Animal Kingdom
What makes and animal?
• Cannot make their own food
– Eat plants or other animals
• Digest their food
• Most can move form place to place
– Find food, shelter, and mates
• Many cells with different functions
• Most animal cells have a nucleus
(eukaryotic)
Cnidarian
Echinoderms
Vertebrate vs Invertebrate
• Vertebrate-animals with backbones
• Invertebrate – animals without backbones
The Invertebrate Phylums
• Sponge
• Cnidarian
• Flatworm
• Roundworm
• Mollusk
• Annelid
• Arthropod
• Echinoderm
Symmetry
• Types of Symmetry
Sponges (Porifera)
• Simplest – asymmetry
• Adults remain attached to one place during their lifetime
(sessile)
• Filter feeders
– Filter out food that flows through their bodies through pores.
• Defense
– Spicules: sharp, glasslike structures
– Spongin: tissue that is soft and elastic
• Reproduction
– Asexual: A bud on the side of the parent develops into a small
sponge and floats away
Cnidarians
• What are they?
– Hollow-bodied animals that have stinging
cells.
• Jellyfish (sea jelly)
• Sea anemones
• Coral
• Portuguese man—o-war
Jellyfish life cycle
• Jellyfish life cycle
Characteristics
• Radial symmetry
• Stinging cells to catch and stun prey
(nematocysts)
• Body shape
– Hydra
– polyp
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
Characteristics
• Bilateral symmetry
• Search for food
• Some are parasites – depends on its host
for food and a place to live
– Tapeworm
• Lives in human intestines absorbing nutrients from
its host.
Tapeworm
Roundworms (Nematoda)
• Look like tubes
• May be decomposers, predators or
parasites
– Example: heartworm
heartworm
Mollusks
• Soft-bodied invertebrates that usually have
a shell.
• Body parts
– Mantle – thin layer of tissue covering the
mollusk’s soft body.
– Gills – organs that exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide with the water.
– Radula – acts like a file with rows of teeth to
break up food into smaller pieces
Types of mollusks
• Gastropods (stomach-foot)
– Snails, conches
• Bivalves (two shells)
– Clam, oyster, mussel
• Cephalopods (head-foot)
– Octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish, squid
Segmented worms (annelid)
• Body made of repeating segments
– Example: earthworms and leaches
Leech
Earthworm
Arthropods
• Means ―jointed foot‖
• Characteristics:
– Appendages: claws, legs, antennae that grow
form the body
– Exoskeleton: outer shell that protects and
supports the body
• Examples: insects, spiders, centipedes,
crustaceans
Insects (bugs)
• Characteristics
– Three distinct body regions: head thorax and
abdomen
– Six legs
arachnids
• Examples: spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions,
lice
• Characteristics:
– Two body regions:
• Cephalothorax: fused head and thorax
• Abdomen:
– Four pairs of legs (8 total)
Mite
Wolf spider
Crustaceans
• Examples: crabs, crayfish, lobster, shrimp
• Characteristics
– Heavy exoskeleton
– Five pairs of jointed legs
– Gills
Crayfish
Crab
Echinoderms (spiny skin)
• Characteristics
– Radial symmetry
– No head, brain or complex nervous system
– Water-vascular system: network of water-filled
canals that help make their tube-feet act as
suction cups for locomotion.
• Examples: seastars, sea urchins, sand
dollars, sea cucumbers
Sea star Sea urchin
Sea cucumber