Nutrition
and
Weight Management
Lecture Objectives
1. Explain the significance of dietary reference
intakes and daily values.
2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans
need to make.
3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations,
including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and
athletes.
4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed
choices about food.
5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements
and which groups might benefit from supplements and
why.
6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.
7. Explain the energy balance equation.
Nutritional Guidelines:
Planning Your Diet
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and
Daily Values
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Food Guide Pyramid
Dietary Guidelines for
Americans
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains,
and milk products
Fats
Carbohydrates
Little salt
Potassium-rich foods
Alcoholic beverages, do so in
moderation, in situations that do
not put yourself or others at risk
Nutrient Density
Leading Sources of Calories
in the American Diet
1. Regular soft drinks (7.1% of total calories)
2. Cake, sweet rolls, doughnuts, pastries (3.6%)
3. Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, meat loaf (3.1%)
4. Pizza (3.1%)
5. Potato chips, corn chips, popcorn (2.9%)
6. Rice (2.7%)
7. Rolls, buns, English muffins, bagels (2.7%)
8. Cheese or cheese spread (2.6%)
9. Beer (2.6%)
10. French fries, fried potatoes (2.2%)
Source: Block, G. 2004. Foods contributing to energy intake in the U.S.: Data from NHANES III
and NHANES 1999–2000. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 17: 439–447.
MyPyramid.gov
Vegetarian Food Pyramid
Vegetarian Diets and Health
Lower in: Concerns:
saturated fat vitamin B-12
cholesterol vitamin D
calcium
Higher in: iron
complex carbohydrates zinc
fiber
folate
vitamins C and E
carotenoids
phytochemicals
Dietary Challenges for
Special Population Groups
Women
Men
College students
See pg. 255, Eating Strategies for College Students
Older adults
Athletes
People with special health concerns,
discuss with physician or dietitian.
Nutritional Planning: Making
Informed Choices About Food
Food labels
Dietary supplements
Organic food
Food
Labels
Read labels to
learn more
about your
food choices.
Dietary Supplements
May contain powerful bioactive chemicals
Not regulated the way drugs are by the
FDA in terms of testing and manufacture
May interact with prescription and over-
the-counter drugs and supplements
Should you take supplements?
Organic Foods
Organic
Organic foods
tend to have
lower levels of
pesticide
residues than
conventionally
grown crops
A Personal Plan:
Applying Nutritional Principles
Assess your current diet
Set goals for change
Try additions and substitutions to bring
your current diet closer to your goals
Plan ahead for challenging situations
Weight Management
Obesity has doubled since 1960
At current rates, all American
adults will be overweight by 2030
Chapter 9
Factors Contributing to
Excess Body Fat
Genetic factors
Physiological factors
Metabolic rate
Hormones
Yo-yo dieting
Lifestyle factors
Eating
Physical activity
Psychological factors
Energy-Balance Equation
Lecture Summary
1. Explain the significance of dietary reference intakes
and daily values.
2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need
to make.
3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, including:
vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and athletes.
4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices
about food.
5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements and
which groups might benefit from supplements and why.
6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.
7. Explain the energy balance equation.