From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia News media
News media
Online · Opinion
Peace · Photojournalism
Scientific · Visual · Watchdog
Social impact
Fourth Estate
Freedom of the press
Infotainment · Media bias
Public relations
Press service
Yellow journalism
News media
Newspapers · Magazines
Electronic News Gathering trucks and photojournalists gath-
TV and radio
ered outside the Prudential Financial headquarters in Newark,
Internet
United States in August 2004 following the announcement of
evidence of a terrorist threat to it and to buildings in New York News agencies
City. Alternative media
Roles
Journalism Journalists (reporters)
News · Writing style Editor · Columnist
Ethics · Objectivity Copy editor
Values · Attribution Meteorologist
Defamation News presenter
Editorial independence Photographer
Journalism school Pundit/Political commentator
List of Category: Journalism
journalism articles
Areas The news media are those elements of the mass media
that focus on delivering news to the general public or
Arts · Business a target public. These include print media (newspapers,
Entertainment newsmagazines), broadcast news (radio and television),
Environment and more recently the Internet (online newspapers, news
Fashion · Medicine blogs, etc.).
Politics · Science
Sports · Technology
Trade · Traffic Etymology
Weather · World media)
A medium (plural media is a carrier of something. Com-
Genres mon things carried by media include information, art, or
physical objects. A medium may provide transmission or
Advocacy · Analytic · Broadcast storage of information or both. The industries which pro-
Citizen · Civic duce news and entertainment content for the mass me-
Collaborative · Community dia are often called "the media" (in much the same way
Database · Gonzo the newspaper industry is called "the press"). In the late
Investigative · Literary 20th century it became commonplace for this usage to be
Muckraking · Narrative construed as singular ("The media is...") rather than as
"New Journalism" the traditional plural.
Non-profit journalism
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia News media
Broadcasting mats include AVO, AVO Byte, Pkg, VO SOT, VOX POP, and
Ancho Visual.
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video sig- • The AVO, or Anchor Voice Over, is the short form of
nals (programs) to a number of recipients ("listeners" or news. The story is written in a gist. According to the
"viewers") that belong to a large group. This group may script visual is edited. The anchor reads the news
be the public in general, or a relatively large audience while the visual is broadcast simultaneously.
within the public. Thus, an Internet channel may distrib- Generally, the duration of an AVO is 30 to 40 seconds.
ute text or music worldwide, while a public address sys- The script is three to four lines. At first the anchor
tem in (for example) a workplace may broadcast very starts to read the news, and, after reading one or
limited ad hoc soundbites to a small population within its one-and-a-half lines, the visual is aired, overlapping
range. the face of anchor.
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a • The AVO Byte has two parts: An AVO, and one or
schedule. more bytes. This is the same as an AVO, except that
Television and radio programs are distributed as soon as the AVO ends, the Byte is aired.
through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simulta- • The Pkg has three parts: Anchor, Voice Over, and
neously. By coding signals and having decoding equip- Sign Off. At first a Script is written. A voice over
ment in homes, the latter also enables subscription-based anchor reads the anchor or anchor intro part.
channels and pay-per-view services.
A broadcasting organization may broadcast several Newscasters
programs at the same time, through several channels Newscasters function at large stations and networks that
(frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. On the oth- usually specialize in a particular type of news, such as
er hand, two or more organizations may share a channel sports or weather. Weathercasters, also called weather
and each use it during a fixed part of the day. Digital ra- reporters, report current and forecast weather condi-
dio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed tions. They gather information from national satellite
programming, with several channels compressed into weather services, wire services, and local and regional
one ensemble. weather bureaus. Some weathercasters are trained me-
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term teorologists and develop their own weather forecasts.
webcasting is often used. Sportscasters select, write, and deliver sports news. This
Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass may include interviews with sports personalities and
media. coverage of games and other sporting events.
Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is
called narrowcasting.
Newsmagazines
Television Main article: Newsmagazine
In a broadcast system (television), journalists or re- newsmagazine, magazine,
A newsmagazine sometimes called news magazine is a
porters are also involved with editing the video material usually weekly magazine featuring articles on current
that has been shot alongside their research, and in work- events. News magazines generally go a little more in-
ing on the visual narrative of the story. Broadcast jour- depth into stories than newspapers, trying to give the
nalists often make an appearance in the news story at the reader an understanding of the context surrounding im-
beginning or end of the video clip. portant events, rather than just the facts.
In television or broadcast journalism, news analysts
(also called news-casters or news anchors) examine, in-
terpret, and broadcast news received from various
Newspapers
sources of information. Anchors present this as news, ei- Main article: Newspaper
ther videotaped or live, through transmissions from on- A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable publication
the-scene reporters (news correspondents). (more specifically, a periodical), usually printed on low-
News films ("clips") can vary in length; there are cost paper called newsprint. It may be general or special
some which may be as long as ten minutes, others that interest, and may be published daily, weekly, biweekly,
need to fit in all the relevant information and material in monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly.
two or three minutes. News channels these days have al- General-interest newspapers are usually journals of
so begun to host special documentary films that stretch current news on a variety of topics. Those can include
for much longer durations and are able to explore a news political events, crime, business, sports, and opinions (ei-
subject or issue in greater detail. ther editorials, columns, or political cartoons). Many also
The desk persons categorise news stories with vari- include weather news and forecasts. Newspapers increas-
ous formats according to the merit of the story. Such for- ingly use photographs to illustrate stories; they also of-
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia News media
Journalists at work in Montreal in the 1940s
Most reporters file information or write their stories
electronically from remote locations. In many cases,
breaking stories are written by staff members, through
information collected and submitted by other reporters
who are out on the field gathering information for an
event that has just occurred and needs to be broadcast
instantly. Radio and television reporters often compose
stories and report "live" from the scene. Some journalists
Cover of 2512, a monthly newsmagazine published in Réunion.
also interpret the news or offer opinions and analysis to
readers, viewers, or listeners. In this role, they are called
commentators or columnists.
Reporters take notes and also take photographs or
shoot videos, either on their own, or through a photog-
rapher or camera person. In the second phase, they or-
ganize the material, determine the focus or emphasis
(identify the peg), and finally write their stories. The sto-
ry is then edited by news or copy-editors (US style) or
sub-editors in Europe, who function from the news desk.
The headline of the story is decided by the news desk,
and practically never by the reporter or the writer of
the piece. Often, the news desk also heavily re-writes or
changes the style and tone of the first draft prepared by
the reporter / writer originally. Finally, a collection of
stories that have been picked for the newspaper or mag-
Reading the newspaper: Brookgreen Gardens in Pawleys Island,
azine edition, are laid out on dummy (trial) pages, and af-
South Carolina.
ter the chief editor has approved the content, style and
language in the material, it is sent for publishing. The
ten include comic strips and other entertainment, such writer is given a byline for the piece that is published; his
as crosswords. or her name appears alongside the article. This process
takes place according to the frequency of the publication.
Reporting News can be published in a variety of formats (broad-
sheet, tabloid, magazine and periodical publications) as
Print journalism well as periods (daily, weekly, semi-weekly, fortnightly
A story is a single article, news item or feature, usually or monthly).
concerning a single event, issue, theme, or profile of a
person. Correspondents report news occurring in the main,
locally, from their own country, or from foreign cities
where they are stationed.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia News media
Newsreels June 1, 2006. By June 8, there had been no mainstream
coverage of the documented allegations by President
A newsreel was a documentary film common in the first John F. Kennedy’s nephew. On June 9, this sub-story was
half of the 20th century, that regularly released in a pub- covered by a Seattle Post-Intelligencer article. [1]
lic presentation place containing filmed news stories. Media coverage during the 2008 Mumbai attacks
Created by Pathé Frères of France in 1908, this form highlighted the use of new media and Internet social net-
of film was a staple of the typical North American, Bri- working tools, including Twitter and Flickr, in spread-
tish, and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada, ing information about the attacks, observing that Inter-
Australia and New Zealand), and throughout European net coverage was often ahead of more traditional media
cinema programming schedule from the silent era until sources. In response, traditional media outlets included
the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely such coverage in their reports.[2] However, several out-
supplanted its role. lets were criticised as they did not check for the reliabili-
Pathé would eventually merge with RKO... ty and verifiability of the information.[3]
An example of a newsreel story is in the film Citizen
Kane (which was prepared by RKO’s actual newsreel
staff), which includes a fictional newsreel that summa-
Other journalism
rizes the life of the title character.
Internet
Online journalism
Online journalism is reporting and other journalism pro-
duced or distributed via the Internet.
An early leader was The News & Observer in Raleigh,
North Carolina, USA.
Many news organizations based in other media also
distribute news online. How much they take advantage of
Newspaper "gone to the Web" in California
the medium varies. Some news organizations, such as the
Gongwer News Service, use the Web only or primarily.
The Internet has allowed the formal and informal pub-
The Internet challenges traditional news organiza-
lication of news stories through mainstream media out-
tions in several ways. They may be losing classified ads to
lets as well as blogs and other self-published news stories.
Web sites, which are often targeted by interest instead of
Journalists working on the Internet have been referred to
geography. The advertising on news Web sites is some-
as J-Bloggers, a term coined by Australian Media Acade-
times insufficient to support the investment.
mic Dr Nicola Goc to describe journalists who [blog] and
Even before the Internet, technology and perhaps
[blog]gers who produce journalism. "J-Bloggers: Internet
other factors were dividing people’s attention, leading to
bloggers acting in the role of journalists disseminating
more but narrower media outlets.
newsworthy information, who subscribe to the journal-
Online journalism also leads to the spread of indepen-
istic ideals of an obligation to the truth and the public’s
dent online media such as openDemocracy and the UK,
right to know" (Media and Journalism: Theory to Prac-
Wikinews as well as allowing smaller news organizations
tice (2008) Melbourne: OUP, p45) . The World Wide Web
to publish to a broad audience, such as mediastrike.
has also seen the development of Online Newspapers and
Online magazine. E-zines is a result of the new magazine
News coverage and new media templates used by literature Broadcasting a .com Media,
is one example incorporated within its Internet eZine
By covering news, politics, weather, sports, entertain-
"The Reviewer" not found on magazine racks to keep up
ment, and vital events, the daily media shape the dom-
with the economy and stay solvent in 2009 say Journal-
inant cultural, social and political picture of society.
ist Perry Campanella editor for Literature Broadcasting
Beyond the media networks, independent news sources
with Video Book Presentations Filmography, produced
have evolved to report on events which escape attention
by Richard Levine a Worldwide Publishing Corporation
or underlie the major stories. In recent years, the blogos-
incorporating multilinguale features not found on maga-
phere has taken reporting a step further, mining down to
zine rack placements, at the touch of a button in the 21
the experiences and perceptions of individual citizens.
Century a News Wire headline.
An exponentially growing phenomenon, the blogos-
phere can be abuzz with news that is overlooked by the
press and TV networks. Apropos of this was Robert F.
Newscasters
Kennedy Jr.’s 11,000-word Rolling Stone article apropos of Newscasters function at large stations and networks that
the 2004 United States presidential election, published usually specialize in a particular type of news, such as
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia News media
sports or weather. Weathercasters, also called weather • News Media in the United States
reporters, report current and forecast weather condi- • Journalism
tions. They gather information from national satellite
weather services, wire services, and local and regional
weather bureaus. Some weathercasters are trained me-
References
teorologists and develop their own weather forecasts. [1] Public Interest in News Topics Beyond Control of
Sportscasters select, write, and deliver sports news. This Mainstream Media , June 9, 2006.
may include interviews with sports personalities and [2] As it happened: Mumbai attacks 27 Nov, BBC News,
coverage of games and other sporting events. November 27, 2008.
[3] Twitter In Controversial Spotlight Amid Mumbai
Attacks, Information Week, November 29, 2008.
See also
• Court of public opinion
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=News_media&oldid=456321837"
Categories:
• News media
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