AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
THINGS TO KNOW…
AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
FINAL AP EXAM VOCABULARY REVIEW
2009
GENERAL CONCEPTS Semi-presidential
Natural Rights Philosophies—Locke, Authoritarian Regime
Hobbes, Rousseau Assemblies (types, functions)
Ideologies: (Liberalism, Classical Nightwatchmen state
Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, Conservatism, Police State
Fascism, Communism, Anarchism, Welfare State
Socialism, Totalitarianism, Libertarianism) Legitimacy and authority (traditional,
Treaty of Westphalia—Nations, States, and charismatic, rational-legal)
Nation-States Sovereignty
Oligarchy Democratization and types of democracy
Technocrat, Autocrat Indicators of democratization (in Mexico
Political socialization notes)
Interest Aggregation Marketization
Interest Articulation Party systems (one, two, multi)
Political Culture Bicameral/unicameral legislatures
Agents of Political Socialization Electoral processes
Family Presidential v Parliamentary regimes
Schools Head of government v head of state
Religion Unitary, federal, and confederate
Peer Groups government systems
Social Class Gender Co-optation
Mass Media Civil society
Caucuses
Interest Groups
Corporatism (state, neo)
Political Parties
Patron-client networks
Interest Groups and interest group pluralism
Judicial review
Competitive Elections
Social cleavages (cross-cutting v coinciding)
Plurality (First past the post, winner-take-
Social capital
all) elections
Supranational organizations (WTO, EU,
Proportional representation
UN, NATO)
Separation of Powers (Checks and balances;
Sovereignty
branches of government)
Referendum
Bureaucracy
Demographics (ethnicity, class, etc.)
Cabinet Coalition
Politics of protest
Causation/Correlation
Modernism and Post-modernism (Max
Command Economies
Weber)
Market Economies
Common Law
Mixed Economies
Code Law
Development—import substitution
Globalization (debates, positive/negative
Democratic Presidential Regime
consequences)
Parliamentary Regime
AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
Illiberal democracy Parliament
Devolution v Integration Monarchy
Linkage institutions Cabinet
Regime change v Government change Shadow Cabinet
Revolution Parliament v Government
Samuel P. Huntington’s ―Clash of House of Lords v House of Commons
Civilizations‖ (Mr. Westbrook assigned this Life and hereditary peers
reading and we discussed it later as part of Judiciary
your reading on Islam and Democracy) Law Lords
Bureaucracy
ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES V ―The Loyal Opposition‖
AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES ―shadow cabinet‖
Backbenchers
GREAT BRITAIN Speaker of the House
Beveridge report
Keynesianism Major Leaders:
Devolution to N. Ireland, Scotland, Wales Winston Churchill
BBC Margaret Thatcher—―The Iron Lady‖
Most disadvantaged party because of Tony Blair
electoral system Gordon Brown
Gradualism David Cameron (Conservative Party Leader)
Insularity Major Parties:
Vote of no confidence Labour—The Third Way
Collective consensus Conservative--Tories
Collective responsibility Liberal Democrat
Bill of Rights Plaid Cymru
Magna Carta Sinn Fein
Glorious Revolution Scottish Nationalist Party
―Constitution of the Crown‖
Effect of Marxism European Union:
Welfare state Issues with Great Britain
Good Friday Agreement The Euro
Irish Republican Army (IRA) Sovereignty and the EU
Oxbridge Democratic deficit
Ethno-nationalism Requirements for membership (stable
Trades Union Congress democracy, market economy, willingess to
Quangos accept EU laws)
Public policy (Iraq, healthcare, etc) Euroskeptics
Noblesse oblige Three pillars—trade and currency, justice
Politics of protest and home affairs, joint defense policies
Question Time Maastricht Treaty of 1991 (created the EU)
Treaty of Amsterdam (common immigration
Branches of government (duties, policies)
constraints, etc): Enlargement fatigue
Prime Minister European Court of Justice
AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
Achaemenian Empire
IRAN Safavids
Shiism v Sunnism Qajars
Zoroastrianism, Baha’i Pahlavis
Hidden Imam Major Political Parties
Revolution of 1979 and subsequent Khordad Front
constitution Islamic Iran Participation Front
Constitution of 1905-1909 Oppressed political parties
White coup Reformers v conservatives
Theocracy v democracy
Appointments by political institutions COMMUNIST AND POST-
Policymaking COMMUNIST SOCIETIES
Jurist’s Guardianship (velayat-e-faqih)
Sharia COMMUNISM
Qanun Bourgeoisie and proletariat
Faqih Communist Manifesto and Karl Marx
Factionalism Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Ethnic and religious minorities Democratic centralism
Clerical authority Maoism
Presidential Election of 2005 Nomenklatura—Russia and China
Majles election of 2004 Revolution (dictatorship) of the proletariat
Rentier state Vladimir Lenin
Secularism v fundamentalism ―vanguard of the revolution‖
Statists v free-marketers Alienation
OPEC Phases of history (barbarism, feudalism,
Democratization under Khatami—―Tehran capitalism, communism)
Spring‖ Forces of Production
Economic base
Branches of government (duties, Superstructure
constraints, etc):
Judiciary RUSSIA
Guardian Council Asymmetric federalism
Supreme Leader Bolsheviks v Mensheviks
Majles Civil Society in Russia—Nashi, free speech,
Assembly of Religious Experts etc.
President Collective farms—collectivization
Revolutionary Guard Confederation of Independent States –unites
Major Political Leaders the 15 former republics of the Soviet Union
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Russia
Muhammad Khatami Public Policy (the economy, foreign policy,
Muhammad Mossadegh relationship with the former republics,
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad relations with the West, Terrorism, civil
Al Khamenei society development)
Reza Shah and Muhammad Reza Shah Conflict in Chechnya
Major Dynasties Constitution of 1993
AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
Federal government structure CHINA
Stalin’s Five Year Plans Autonomous regions
Glasnost Cadres
Perestroika Collectivism
Head of government v Head of state in Confucianism
Russia (technical v reality) The Cultural Revolution
Kulaks Democratic centralism
Russian mafia’s role in politics Dual role
Oligarchy Dysnastic cycles
Peter the Great and the ―Window on the Egalitarianism
West‖ Ethic of struggle
Proportional representation (7% threshold) Factionalism
Semi-Presidentialism Fang-shou
Russian Orthodox Church Falon Gong religious movement
Muslim population in Russia Floating population
Khrushchev’s ―Secret Speech‖ Four Modernizations of Deng Xiaoping
―Shock Therapy‖ Free market socialism
Slavophile v Westernizer ―Gang of Four‖
Stalinism Guanxi
State corporatism (Gazprom) The Great Leap Forward
Totalitarianism Globalization—debates and effects on China
Tsarism Han Chinese and other ethnic groups
Household responsibility system
Branches of Government (duties, ―iron rice bowl‖
constraints, etc): The Long March
Central Committee and Politburo Mandate of Heaven
Constitutional Court ―Middle Kingdom‖
Duma and Federation Council Mass line
―a new socialist countryside‖ for the rural
Major Political Leaders: poor
Mikhail Gorbachev and his three-pronged Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in
reforms China
Nikita Khrushchev ―One country, two systems‖—Britain and
Vladimir Putin Hong Kong
Boris Yeltsin and the post-communist Parallel Hierarchies
transition Patron-client system
Political elite and guanxi
Major Political Parties Privatization of business
Communist Party of the Russian Federation Rule of law in China
(CPRF) Self-reliance
Liberal Democrat Party Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
United Russia Party State corporatism
Yabloko Socialist Market Economy
Township and village enterprises (TVEs)
―Two Chinas‖—Taiwan and Mainland
AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
Youth League
MEXICO
Branches of Government AND Party Amerindians
(duties, constraints, etc): Camarillas
Central Committee Caudillos
Central Military Commission Chiapas Rebellion
National Party Congress Co-optation
People’s Courts, procuratorate Corporatism (state and neo)
People’s Liberation Army Cristeros Rebellion
People’s National Congress Ejidos
Politburo/Standing Committee Election reform (Federal Electoral
Commission)
Major Political Parties EZLN (Zapatistas)
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Informal Economy(illicit trade)
Nationalist Party of Chiang Kai-Shek Mestizos
(Taiwan) ―Mexican Miracle‖
Mexicanidad
Major Political Leaders: NAFTA
Chiang Kai-Shek Para-statals
Deng Xiaoping (economic theory) Patron-client system
Hu Jintao PEMEX
Hu Yaobang Pendulum theory
Jiang Zemin Plurality v proportional representation
Mao Zedong Politicos
Sun Yat-Sen Porfiriato
Wen Jiabao Spanish Colonialism
Township and village enterprises (TVEs) Sexenio
―Two Chinas‖—Taiwan and Mainland Technicos
Youth League Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Public Policy (economy, immigration, oil,
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND trade, election reform, democratization)
EMERGING ECONOMIES
Branches of Government (duties,
Development constraints, etc):
Dependency Theory President
Economic Sectors (primary, secondary, Chamber of Deputies
tertiary) Senate
Export-oriented industrialization Judiciary
Import subsitution
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Major Political Parties:
GNP per capita PAN
Westernization PRD
GATT/WTO PRI
Human Development Index (HDI) EZLN
Freedom House Score
AP Comparative Government and Politics 11/28/2011
Walter Payton College Prep High School
Major Political Leaders: Branches of Government (duties,
Felipe Calderon constraints, etc):
Cuauhtemoc Cardenas National Assembly (Senate and House of
Lazaro Cardenas Representatives)
Porfirio Diaz Executive
Father Miguel Hidalgo Judiciary
Vicente Fox Local Government
Benito Juarez
Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador Major Political Parties
Pancho Villa ANPP
Emiliano Zapata PDP
Action Congress
NIGERIA
Republic of Biafra Major Political Leaders
Civil Society in Nigeria Atiku Abubakar
Coup d’etat Ibrahim Babangida
Public policy (economy, electoral fraud, Olusegun Obasanjo
democratization, oil, health) Umaru Yar’Adua
Corporatism (state)
Demographic (ethnic) layout: Hausa-Fulani,
Igbo, Yoruba STUDY HARD!!!
Indirect rule
British colonialism
Informal economy
Independent National Election Commission
(INEC)
Jihad
Kinship-based politics
Military control of government
―the national question‖
NGOs
Para-statals
Patrimonalism
Prebendalism
Plurality electoral system
Type of government system
Rent-seeking
Revenue sharing
Sharia law
Structural adjustment program
―true federalism‖ movement