FUNCTIONAL NAME OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
GROUP COMPOUNDS
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydry
Phosphate
FUNCTIONAL NAME OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
GROUP COMPOUNDS
is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing
Alcohols (their
electrons toward it
Hydroxyl specific names
attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds
ends in –ol )
such as sugars
Ketones A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with
Carbonyl Aldehyde different properties, as in the case for acetone and propanal.
Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar
that hydrogen ion (H+) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,
Carboxylic acids,
Carboxyl or organic acids
Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the
Because it also surrounding solution:
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine and
Amino Amine
a carboxylic acid;
compounds with
Ionized, with a charge of
+
both groups are 1, under cellular
called amino acids. conditions.
Two sulfhydryl groups can interact to stabilize protein structure
Sulfhydryl Thiols
(fig. 5.20)
Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively
Organic
Phosphate Phosphates
charged ion).
Can transfer energy between organic molecules
FUNCTIONAL NAME OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
GROUP COMPOUNDS
Alcohols (their
Hydroxyl specific names
ends in –ol )
Ketones
Carbonyl
Aldehyde
___________ acids,
or organic acids
Because it also
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine
and a carboxylic
acid; compounds
with both groups
are called _____ acids.
Sulfhydryl Thiols
Organic
Phosphate Phosphates
AP BIOLOGY
Functional Groups Quiz
Match the functional properties to the functional groups by placing the letter into the appropriate place on the chart.
A)
B) A _______ and an ________ may be structural isomers with different properties, as in the case for _______ and ________.
C) This group is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward it.
D) The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar that hydrogen ion (H+) tends to dissociate reversibly; for example
E) Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively charged ion).
F)
G) Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the surrounding solution:
H) Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
I) attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars
J) Can transfer energy between organic molecules
Ionized, with a charge of 1, under cellular conditions.
+
K)
L) Two groups can interact to stabilize protein structure.
M)
FUNCTIONAL NAME OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
GROUP COMPOUNDS
is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing
Alcohols (their
electrons toward it
Hydroxyl specific names
attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds
ends in –ol )
such as sugars
Ketones A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with
Carbonyl Aldehyde different properties, as in the case for acetone and propanal.
Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar
that hydrogen ion (H+) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,
Carboxylic acids,
Carboxyl or organic acids
Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the
Because it also surrounding solution:
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine and
Amino Amine
a carboxylic acid;
compounds with
Ionized, with a charge of
+
both groups are 1, under cellular
called amino acids. conditions.
Two sulfhydryl groups can interact to stabilize protein structure
Sulfhydryl Thiols
(fig. 5.20)
Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively
Organic
Phosphate Phosphates
charged ion).
Can transfer energy between organic molecules
FUNCTIONAL NAME OF
STRUCTURE EXAMPLE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
GROUP COMPOUNDS
is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing
Alcohols (their
electrons toward it
Hydroxyl specific names
attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds
ends in –ol )
such as sugars
Ketones A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with
Carbonyl Aldehyde different properties, as in the case for acetone and propanal.
Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions.
The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar
that hydrogen ion (H+) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,
Carboxylic acids,
Carboxyl or organic acids
Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the
Because it also surrounding solution:
has a carboxyl
group, glycine is
both an amine and
Amino Amine
a carboxylic acid;
compounds with
Ionized, with a charge of
+
both groups are 1, under cellular
called amino acids. conditions.
Two sulfhydryl groups can interact to stabilize protein structure
Sulfhydryl Thiols
(fig. 5.20)
Makes the molecule of which it is a part an anion (negatively
Organic
Phosphate Phosphates
charged ion).
Can transfer energy between organic molecules
FUNCTIONAL NAME OF SIMPLEST FUNCTIONAL
STRUCTURE NOTES
GROUP COMPOUNDS EXAMPLE PROPERTIES
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate