Web 2.0
Robert Cormia
Foothill College
Web 2.0 Overview
• What is Web 2.0?
• Generations of the Web
• Web 2.0 tools
• Web 2.0 properties
• Future Web generations
• Future technical directions
What is Web 2.0?
• Web 2.0 is ‘made of people’
• It is both human and ‘emergent’
• Augmented social cognition
• A lot like ‘pre-web’ AOL and BBS
• More powerful, and ‘generational’
• Web 2.0 tools and process
Web 2.0 Meme Map
http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
Eras of the Web
• Content Web (1995-2005)
– HTML for browsers
• Process Web (2000-2010)
– XML for machines
• Semantic Web (2005-2015)
– RDF for humans / machines
• The Metaweb (2010-2025)
– Networked machines / applications
http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/metaweb_graph.jpg
Made of People
• People are the secret to Web 2.0
• Bottom up ‘swarming’ of content
• Power mass knowledge – consensus?
• Building actives, collective wisdom
• Emergent nodes / human network
Process Tools
• Wikis
• RSS
• Blogging
• Tagging
• Collaboration tools
• P2P networks
• File / application sharing
• Presence / TelePresence
Content Tools
• YouTube
• Flickr
• Napster
• BitTorrent
• Wikipedia
• MediaWiki
Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
DoubleClick --> Google AdSense
Ofoto --> Flickr
Akamai --> BitTorrent
mp3.com --> Napster
Britannica Online --> Wikipedia
personal websites --> blogging
evite --> upcoming.org and EVDB
domain name speculation --> search engine optimization
page views --> cost per click
screen scraping --> web services
publishing --> participation
content management systems --> wikis
directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy")
stickiness --> syndication
Wikis
• MediaWiki
• Wikipedia
• Wikibooks
• Wikiversity
• WikiProject
http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki
Blogs
• Personal and group publishing
– You publish – readers comment
• Basis of ‘citizen journalism’
– Early and ‘informal’ reporting
– ‘Bottom up’ vs. ‘top down’
• Easy web publishing / templates
– Blogger.com
– WordPress.org
RSS
• Really Simple Syndication
– Publishing news and content alerts
– CNN news alerts
• Snippet publishing
– News, alerts, lists
– iTunes top 10 list
• Addendum to blogging
– Notification of new posts
Collaboration Tools
• Video conferencing
• Application sharing
• TeamViewer and WebEx
• Google Docs
• Electronic communication (IM, email)
• Electronic conferencing (TelePresence)
• Collaborative management tools
Google Docs
• Collaborative authoring / work
• No ‘emailing of attachments’
• A full suite of documents:
– Word processing
– Spreadsheets
– Presentation tools / sketching
– Calendaring
– http://docs.google.com/
New Tools for Democracy
• Blogs
• YouTube
• Citizen journalism
• Email campaigns
• Fund raising
Citizen Journalism
Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory
journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the
process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating
news and information," according to the seminal report We
Media: How Audiences are Shaping the Future of News and
Information, by Shayne Bowman and Chris Willis. They say, "The
intent of this participation is to provide independent, reliable,
accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information that a
democracy requires."[1] Citizen journalism should not be
confused with civic journalism, which is practiced by
professional journalists. Citizen journalism is a specific form of
citizen media as well as user generated content.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism
The Web as a Platform
• A network to support applications
– XML and Web Services
• Connections that add meaning
– Semantic Network
• Going beyond HTML and ‘markup’
– XHTML and RDF metadata
• A ‘meta web’ of connected machines
– Power networks and the ‘IntelliGrid’
Cloud Computing
• Web services
• Grid computing
• Network resources
• Grid computing is a technology approach to
managing a cloud. In effect, all clouds are
managed by a grid but not all grids manage a
cloud. More specifically, a compute grid and a
cloud are synonymous, while a data grid and a
cloud can be different.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
Cloud Computing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
Properties of Note
• YouTube
• MySpace
• Facebook
• Wikipedia
• Del.ico.us
• StumbleUpon
• Second Life
‘Tagging’
• Digg
– Collective site ranking
• Del.icio.us
– Adding tags
• Tag clouds
– Collection of tags on a site
• StumbleUpon
– Site discovery by user type
Tag Clouds
A tag cloud is a set of related tags with
corresponding weights. Typical tag clouds have
between 30 and 150 tags. The weights are
represented using font sizes or other visual
clues. Meanwhile, histograms or pie charts are
most commonly used to represent approximately
a dozen different weights. Hence, tag clouds can
represent many more weights, though less
accurately so. Also, frequently, tag clouds are
interactive: tags are hyperlinks typically allowing
the user to drill down on the data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_cloud
‘Folksonomies’
• User built taxonomies
• Organization by:
– Emergence
– Convergence
– Consensus
• Built from tagging, clouds, and tools
• Freebase – http://www.freebase.com/
• StumbleUpon - http://www.stumbleupon.com/
FolksonomyCast
http://careo.elearning.ubc.ca/~blamb/FolksonomyCast.mov
Buzzillions
Freebase
• A ‘collective approach’ to an open,
shared database of the world's knowledge
• Collective database taxonomy
• API for import / export of ontologies
• An early Semantic Web milestone
• Part of Metaweb Technologies
http://www.freebase.com/
Web 3.0
• Semantic Web applications
• Building machine knowledge
• Machine and user driven
• Collective taxonomies / ontologies
• RDF and XHTML
• Parsing tools
Semantic MediaWiki
• The WikiProject "Semantic MediaWiki"
provides a common platform for discussing
extensions of the MediaWiki software that
allow for simple, machine-based processing of
Wiki content. This usually requires some form
of "semantic annotation," but the special Wiki
environment and the multitude of envisaged
applications impose a number of additional
requirements.
http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki
Future Trends
• ‘Presence’
• Active democracy
• Prediction markets
• Collaborative science
• Virtual Worlds
• Intelligent agents
• The MetaWeb
Shift ID - Presence
• Staying connected
• Messaging
• GPS awareness
• Forwarding
• ‘Elastic Contact’
http://www.presenceco.com/
http://novaspivack.typepad.com/RadarNetworksTowardsAWebOS.jpg
Summary
• Web 2.0 is ‘made of people’
• Publishing tools
– RSS
– Wikis
– Multimedia
• Process tools
– Application / file sharing
• ‘Augmented social cognition’
References
• Freebase – http://www.freebase.com/
• TeamViewer – http://ww.wteamviewer.com/
• MediaWiki – http://www.mediawiki.org/
• Powerset – http://www.powerset.com/
• Predictify – http://www.powerset.com/
• PARC – http://www.parc.com/
• W3C – http://www.w3c.org/