membership Programme to help aspiring Partner countries
Action Plan
- meet NATO standards
- prepare for possible future membership
Currently:
- the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia *
- Montenegro
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
(pending progress on key defence reform)
*Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.
14
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Helps to create a
stable environment Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Welcomes new Partnership for Peace programme
members
NATO-Russia relations
Forges partnerships
NATO-Ukraine relations
Leads crisis NATO-Georgia relations
management
operations Mediterranean Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation Initiative
Combats existing and
emerging threats Working with other international organizations
Develops military Partners across the globe
capabilities
15
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council Multilateral forum for security dialogue and cooperation
Partnership for Peace 50 members: 28 NATO Allies + 22 Partners
NATO-Russia Political framework for:
NATO-Ukraine
- multilateral cooperation with non-members in the Euro-Atlantic area -
NATO-Georgia - bilateral relations with individual Partners under Partnership for
Peace
Mediterranean
Dialogue Euro-Atlantic Partnership Work Plan
Istanbul Cooperation Regional security issues, arms control and non-proliferation,
Initiative terrorism and new security challenges, crisis management, defence
reform, defence planning, disaster-preparedness and response,
Other international science and environment, etc.
organizations
Partners across the
globe
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What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
Established in 1994 - currently 22 partners
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Russia
NATO-Ukraine
Cooperation programmes
NATO-Georgia
Mediterranean
Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
Other international
organizations
Partners across the
globe
17
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
22 Partners
Partnership for Peace
Armenia Georgia Montenegro Ukraine
NATO-Russia
Austria Ireland Russia Uzbekistan
NATO-Ukraine
Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Serbia the former
NATO-Georgia Yugoslav Republic
Belarus Kyrghyz Sweden of Macedonia*
Mediterranean Republic
Dialogue Bosnia and Switzerland
Herzegovina Malta
Istanbul Cooperation Tajikistan
Initiative Finland Republic of
Moldova Turkmenistan
Other international
organizations *Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.
Partners across the
globe previous
18
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council Key areas of practical cooperation
Partnership for Peace
Individual Partnership Programmes
NATO-Russia
NATO-Ukraine Individual Partnership Action Plans
NATO-Georgia Planning and Review Process
Mediterranean
Dialogue
Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism
Istanbul Cooperation Partnership for Peace Trust Funds
Initiative
Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building
Other international
organizations
Education and Training for Defence Reform
Partners across the
globe previous
19
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Individual Partnership Key areas of practical cooperation
Programmes
Individual Partnership Defence reform and modernization of armed forces
Action Plans
Planning and Review
Process
Capabilities for multinational crisis-management
Partnership Action Plan operations
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace Terrorism and new security challenges
Trust Funds
Partnership Action Plan Disaster-preparedness and response
on Defence Institution
Building
Scientific and environmental cooperation
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
20
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Activities drawn from wide range of areas identified
Individual Partnership
Programmes in Euro-Atlantic Partnership Work Plan
Individual Partnership Defence policy and planning
Action Plans
Civil-military relations
Planning and Review
Process Education and training
Partnership Action Plan Air defence
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace Communications and information systems
Trust Funds Crisis management
Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution Civil emergency planning
Building
Civil science
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
Two-year programmes
21
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Opportunity for deeper cooperation with NATO
Individual Partnership
Programmes Specific advice on defence and security
Individual Partnership Assistance with domestic reforms
Action Plans
Planning and Review Consultations on sensitive issues
Process
Partnership Action Plan Two-year plans
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace Currently: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Trust Funds
Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Montenegro
Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution Republic of Moldova
Building
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
22
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Open to all Partners on a voluntary basis
Individual Partnership
Programmes
Identifies and evaluates forces and capabilities for NATO-
Individual Partnership
led training, exercises and operations
Action Plans
Planning and Review Guides and measures defence and military progress in
Process
participating Partner countries
Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism
Provides a planning mechanism for Partner countries
Partnership for Peace
Trust Funds
that are also European Union (EU) members
Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
Countries that wish to join NATO must participate in
Building PARP
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
23
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on
Individual Partnership terrorism
Programmes Improved intelligence-sharing
Individual Partnership
Action Plans Cooperation in border security
Planning and Review Training and exercises
Process
Development of capabilities
Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism Supports destruction of surplus munitions and small arms
Partnership for Peace and light weapons
Trust Funds
Partnership Action Plan Defines partnership roles and instruments to fight
on Defence Institution
Building terrorism
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
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What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Projects led by NATO and Partner country funded
Individual Partnership
Programmes by voluntary contributions
Individual Partnership
Action Plans Assist in safe destruction of
Planning and Review Stock-piled anti-personnel mines
Process
Partnership Action Plan
Other stock-piled munitions
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace Support defence reform projects
Trust Funds
Partnership Action Plan Some 25 projects since establishment in 2000
on Defence Institution
Building
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
25
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Help reform and restructure defence institutions to
Individual Partnership meet domestic and international needs
Programmes Define common objectives
Individual Partnership
Action Plans
Exchange information
Planning and Review Help tailor bilateral defence assistance programmes
Process
Partnership Action Plan
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace
Objectives include
Trust Funds Democratic control of defence activities
Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
Civilian participation in developing security policy
Building Transparency and accountability
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
26
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Partnership for Peace:
Practical cooperation
Aims to help interested Partner countries
Individual Partnership
Programmes implement the Partnership Action Plan for Defence
Individual Partnership Institution Building
Action Plans
Planning and Review
Process
Partnership Action Plan A network of educational institutions developed in
Against Terrorism
Partnership for Peace
NATO and Partner countries to support this effort
Trust Funds
Partnership Action Plan
on Defence Institution
Building
Education and Training
for Defence Reform
27
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
NATO-Russia Council
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Russia - Established by Rome Declaration (2002)
NATO-Ukraine
- Builds on “Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation
NATO-Georgia and Security between NATO and the Russian
Mediterranean Federation” (1997)
Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative Practical cooperation
Other international
organizations
Partners across the
globe
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What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
NATO-Russia relations:
Rome Declaration Rome Declaration (2002) on “NATO-Russia
Founding Act relations: a new quality”
Practical cooperation
New impetus and substance to relations
Establishes the NATO-Russia Council (NRC)
- 29 NRC members : equal partners
- NRC replaces previous NATO-Russia Permanent Joint
Council
29
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
NATO-Russia relations:
Rome Declaration The Founding Act on Mutual Relations,
Founding Act Cooperation and Security between NATO and the
Practical cooperation Russian Federation (1997)
“ NATO and Russia do not consider each other as
adversaries ”
Wide agenda of topics for cooperation
Establishes the NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council
(replaced by NATO-Russia Council 2002)
30
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
NATO-Russia relations:
Rome Declaration Cooperation on
Founding Act Terrorism and new threats and challenges
Practical cooperation
Crisis management
Afghan counter-narcotics training
Non-proliferation
Arms control and confidence-building measures
Theatre missile defence
Military-to-military cooperation and defence reform
Civil emergencies
31
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic NATO-Ukraine Commission (NUC)
Partnership Council
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the
NATO-Russia North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Ukraine (1997)
NATO-Ukraine
NATO-Georgia Practical cooperation in a wide range of areas under Annual
National Programme
Mediterranean
Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation Key priorities:
Initiative
- defence and security reform
Other international
organizations - support for NATO-led crisis management operations
Partners across the
globe
32
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
NATO-Georgia relations:
Discusses security issues of common interest
NUC
Charter
Directs practical cooperation
Adopts Annual National Programme (ANP)
Established by the NATO-Ukraine Charter (1997)
33
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
NATO-Georgia relations:
NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership
NUC
between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Charter
and Ukraine (1997)
Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian
sovereignty
independence
territorial integrity
democratic development
economic prosperity
status as a non-nuclear weapons state
34
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
NATO-Georgia Commission
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Russia
- Serves as forum for political consultations
NATO-Ukraine
NATO-Georgia - Directs practical cooperation under Annual
Mediterranean
National Programme
Dialogue
- Underpins Georgia’s reform efforts to help
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative country achieve its aspirations for
Other international
membership in NATO
organizations
- Established in September 2008
Partners across the
globe
35
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
Initiated in 1994 – currently 7 participants
Partnership for Peace
Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
NATO-Russia
NATO-Ukraine
NATO-Georgia
Mediterranean Cooperation Group
Mediterranean
Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
Annual work programmes
Other international
organizations
Partners across the
globe
36
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
Partnership Council
Initiated in 2004 – currently 4 participants
Partnership for Peace
Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates
NATO-Russia
NATO-Ukraine
NATO-Georgia
Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Group
Mediterranean
Dialogue
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative
Annual work programmes
Other international
organizations
Partners across the
globe
37
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Euro-Atlantic
partnership council
United Nations
Partnership for Peace
NATO-Russia European Union
NATO-Ukraine
Organization for Security and Co-operation in
NATO-Georgia
Europe
Mediterranean
Dialogue Council of Europe
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative African Union
Other international
organizations Non-governmental organizations
Partners across the
globe
38
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Other international
organizations:
Active cooperation on maintaining international peace
and security since early 1990s
NATO-UN Relations
NATO-UN Declaration (September 2008)
framework for expanded consultation and cooperation between the
two organizations
Consultation and cooperation in wide range of areas
crisis management, civil-military cooperation, mine action, civil
emergency planning, arms control and non-proliferation, terrorism and
new security challenges, combating human trafficking and promoting
the role of women in peace and security
39
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Forges partnerships
Other international
organizations:
NATO-EU relations
1994: European Security and Defence Identity
1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept
2001: Beginning institutionalized relations
2003: Berlin Plus Package
Basis for practical cooperation in crisis management
40
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Forges partnerships
Bilateral relations with partners across the globe that
Euro-Atlantic are not part of formal partnership structures
partnership council
Partnership for Peace
Different degrees of cooperation:
NATO-Russia
NATO-Ukraine - Sharing common values and strategic concerns, deepening relations
with NATO and cooperating in areas of common concern
NATO-Georgia (e.g. Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea)
Mediterranean
Dialogue - Developing consultation and cooperation in specific areas
(e.g. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq)
Istanbul Cooperation
Initiative - Developing a dialogue with NATO and being informed of it's agenda
(eg. China and India)
Other international
organizations
Partners across the
globe
41
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Leads crisis management operations
Helps to create a
stable environment
Crisis management operations and missions
Welcomes new Afghanistan
members Kosovo
Iraq
Forges partnerships
The Mediterranean
Gulf of Aden
Leads crisis
management Support to African Union
operations Previous Balkan operations
Combats existing and Civil emergency planning
emerging threats Refugee crises, forest fires, floods, earthquakes (Pakistan 2005)
Develops military
capabilities
42
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
International Security Assistance Force
ISAF – NATO-led since Aug. 2003
NATO in Afghanistan Establish secure environment in Kabul and
NATO in Kosovo provinces under UN mandate
NATO in Iraq
The Mediterranean
Gulf of Aden Provincial Reconstruction Teams
NATO and Africa PRTs
Previous Balkan Help reconstruction work in provinces – provide
operations security for aid workers
Transition phase
Afghans to take lead for their own security
Estimated time-line 2011-2014
43
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force
KFOR – June 1999
NATO in Afghanistan
NATO adjusts force posture to a deterrent presence -
NATO in Kosovo
2009
NATO in Iraq
The Mediterranean
UN Security Council Resolution 1244
Gulf of Aden
NATO and Africa
June 1999
Previous Balkan
operations
NATO air campaign against Serb forces
Operation Allied Force
24 March – 10 June 1999
44
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
NATO in Afghanistan NATO Training Mission Iraq (NTM-I) - 2004
NATO in Kosovo
NATO in Iraq Trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
The Mediterranean
Gulf of Aden
Coordinates offers of equipment and training from
NATO and Africa
individual NATO and Partner countries
Previous Balkan
operations
Niche training options developed
45
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
NATO in Afghanistan Operation Active Endeavour
NATO in Kosovo
Article 5 operation launched October 2001 in
NATO in Iraq
Mediterranean to help detect, deter and protect
The Mediterranean
against terrorist activity
Gulf of Aden
NATO and Africa Since March 2004, extended to whole of
Previous Balkan Mediterranean
operations
January 2010: shift from a platform-based to a
network-based operation
46
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
NATO in Afghanistan Counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden and
NATO in Kosovo off the horn of Africa
NATO in Iraq
The Mediterranean
Gulf of Aden
NATO and Africa
Support humanitarian efforts
Previous Balkan
operations
Protect vital sea lines of communication and
economic interests
47
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
Logistical & planning support provided to AU
NATO in Afghanistan
Mission in Somalia
NATO in Kosovo
NATO in Iraq
The Mediterranean NATO support to African Standby Force (ASF)
Gulf of Aden brigades – September 2007
NATO and Africa
Previous Balkan
operations
Logistical support provided to African Union
Mission in Sudan – June 2005 to December 2007
Assistance offered to follow-on UN-AU hybrid mission in
Sudan
48
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Leads crisis management
operations and missions
NATO in Afghanistan Bosnia and Herzegovina
NATO in Kosovo NATO-led implementation force
NATO in Iraq IFOR (1995) – UNSCR 1031
The Mediterranean NATO-led stabilisation force
Gulf of Aden SFOR (1996 – 2004) – UNSCR 1088
NATO and Africa
Succeeded by EU-led Operation Althea
Previous Balkan
operations
December 2004
3 short-term military operations in the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* (2001-2003)
* Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
49
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Leads crisis management operations
Helps to create a
stable environment
Types of crisis management operations
Welcomes new
members
Forges partnerships
Article 5
Operation Active Endeavour
Leads crisis Non-Article 5
management NATO operations in Afghanistan
operations
Assistance to Partners
Combats existing and e.g., the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia *
emerging threats
Develops military
capabilities * Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name
previous
50
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Leads crisis management operations
Helps to create a
stable environment
Civil Emergency Planning
Welcomes new
members
Forges partnerships 1. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center –
NATO HQ
Leads crisis
management
operations 2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit
A deployable unit
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Develops military
capabilities
previous
51
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Civil Emergency Planning
Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Role
Response Coordination Coordinate responses to disasters, in consultation with
Centre
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Unit Focal point for information sharing
Maintain liaison with UN-OCHA, EU and other
organizations
Origins
Established in 1998 on initiative of Russia
52
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Leads crisis management and operations
Civil Emergency Planning
Non-standing, multinational mix of national civil
Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Coordination and military elements volunteered by members
Centre and partners
Euro-Atlantic Disaster
Response Unit
Deployed for major natural or technological
disaster
Size and composition determined by each
particular disaster
previous
53
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Combats existing and emerging threats
Helps to create a
stable environment
Welcomes new
members Missile defence
Forges partnerships
Terrorism
Spread of weapons of mass destruction
Leads crisis Cyber defence
management
operations Energy security
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Develops military
capabilities
54
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Combats existing and emerging threats
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Missile defence
Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system to
Terrorism protect troops
Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative Missile defence for protection of NATO territory &
(1999) populations in Europe
Cyber defence
Missile defence cooperation with Russia
55
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Combats existing and emerging threats
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Missile defence Operation Active Endeavour (2001)
Terrorism
International Security Assistance Force (2003)
Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative
(1999)
Terrorist threat Intelligence Unit (2005)
Cyber defence AWACS Surveillance missions
Increased cooperation with Partners, international
organizations and global partners
Adapted military capabilities (e.g. Programme of Work for
Defence Against Terrorism)
Science for Peace and Security Programme
56
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Combats existing and emerging threats
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Missile defence Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative (1999) aims to
Terrorism
Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative Increase debate and understanding of WMD issues
(1999) Improve intelligence and information sharing
Cyber defence Increase awareness of proliferation issues
Enhance military readiness to counter WMD threats
Exchange information on national programmes for bilateral WMD
destruction and assistance
Enhance possibilities for Allies to assist one another in the
protection of civil populations
Leads to creation of WMD Centre, 2000
57
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Xtra Combats existing and emerging threats
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Missile defence 2008 Cyber defence policy
Terrorism - coordinating & advising on cyber defence
Weapons of Mass
Destruction Initiative
(1999)
Principal activities:
Cyber defence
- assisting individual Allies
- research & training: Centre of Excellence, Tallinn,
Estonia
- cooperation with partners
58
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Helps to create a
stable environment
Smaller, more flexible and mobile forces
Welcomes new
members Lisbon Capabilities Package (2010)
Forges partnerships
NATO Response Force (NRF)
Reforming the military command structure
Leads crisis Reforming the defence planning process
management
operations Alliance Ground Surveillance planning process
Missile defence
Combats existing and
emerging threats
Develops military
capabilities
59
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Lisbon Capabilities Package (2010)
NATO Response Force
(NRF)
Military command Meet current priority shortfalls for operations
structure
Deal with evolving & emerging threats
Reform of the defence
planning process
Critical long-term enabling capabilities for
Alliance Ground operations (counter-IEDs, strategic airlift, …)
Surveillance (AGS)
Missile defence
60
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package (2010) Multinational joint force held at high readiness
NATO Response Force
NATO Response Force
(NRF)
(NRF)
Deployable after five days’ notice and sustainable for 30
Military command days and more if re-supplied
structure
Reform of the defence
planning process
Article 5 and non-article 5 missions
Alliance Ground
Surveillance (AGS)
Missile defence
61
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Three tiers command
NATO Response Force
Strategic level:
(NRF) change from geographical to functional division of
responsibilities
Military command
structure – Reform
Reform of the defence Operational level:
planning process from 7 to 5 HQs + further reductions
Alliance Ground Tactical or component level:
Surveillance (AGS)
from 13 to 6 HQs + further reductions
Missile defence
62
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Defence planning process:
an instrument to ensure that members generate the
NATO Response Force necessary capabilities to fulfil NATO missions
(NRF)
Military command Aim:
structure – Reform
- to be more flexible, responsive and coordinated
Reform of the defence
planning process
- to seek greater harmonization and integration or
Alliance Ground national defence planning activities
Surveillance (AGS)
Missile defence
63
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system
NATO Response Force Detect and track vehicles moving on or near the
(NRF)
ground
Military command
structure – Reform Multinational cooperative effort – 15 participating
Reform of the defence countries
planning process
Alliance Ground Alliance Ground Surveillance Agency - 2009
Surveillance (AGS)
Missile defence
64
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Develops military capabilities
Lisbon Capabilities
Package 2010 Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system to
protect troops
NATO Response Force
(NRF)
Missile defence for protection of NATO territory &
Military command populations in Europe
structure – Reform
Reform of the defence Missile defence cooperation with Russia
planning process
Alliance Ground
Surveillance (AGS)
Missile defence
65
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
How does NATO work?
1. Consensus decision-making
2. Civil and military structure
3. Delegations
4. Main bodies
5. NATO Secretary General
6. International Staff
7. International Military Staff
8. Military command structure
9. Agencies
10. Paying for NATO
66
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Consensus decision-making
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure
Delegations An inter-governmental
organization where
Main bodies
decisions are taken jointly
NATO Secretary General by each member country
International Staff
International Military Staff Principle of consensus
applied at every
Military command structure committee level
Agencies
Paying for NATO
67
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Civil and military structure
Consensus decision- National Authorities
making
Permanent Representatives Military Representatives
Civil and military structure (Ambassadors to NATO) to NATO
Delegations
North Atlantic Nuclear Planning
Main bodies Council (NAC) Group (NPG)
NATO Secretary General Military Committee
(MC)
International Staff
International Military Staff
International Military Staff Committees
subordinate to the Secretary General Strategic Commands
Council and NPG
Military command structure
International Staff
Agencies Allied Command Allied Command
Operations Transformation
Paying for NATO
68
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Delegations
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure A national delegation per member country at
NATO HQ, Brussels
Delegations
Main bodies
NATO Secretary General
Status of an Embassy
International Staff
International Military Staff
Headed by an Ambassador or
Military command structure Permanent Representative
Agencies
Paying for NATO
69
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Main bodies
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure North Atlantic Council
Delegations
Main bodies Nuclear Planning Group
NATO Secretary General
International Staff Military Committee
International Military Staff
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
70
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Main bodies
North Atlantic Council
Nuclear Planning Key political decision-making body
Group
Military Committee Forum to discuss policy and operational questions
Chaired by Secretary General
Meets at different levels
Established by Article 9 of Washington Treaty
Authority to set up subsidiary bodies
71
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Main bodies
North Atlantic Council
Nuclear Planning Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy
Group
issues
Military Committee
Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of
changing security environment
All members except for France
Chaired by NATO Secretary General
Meets at different levels
72
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Main bodies
North Atlantic Counci
Nuclear Planning Senior military advisory authority
Council
Military Committee Under authority of NAC and NPG
Provides guidance to two strategic commanders
Meets at different levels
Chairman selected by Chiefs of Staff for
three-year term
73
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
NATO Secretary General
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Chairman of NATO’s senior committees and
decision facilitator
Delegations
Main bodies
NATO Secretary General Spokesperson
International Staff
International Military Staff
Head of International Staff
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
74
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
International Staff
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Advisory and administrative body
Delegations
Main bodies
Supports work of Delegations
NATO Secretary General
International Staff
International Military Staff Divided into divisions
Military command structure
Agencies
Staffed by nationals from member countries
Paying for NATO
75
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
International Staff
Consensus decision- Secretary
making General
Senior Resource Civil and Military International Board
Board Budget Committees Deputy Secretary of Auditors
Civil and military structure General
Delegations
NATO Office of
Main bodies Security
Executive
Management
NATO Secretary General
Division
International Staff
Office of
International Military Staff the Financial
Office of Resources Controller
Military command structure
Agencies
Emerging Political Affairs
Security and Defence Policy Public Defence
Operations
Paying for NATO Challenges Security Policy and Planning Diplomacy Investment
Division
Division Division Division Division Division
previous
76
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
International Military Staff
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Advisory and administrative body
Delegations
Main bodies
Supports work of Military committee
NATO Secretary General
International Staff
International Military Staff Divided into divisions
Military command structure
Agencies
Staffed by nationals from member countries
Paying for NATO
77
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
International Military Staff
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Financial Controller
Public Information
Delegations Advisor
Director (DIMS)
Main bodies Legal Officer
Executive
Coordinator
NATO Secretary General Personnel
Support Activities
International Staff
International Military Staff
SITCEN
Military command structure
Agencies
Cooperation Logistics
Plans
Paying for NATO Intelligence Operations & Regional Armaments &
& Policy NHQC3S*
Division Division Security Resources
Division
Division Division
previous * The NATO HQ Consultation, Command & Control (C3) Staff
78
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Military command structure
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Allied Command Operations (ACO)
NATO operations
Delegations
Main bodies
NATO Secretary General Allied Command Transformation (ACT)
Alliance transformation
International Staff
International Military Staff
Military command structure Reform ongoing
Agencies
Paying for NATO
79
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Military Command Structure
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure
Delegations
Main bodies
NATO Secretary General
International Staff
International Military Staff
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
previous
80
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Military Command Structure
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure
Delegations
Main bodies
NATO Secretary General
International Staff
International Military Staff
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
previous
81
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Agencies
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Production and logistics
Delegations Standardization
Main bodies
Communications
NATO Secretary General
Research
International Staff
International Military Staff Other agencies and organizations
Military command structure Project offices
Agencies
Paying for NATO
Reform ongoing
82
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Paying for NATO
Consensus decision-
making
Civil and military structure Indirect contributions
Delegations
Main bodies
Direct contributions - principle of common funding
NATO Secretary General Civil budget
International Staff Military budget
NATO’s Security Investment Programme
International Military Staff
Military command structure
Agencies
Paying for NATO
83
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Paying for NATO
Civil budget
Military budget Operating costs of the International Staff
NATO’s Security
Investments Civilian programmes
Programme
Running costs of HQ facilities
Conference services
Meetings of NATO committees
Security services
84
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Paying for NATO
Civil budget
Military budget Operating and maintenance costs of the
NATO’s Security international military structure
Investments Military Committee
Programme
International Military Staff
Agencies
Two strategic commands and associated command,
control and information systems
Research and development agencies
NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force
Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command
structures
85
What is NATO? What does NATO do? How does NATO work?
Paying for NATO
Civil budget
Military budget Major construction and system Investments that
NATO’s Security exceed national defence requirements of individual
Investments member countries
Programme
Communications and information systems
Radar
Military HQ
Airfields
Fuel pipelines and storage
Harbours
86