• Nutrition plays a large role
Nutrition and in determining:
Diet Therapy • Height
• Weight
• Nutrition= digestion, • Strength
metabolism, circulation • Skeletal and muscle
and elimination development
• Nutritional Status= • Physical agility
refers to the state of one’s • Resistance to disease
nutrition • Appetite
• Wellness= state of good • Posture
health with optimal body • Complexion
function (requires good • Mental ability
nutrition
• Emotional and psychological
health
Immediate effects of good
nutrition includes:
• Healthy appearance
• Good attitude
• Proper sleep and
bowel habits
• High energy level
• Enthusiasm
• Freedom from anxiety
Good Nutrition may
delay or prevent the
following:
• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Osteoporosis: prevented
by good nutrition
• Malnutrition
• Obesity
• Anemia
If your neighbor tells you her MD has placed her on a
high protein diet with iron supplements based on her diet
which of the above illness is her medical problem?
Essential Nutrients
• Composed of chemical
elements found in food.
• Used by the body to
perform body functions
• Nutrients in foods
replace those used by the
body
• Essential nutrients are
divided into six groups.
Cellulose = indigestible
Carbohydrates carbohydrate, provides bulk
(bran, whole-grain cereal,
• Major source of human fibrous fruits, & veggies
energy
• Starches or sugars
• Easily digested, grow
well in most climates,
keep well without
refrigeration
• Main sources: bread,
cereals, pasta, crackers,
potatoes, corn peas, fruits,
sugars and syrups
Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Fats
• Lipids
• Concentrated form of
energy
• Help maintain body
temperature by providing
insulation
• Help cushion organs and
bones
• Provide flavor to meals
Fats Continued
• Main sources: butter,
margarine, oils,
creams, fatty meats,
cheeses, and egg yolk
• Classified as saturated
or poly unsaturated Excess
cholesterol is
Cholesterol: fatty substance found in body believed to
cells and animal fats – eggs, meat, shellfish, contribute to
butter cream, cheese, milk, organ meats atherosclerosis
• Build and repair body
Proteins tissue
• Provide heat and energy
• Help makes antibodies
• Make up to 22 amino
acids (9are essential)
• Main sources complete
protein: meat, fish, milk,
cheese, eggs,
• Incomplete proteins:
cereal, soybeans, dry
beans, peas and peanuts
• Organic compounds that
are essential to life Vitamins
• Regulate body functions
• Repair body tissues
• Only a small amount
required –well balanced
diet provides required
vitamins
• Excess or deficiency can
cause poor health
• Water soluble or fat
soluble
Someone who eats fat free diet could
become deficient in fat-soluble vitamins
Minerals
• Inorganic (nonliving)
elements found in all body
tissues
• Regulate body functions
• Build and repair body
tissues
• They include: calcium,
phosphorus, sodium,
potassium, iron, iodine,
fluorine and others.
• Found in all body
tissues
Water
• Essential for digestion
• Makes up most of
blood plasma
• Helps body tissues
absorb nutrient
• Helps move waste
material through
body
Average person should drink 6-8 glasses
of water a day.
Utilization of
Nutrients
• Digestion- breaks down the foods we eat by
1. Mechanical or chemical
2. Peristalsis
• Absorption – process of taking in nutrients
by the body
1. Most absorption occurs in the small
intestine
2. Water, salts and some vitamins in large
intestine
Utilization.
• Metabolism – use of • Measuring Food Energy
– 1. Calorie- the amount of
nutrients by the body heat produced during
metabolism
– 2. Most people use an
– 1. Basal Metabolic rate average of 3,500
(BMR) calories/day
– 3. To lose wt. a person must
take in fewer calories then
are burned
– 4. To gain weight, a person
must take in more calories
than the body uses.
Write questions and use the web site to find
answers….
What is a low- What is not Can you have 7- If someone just
residue diet? allowed on a low up on a clear had surgery the
residue diet? liquid diet? next day what diet
would they likely
be on?
Someone with Someone with A client wakes up To prevent
chronic hyperthyroidism during the night dehydration of the
esophageal reflux would be on what and asks for client, the nurse
would be placed type of diet? something to eat. aide should:
on what kind of The nurse aide
diet? should :
Could a diabetic What diet would If a person was A pt. With a
have chicken be appropriate for retaining fluid healing wound
broth? someone with what diet would would most likely
dentures? be ordered? be put on what
type of diet?
Therapeutic Diets
• http://www.dietsite.com/dt/diets/hearthealth
y/lowsalt.asp
• Regular Liquid Soft
• Diabetic Low Calorie
• High Calorie Low Cholesterol
• Fat-restricted Sodium-restricted
• Protein Bland Low-residue