Heart disease
Heart disease
• Congenital
• Ischemic
• Hypertensive
• Valvular
• Cardiomyopathy
• Pericardium
• Tumors
Congenital
• ISCHEMIC
• HYPERTENSIVE
• VALVULAR
• MYOPATHIC
Heart failure
• Dyspnea
–on exertion
–at rest
• Orthopnea
–redistribution of peripheral edema fluid
–graded by number of pillows needed
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
ISCHEMIC
• Angina Pectoris
• Myocardial Infarction
• Chronic IHD CHF
• Sudden Cardiac Death
• Acute Coronary Syndromes:
–UNSTABLE ANGINA
–AMI
–SCD
HYPERTENSIVE
• Hypertrophic adaptive response
–Myocardial dysfunction
–Cardiac dilatation
–CHF
–Sudden death
VALVULAR
• Stenosis
• Regurgitation
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
1. Inflammatory
2. Immunologic
3. Metabolic
4. Dystrophies
5. Genetic
6. Idiopathic
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
• DILATED
• HYPERTROPHIC
• RESTRICTIVE
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
• Chest pain is common
• Frequently asymptomatic
• Severe cases associated with heart failure, arrhythmias
• ECG abnormalities are often present, although the changes are
frequently nonspecific
• Left ventricular hypertrophy may be present
• An echocardiogram is useful
• Chest radiographs can be normal or can show evidence of
congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly.
Treatment
• medication
• changes in lifestyle
• Implanted pacemakers
• Defibrillators
• (LVADs)
• ablation
Assessment questions
• What types of heart diseases are there?
• What are the symptoms of heart failure?
• How many types of cardiomyopathies do
you know?
• What are the most common symptoms
of cardiomyopathy?