Body Image= How you
see your body and the
way you feel about it.
• The average American woman is 5'4"
tall and weighs 140 pounds
• The average American model is 5'11"
tall and weighs 117 pounds
• Half of 9 and 10-year-old girls feel
better about themselves if they are
on a diet
• 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to
be thinner
• 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of
being fat
• 5-10 million adolescent girls and
women and 1 million boys struggle
with eating disorders and borderline
conditions
• About 1000 women die each year
from an eating disorder
• 3% of girls and young females suffer
from anorexia
• 4% of girls and young females suffer
from bulimia
• Eating disorders can last between 1
and 15 years, but usually don't result
in death
What is anorexia?
A serious disorder in
which a person starves
themselves.
Judy Skinner is a
recovered anorexic.
• Judy Sargent
20 years old
36 years old
Judy gave these reasons for
becoming anorexic:
1. Loss of twin brother
2. Low self-esteem
3. Perfectionist
4. Parent's divorce
5. Parents obsession with weight
6. Father said she was "fat" and needed to
lose weight.
7. Kids at school used to tease her and call
her “chipmunk cheeks."
WHY WOULD A PERSON
DEVELOP ANOREXIA?
#1 Media/Social pressures
What was beautiful?
Marilyn Monroe vs. Calista Flockhart
Marilyn Monroe vs. Cortney/Jennifer
What is beautiful today?
#2 Anxiety and/or Stress
#3 Low self-esteem and
unhappiness
#4 Controlling family
members
#5 Family emphasis on
physical appearance
#6 Mother had an eating
disorder
#7 Perfectionism
Warning Signs of Anorexia:
• Intense fear of gaining weight
• Skips meals by making up excuses
• Will not eat in front of others
• Wears baggy clothing
• Degrades his/her body frequently
• Denial of hunger
• Excessive exercising
Warning Signs of Anorexia:
• Hair growth on body and face
• Hair loss on head
• Absent or irregular menstrual periods
• Perfectionist
• Depressed/Lonely/Anxious/Empty/Hopeless
• Moody/Irritable
• Strange selections of food
• Reads food labels constantly
Health Effects
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation)
• Skin problems
• Dizziness and headaches
• Dehydration
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeats
• Cold hands and feet
• Bloating
• Constipation and stomachache
Health Effects
• Hair loss
• Decreased metabolic rate
• Edema (water retention)
• Lanugo (fine downy hair)
• Loss of bone mass
• Kidney and liver damage
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Osteoporosis
• Insomnia
• Anemia
Health Effects
• Infertility
• Delayed development in puberty
• Depression
• Cathartic colon (caused from laxative
abuse)
• Low potassium (most common cause
of nocturnal cardiac arrest)
• Cardiac arrest and death
What is bulimia?
Frequent episodes of binge
eating followed by one of
the following:
-Vomiting
- Using laxatives
-Fasting
-Over exercising
Binge Eating
WHY WOULD A PERSON
BINGE?
#1 To fill a void inside
#2 To hide negative emotions
#3 To cope with daily stresses and
problems
Why would a person purge?
Because of guilt and
depression of having binged.
Warning Signs of Bulimia:
• Worried about body weight
• Excessive food consumption
• Frequent trips to the bathroom after eating
• Blood shot eyes
• Sore throat
• Dental problems (tooth enamel wears away)
• Exercises excessively
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Depression and/or mood swings
Most people with bulimia
are at a normal weight or
are overweight.
Statistics
• It occurs in 0.5% to 2.0% of adolescents
and young adult women.
• Bulimics are usually of average or above
average weight
• It typically develops in early to mid-
adolescents.
• Statistics indicate it is relatively
uncommon in men only about 10% of
individuals diagnosed with bulimia are
men.
Statistics
• Bulimia Nervosa affects 1-3% of middle
and high school girls and 1-10% of college
age women.
• Approximately 80% of bulimia nervosa
patients are female.
• There are two types of bulimia nervosa;
purging and nonpurging.
• It is usually preceded by dieting behavior.
• Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by
size and weight.
Statistics
• A complex lifestyle develops to
accommodate eating disorder behaviors.
• There are ongoing feelings of isolation,
self-deprecating thoughts, depression, and
low self-esteem.
• There is full recognition of the behavior as
abnormal.
• 10% of individuals suffering from bulimia
will die from starvation, cardiac arrest,
other medical complications, or suicide.
Health Effects
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) and
irregular menstruation
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Dehydration
• Constipation and diarrhea
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeats
• Depression
Health Effects
• Tears of esophagus
• Hair loss
• Stomach pain and bloating
• Erosion of teeth enamel
• Chronic sore throat
• Kidney and liver damage
• Parotid gland enlargement
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Cathartic colon (caused from laxative
abuse)
Health Effects
• Edema (swelling of hands and feet)
• Low blood pressure
• Chest pains
• Development of peptic ulcers and
pancreatitis (inflammation of the
pancreas)
• Gastric dilation and rupture
• Abrasions on back of hands and knuckles
• Anemia
• Cardiac arrest and death
Supersize ME!
US “Obesity Epidemic”
35 Ogden et. al. (JAMA 288, 14; Oct. 2002)
% Obese (BMI>30)
30
25
20
15
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
How much does your drink really weigh?
If you drank one 12oz.can of soda daily and did not
increase your physical activity, what would happen?
Average 12oz soda= 160 calories
160 calories X 365 days= 58,400 calories per year
3,500 calories = 1 pound
58,400 calories divide by 3,500 calories=
16.69 pounds of weight gain
What would happen if you drank one 44oz Big Gulp
daily?
One 44 oz Big Gulp = 513 calories
Answer: 53.5 pounds
How many Food Pyramid daily servings do YOU really need?
Most women Active women Active men
Children (2-6) Most men Teen Boys
Older children
Teen girls
Total Calories 1,600 2,200 2,800___
Food groups
Milk/dairy 2 2 2
Protein 2 2 3
Vegetables 3 4 5
Fruit 2 3 4
Grains 6 9 11
Fats 2 2 3
Five key • More fruits and
nutrition vegetables.
messages: • More whole grains,
fewer processed
foods overall.
• More water, fewer
“caloric” drinks.
• Replace bad fats
with “good” fats.
• Be aware of
portion sizes.
Physical Activity
Pyramid
20-40 minutes
3-4 times per
week
aerobic fitness
45-60 minutes,
3-4 times a week
for weight loss
30 minutes
everyday for health
Children up to 18 years should have a
minimum of 60 minutes daily of physical
activity
Surgeon General’s
1996 Physical Activity • 30 minutes of
activity
Recommendation
• 4-5 times a week.
• Can be broken
up.
• Reduced risk for
Cardio Vascular
Disease,
diabetes,
osteoporosis,
obesity, improves
mood, some
forms of cancer.
Health Effects
• Obesity
• Menstrual irregularities
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Osteoarthritis
• Decreased mobility
Health Effects
• Shortness of breath
• Heart disease
• Liver and kidney problems
• Cardiac arrest and/or death
• Gallbladder disease
• Certain types of cancer
4,000
Approximate number of
annual pedestrian deaths
in America.
40,000
Approximate total annual
deaths in motor vehicle
crashes.
400,000
Approximate annual
deaths due to sedentary
living and poor nutrition.
40,000,000,000
$40,000,000,000
Approximate direct annual
medical expenditures due to
obesity, borne by taxpayers.
(Obesity Research, Finkelstein et.al., Jan, ’04)
It’s not just an obesity
epidemic.
It’s an epidemic of
physical inactivity and
poor nutrition.