8th Grade Science
Southwest Arkansas Instructional Alignment
Science Grade 8
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education of all students. These frameworks are
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
FIRST NINE WEEKS
1.1 Enduring Understanding - Science knowledge is gained using a structured process which generates knowledge about
the natural world in a safe manner.
1.1a Essential Question - How and why is scientific knowledge gained and modified?
NS.1.8.1 Justify conclusions based on appropriate Evaluate and support conclusions *define unbiased evaluate Glencoe pg. 14 & 19
and unbiased observations based on appropriate and unbiased *collect data through appropriate and unbiased
observations unbiased observations appropriate
*interpret data to form conclusions conclusion
*justify conclusions based on
appropriate and unbiased observations
NS.1.8.2 Evaluate the merits of empirical evidence Evaluate the merits of empirical *define empirical evidence hypothesis Glencoe pg. 13-23
based on experimental design evidence based on experimental *define components of experimental replication Mini lab pg. 18
-hypothesis design design sample size
-replication -hypothesis *clarify the differences between control
-sample size -replication independent and dependent variables dependent variable
-appropriate use of control -sample size *evaluate the merits of empirical independent variable
-use of standardized independent and -appropriate use of control evidence based on experimental
dependent variables -use of standardized independent and design
dependent variables -hypothesis
-replication
-sample size
-appropriate use of control
-use of standardized independent and
dependent variables
NS.1.8.3 Formulate a testable problem using Create a testable problem using *define testable testable
experimental design experimental design *identify examples of testable
problems
*formulate a testable problem using
experimental design
Revised 5-09 Page 1 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
NS.1.8.4 Analyze
Science frameworks are essential components *analyze set of scientific range using median
scientific
The Nature of a set ofand range data using mean, Analyze a set ofmode, anddata using to the ascience and data using mean students. These frameworks
median, mode, using SI units mean, median,
scientific
range using mean, median, mode,
education of all are
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
SI units SI units mode
range
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
NS.1.8.5 Suggest solutions to real world problems by Hypothesize possible solutions to real *interpret scientific data in tables, histograms
analyzing scientific data world problems by analyzing scientific charts and graphs scatterplots
-data tables/charts data in different types of graphs *suggest solutions to real world stem and leaf plots
-histograms problems by analyzing scientific data line of best fit
-data tables/charts
-scatter plots -histograms
-stem and leaf plots
-line and double line -scatter plots
-graphs by approximating line of best fit -stem and leaf plots
-line and double line
-graphs by approximating line of best
fit
NS.1.8.6 Formulate inferences based on scientific Formulate inferences based on *define inferences inferences
data scientific data *formulate inferences based on
scientific data
NS.1.8.7 Communicate results and conclusions from Communicate results and conclusions *define peer review peer review
scientific inquiry following peer review from scientific inquiry for peer review *draw conclusions from scientific inquiry
inquiry
*communicate results and conclusions
from scientific inquiry following peer
review
NS.1.8.8 Develop and implement strategies for long- Develop and implement strategies for *identify steps of the scientific method implement
term, accurate data collection long-term, accurate data collection *identify components of experimental strategy
design consistency
*discuss the importance of accuracy in variable
collection of scientific data
*discuss the purpose of long-term data
collection
*develop and implement strategies for
long-term, accurate data collection, i.e.
weather data vs. climate data
Revised 5-09 Page 2 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
The Nature of Science frameworks scientific laws, theories and hypotheses created? of all students. These frameworks are
1.1b Essential Question - How are are essential components to the science education
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
NS.1.8.9 Generate questions that can and cannot be Generate questions that can and *distinguish between questions that generate
answered by science cannot be answered by science can and cannot be answered by
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
science
*generate questions that can and
cannot be answered by science
NS.1.8.10 Explain the role of peer review, evidence, Explain the role of peer review, *define theory modification
and modification in the development of a evidence, and modification in the *explain the purpose of peer review Theory
theory development of a theory *explain the role of peer review,
evidence, and modification in the
development of a theory
*recognize the difference between
theory and hypothesis
NS.1.8.11 Evaluate the merit of hypotheses, laws, and Evaluate the validity of hypotheses, *define hypothesis and law merit and reasoning
theories laws, and theories *compare and contrast hypothesis,
laws, and theories
*evaluate the importance of scientific
hypothesis, laws, and theories
1.2 Enduring Understanding - All organisms are composed of cells - the fundamental unit of life.
1.2a Essential Question - What is the hierarchical relationship of cells to an organism?
LS.2.8.1 Illustrate the hierarchical relationships of Illustrate the hierarchical relationships *define cell, tissue, organ, organ hierarchal Arkansas Science Essentials
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and of cells, tissues, organs, organ system, and organism relationship Lesson 2 pg.7; Lesson 3 pg. 11
organisms systems, and organisms *describe the following relationships: cells
cells/tissues, tissues/organs, tissues
organs/organ systems, organ organs
systems/organisms organ system
*illustrate the hierarchical relationships organism
of cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems, and organisms
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
1.2b Essential Question - How are are essential components to the science education
The Nature of Science frameworks protists and bacteria different from one another? of all students. These frameworks are
Identify different any particular Identify They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion ofEssentials
not scheduled into types of single-celled quarter. different types of single-celled *define single-celled organisms
LS.2.8.2 protist Arkansas Science the
organisms organisms *define protists and bacteria bacteria Lesson 4 pg. 15; Lesson 5 pg. 19
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
-protist *identify different types of single-celled single-celled
-bacteria organisms organisms
-protist
-bacteria
LS.2.8.3 Relate the effect of bacteria on oral health Relate the effect of bacteria on oral *relate the effect of bacteria on oral reminder: low-birth Arkansas Science Essentials
health health weight Lesson 5 pg. 19
diabetes
heart disease
tooth decay
LS.2.8.4 Describe and illustrate single-celled Describe and illustrate single-celled *describe single-celled organisms Arkansas Science Essentials
organisms found in pond water organisms found in pond water found in pond water Lesson 6 pg. 25
*illustrate single-celled organisms
found in pond water
LS.2.8.5 Use a dichotomous key to classify Use a dichotomous key to classify *define dichotomous key dichotomous key Arkansas Science Essentials
organisms found in pond water organisms found in pond water *explain how to read a dichotomous Lesson 6 pg. 25; Lesson 7 pg. 34
key
*classify pond water organisms using
a dichotomous key
1.2c Essential Question - What are the identifying characteristics of unicellular and multicellular organisms?
LS.2.8.6 Compare and contrast characteristics of Compare and contrast characteristics *define unicellular and multicellular unicellular Arkansas Science Essentials
unicellular organisms and multi-cellular of unicellular organisms and multi- *identify characteristics of unicellular multi-cellular Lesson 6 pg. 25
organisms cellular organisms and multicellular organisms cell wall
genetic material
LS.2.8.7 Classify cells as eukaryotic or prokaryotic Classify cells as eukaryotic or *define nucleus eukaryote Arkansas Science Essentials
prokaryotic *define prokaryotic and eukaryotic prokaryote Lesson 8 pg. 41
*identify eukaryotic and prokaryotic nucleus
cells
*classify cells as eukaryotic or
prokaryotic
LS.2.8.8 Identify and describe similarities and Identify and describe similarities and *define taxum taxum Arkansas Science Essentials
differences among organisms of different, differences among organisms of *identify and describe similarities and Lesson 9 pg. 48
but closely related taxa (i.e., pine trees, big different, but closely related taxa differences among organisms of
cats, rodents, ungulates) different, but closely related taxa (i.e.,
pine trees, big cats, rodents,
ungulates)
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
1.2d Essential Question - What kind of historical breakthroughs relate to the study of of all students. These frameworks are
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science educationorganisms?
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion ofEssentials
LS.2.8.9 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and zookeeper Arkansas Science the
breakthroughs related to organisms historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to geneticist Lesson 9 pg. 48
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
organisms organisms paleontologist
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
SECOND NINE WEEKS
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education of all students. These frameworks are
into any particular quarter. They passed from one generation to the next.
not scheduledUnderstanding - Genetic traits areshould be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
2.1 Enduring
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned parents?
2.1a Essential Question- How do organisms inherit traits from by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
LS.3.8.1 Identify and explain why inherited Identify and explain why inherited *define gene, inheritance, and gene Arkansas Science Essentials
characteristics of living things depend on characteristics of living things depend phenotype inherited Lesson 10 pg. 52
genes on genes *identify examples of inherited phenotype
characteristics
*explain why inherited characteristics
of living things depend on genes
LS.3.8.2 Differentiate between dominant and Differentiate between dominant and *define dominant trait and recessive dominant Arkansas Science Essentials
recessive traits recessive traits trait recessive Lesson 10 pg. 52
*define genotype differentiate
*identify dominate and recessive traits traits
by the use of genotype as compared
to phenotype
*differentiate between dominant and
recessive traits
LS.3.8.3 Observe and classify traits as dominant or Observe and classify traits as *observe traits tongue rolling Arkansas Science Essentials
recessive dominant or recessive -tongue rolling detached earlobes Lesson 10 pg. 52
-tongue rolling -tongue rolling -detached earlobes widow's peak
-detached earlobes -detached earlobes -widow's peak hitchhiker's thumb
-widow's peak -widow's peak -hitchhiker's thumb dimples
-hitchhiker's thumb -hitchhiker's thumb -dimples unibrow
-dimples -dimples -unibrow
-unibrow -unibrow *identify examples of dominant and
recessive traits
*classify traits as dominant or
recessive
-tongue rolling
-detached earlobes
-widow's peak
-hitchhiker's thumb
-dimples
-unibrow
Revised 5-09 Page 6 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
LS.3.8.4 Differentiate
of Science frameworks Differentiate amongtraits of plants and *observe science of plants and acquired trait
observed inherited traits
The Nature acquiredamongof plants and animals are essential components to the inherited traitseducation inherited students. These frameworks
and traits traits and acquired
observed inherited
animals
of all trait Arkansas Science Essentials
Lesson 10 pg. 52
are
*observe acquired appropriate
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with traits of plants and content at the discretion of the
animals
animas
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the among observed of the 3rd quarter.
*differentiate
conclusion
inherited traits and acquired traits of
plants and animals
LS.3.8.5 Interpret simple genetic crosses using Interpret simple genetic crosses using *define Punnett Square and genetic genetic cross Arkansas Science Essentials
Punnett Squares Punnett Squares cross Punnett Squares Lesson 10 pg. 52
*predict genetic crosses using Punnett
Square
*interpret simple genetic crosses using
Punnett Squares
LS.3.8.6 Predict patterns that emerge from simple Predict patterns that emerge from *define homozygous, heterozygous, heterozygous Arkansas Science Essentials
genetic crosses simple genetic crosses hybrid, and purebred homozygous Lesson 11 pg. 58
*predict patterns that emerge from pure-bred
simple genetic crosses hybrid
LS.3.8.7 Conduct investigations demonstrating that Conduct investigations demonstrating *indicate that phenotype of a genetic phenotype Arkansas Science Essentials
the phenotype of a genetic trait is the result that the phenotype of a genetic trait is trait is the result of a genotype genotype Lesson 10 pg. 52
of genotype the result of genotype *conduct investigations demonstrating
that the phenotype of a genetic trait is
the result of genotype
LS.3.8.8 Explain how genetic variation within a Explain how genetic variation within a *define mutation and incomplete mutation Arkansas Science Essentials
species is a result of dominant traits and species is a result of dominant traits dominance incomplete Lesson 10 pg. 52
recessive traits and recessive traits *explain how genetic variation within a dominance
species is a result of dominant traits
and recessive traits
LS.3.8.10 Distinguish between characteristics of plants Distinguish between characteristics of *define selective breeding selective breeding Arkansas Science Essentials
and animals through selective breeding plants and animals through selective *identify desirable characteristics of Lesson 10 pg. 52
breeding plants and animals
*distinguish between characteristics of
plants and animals through selective
breeding
LS.3.8.11 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and dog breeder Arkansas Science Essentials
breakthroughs related to genetics historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to genetic counselor Lesson 10 pg. 52; Lesson 11 pg. 58;
genetics genetics lab technician Lesson 13 pg. 68
FBI
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
2.2 Nature of Science frameworks are is influenced by genetic the science education of all students. These frameworks are
The Enduring Understanding - Survival essential components to inheritance and interaction with the environment.
2.2a Essential Question - What factors contribute to the survival or with appropriate content at the discretion of the
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integratedextinction of a species over time?
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter. Arkansas Science Essentials
LS.3.8.9 Compare and contrast patterns of Compare and contrast patterns of *define embryology
embryological development for all embryological development for all -embryology postanal tail Lesson 12 pg. 63
vertebrates, including humans vertebrates, including humans -postanal tail gill slits
-gill slits backbone (notochord)
-backbone (notochord) homologous
-homologous analogous
-analogous vestigial
-vestigial
*identify patterns of embryological
development
*compare and contrast patterns of
embryological development for all
vertebrates, including humans
LS.3.8.13 Identify basic ideas related to biological Identify basic ideas of biological *identify basic ideas related to Evolution Arkansas Science Essentials
evolution evolution biological evolution diversity Lesson 14 pg. 71
-diversity of species -diversity of species variations
-variations within species -variations within species adaptation
-adaptations -adaptations natural selection
-natural selection -natural selection extinction
-extinction of a species -extinction of a species
LS.3.8.12 Compare the theory of evolution to the Compare the theory of evolution to the *identify characteristics of a scientific Theory of Evolution Arkansas Science Essentials
characteristics of a scientific theory characteristics of a scientific theory theory Lesson 14 pg. 71
*identify basic ideas of the Theory of
Evolution
*compare the Theory of Evolution to
the characteristics of a scientific theory
LS.3.8.14 Explain that the fossil record provides Explain that the fossil record provides Explain that the fossil record provides era Arkansas Science Essentials
evidence of life forms' appearance, evidence of life forms' appearance, evidence of life forms' appearance, fossil Lesson 14 pg. 71
diversification, and extinction diversification, and extinction diversification, and extinction
LS.3.8.15 Explain the process of natural selection Explain the process of natural Explain the process of natural natural selection Arkansas Science Essentials
selection selection species Lesson 14 pg. 71
LS.3.8.16 Identify genetic traits that make organisms Identify genetic traits that make *identify genetic traits that make Survival of the fittest Arkansas Science Essentials
more likely to survive and reproduce in a organisms more likely to survive and organisms more likely to survive and adapt Lesson 14 pg. 71
particular environment reproduce in a particular environment reproduce in a particular environment species
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
LS.3.8.17 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists,
The Nature of Science to natural selection are essential components to the breakthroughs related and Darwin students. These frameworks are
breakthroughs related
frameworks historical breakthroughs related to historical
science education geologist
to
of all Arkansas Science Essentials
Lesson 12 pg. 63; Lesson 14 pg. 71;
natural They and the fossil record natural selection and the fossil record Lamarck
not scheduled into any particular quarter. selection should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion77 the
and the fossil record Lesson 15 pg. of
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
LS.4.8.1 Analyze the effect of changes in Analyze the effect of changes in *identify adaptations that are selected natural selection Arkansas Science Essentials
environmental conditions on the survival of environmental conditions on the by environmental change survival of the fittest Lesson 16 pg. 80
individual organisms and entire species survival of individual organisms and *determine how a species adaptations
entire species are selected by environmental change
*analyze the effect of changes in
environmental conditions on the
survival of individual organisms and
entire species
2.3 Enduring Understanding - Humans influence Earth's natural balance.
2.3a Essential Question - In what ways does human activity help and hinder the Earth's natural balance?
ESS.8.8.1 Analyze the causes and predict the Analyze the causes and predict the *recognize the difference between smog Arkansas Science Essentials
consequences of global warming consequences of global warming greenhouse effect and global warming global warming Lesson 41 pg. 239
-weather -weather *identify causes of global warming greenhouse effect
-temperature -temperature *predict consequences of global ozone
-ocean water levels -ocean water levels warming CFCs
*analyze the causes and predict the
consequences of global warming
-weather
-temperature
-ocean water levels
2.4 Enduring Understanding - Although weather changes daily, trends can be observed and predicted over time.
2.4a Essential Question - How does movement of water in the hydrosphere illustrate equilibrium in nature?
ESS.8.8.2 Investigate how global patterns of water Investigate how global patterns of *identify global patterns of water Coriolis Effect Arkansas Science Essentials
currents influence local weather water currents influence local weather currents convection currents Lesson 42 pg. 249; Lesson 43 pg.
-Gulf Stream -Gulf Stream *relate global patterns of water El Nino 255
-Atlantic Currents -Atlantic Currents currents to local weather La Nina
-California Current -California Current *investigate how global patterns of
water currents influence local weather
-Gulf Stream
-Atlantic Currents
-California Current
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8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
THIRD NINE WEEKS
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education of all students. These frameworks are
into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
not scheduledUnderstanding - Earth is in constant change.
3.1 Enduring
instructor. All Nature of Scienceforces cause should be to change? the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
3.1a Essential Question - What frameworks the Earth learned by
ESS.9.8.1 Explain processes that have changed Explain processes that have changed *identify sudden events that have catastropism Arkansas Science Essentials
Earth's surface that have resulted from Earth's surface that have resulted from changed Earth's surface uniformitarianism Lesson 24 pg. 132; Lesson 47 pg.
sudden events (i.e., earthquakes and sudden events (i.e., earthquakes and *identify gradual change events 274; Lesson 50 pg. 290; Lesson 51
volcanoes) and gradual changes (i.e., uplift, volcanoes) and gradual changes (i.e., impacting Earth's surface pg. 294; Lesson 52 pg. 300
erosion, and weathering) uplift, erosion, and weathering) *explain processes that have changed
Earth's surface that have resulted from
sudden events (i.e., earthquakes and
volcanoes) and gradual changes (i.e.,
uplift, erosion, and weathering)
PS.6.8.1 Model how motion and forces change Model how motion and forces change *define compression, tension, compression Arkansas Science Essentials
Earth's surface Earth's surface weathering, and erosion shearing Lesson 21 pg.115; Lesson 22 pg. 121;
-compression *describe how motion and forces folding Lesson 23 pg. 126; Lesson 24 pg.
-tension change Earth's surface faulting 132; Lesson 25 pg. 137; Lesson 26
-weathering *model how motion and forces change tension pg. 145; Lesson 27 pg. 151; Lesson
-erosion Earth's surface 28 pg. 155
-compression
-tension
-weathering
-erosion
ESS.8.8.3 Conduct investigations to compare and Conduct investigations to compare *describe how mountains, plateaus, fault-block Arkansas Science Essentials
contrast different landforms found on Earth and contrast different landforms found and plains are formed (define essential folding Lesson 44 pg. 259
-mountains on Earth vocabulary as needed) volcanic
-plateaus -mountains *compare and contrast different types anticline
-plains -plateaus of landform formations syncline
-plains *conduct investigations to compare shearing - transform
and contrast different landforms found boundary
on Earth compression -
-mountains convergent boundary
-plateaus tension - divergent
-plains boundary
deformation
subduction
Revised 5-09 Page 10 of 22
8th Grade Science
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SLE Essential
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Number Vocabulary
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ESS.8.8.5 Compare and contrast the different
frameworks are essential by Earth's external *identify science education of all students. Lesson Science Essentials
components *determine how Earth's forces
The Nature of ScienceEarth's external forces: Compare and contrast the different to theEarth's externalexternal forces glaciers (U-shaped Arkansas44 pg. 259
landforms caused by landforms caused
These frameworks are
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
-plains forces: form plains, canyons, deltas, valleys, valley)
-canyons -plains and swamps flooding
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
-deltas -canyons *compare and contrast the different wind
-valleys -deltas landforms caused by Earth's external streams, rivers
-swamps -valleys forces: V - shaped valleys
-swamps -plains alluvial fan
-canyons
-deltas
-valleys
-swamps
ESS.8.8.4 Synthesize and model the result of both Synthesize and model the result of *identify constructive forces on land deposition Arkansas Science Essentials
constructive and destructive forces on land both constructive and destructive forms erosion Lesson 22 pg. 121; Lesson 23 pg.
forms forces on land forms *identify destructive forces on land weathering 126; Lesson 24 pg. 132; Lesson 25
-deposition -deposition forms crustal deformation pg. 137; Lesson 26 pg. 145; Lesson
-erosion -erosion *create models of constructive and plains 27 pg. 151
-weathering -weathering destructive forces on land forms canyons
-crustal deformation -crustal deformation *synthesize the result of constructive deltas
and destructive forces on land forms valleys
swamps
ESS.8.8.7 Use topographic maps to identify surface Use topographic maps to identify *define topographic map contour lines Arkansas Science Essentials
features of Earth surface features of Earth *identify surface features of Earth (i.e., contour interval Lesson 45 pg.264
mountains, plateaus, plains, streams, scale
elevations, etc.) relief
*use topographic maps to identify legend
surface features of Earth
ESS.8.8.8 Demonstrate an understanding of the Demonstrate an understanding of the *identify agents of erosion erosion Arkansas Science Essentials
agents of erosion agents of erosion *classify schematics as different Lesson 22 pg. 121; Lesson 23 pg.
-gravity -gravity agents of erosion (plant, animal, water, 126; Lesson 24 pg. 132; Lesson 25
-water -water ice, wind, gravity) pg. 137; Lesson 26 pg. 145; Lesson
-ice -ice *classify surface formations by the 27 pg. 151
-wind -wind agents of erosion
-animals, including humans -animals, including humans
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8th Grade Science
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Number Vocabulary
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ESS.8.8.9 Using models of rivers,
The Nature of Scienceaspredictslope, amount Using variables, such asinfer changes to thevariableswater,education loadall students. Lesson 25 pg. 137
when variables, such
frameworks are essential components *identify science composition of slope
load,
changes
when
models of rivers,
load, slope, slope, amount of
of rivers (i.e., load,
of Arkansas Science Essentials
These frameworks are
of water, into any particular amount They or the composition of stream bed)
not scheduled or the composition of a stream quarter. of water, should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
mature river
bed, are changed through erosion or a stream bed, are changed through *define load, slope, stream bed young river
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
deposition erosion or deposition *determine how erosion and deposition rejuvenated river
change variables old river
*using models of rivers, predict salinity
changes when variables, such as load,
slope, amount of water, or the
composition of a stream bed, are
changed through erosion or deposition
ESS.8.8.10 Explain how weathering and erosion affect Explain how weathering and erosion *discuss how weathering and erosion discharge Arkansas Science Essentials
the ocean's salinity affect the oceans salinity affect the fluctuations of ocean salinity evaporation Lesson 46 pg. 269
water cycle
3.1b Essential Question - What kind of historical breakthroughs relate to the study of external forces that change the Earth?
ESS.8.8.11 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and geologist Arkansas Science Essentials
breakthroughs related to external forces that historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to quarry manager Lesson 25 pg. 137; Lesson 26 pg.
change the Earth external forces that change the Earth external forces that change the Earth landfill 145; Lesson 27 pg. 151
volcanologist
seismologist
gemologist
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8th Grade Science
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CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science educationdivisions of Arkansas?frameworks are
3.1c Essential Question - What natural forces are responsible for creating the natural of all students. These
Research local, any particular quarter. They regional, andbe integrated local, regional, and state content at the discretion ofEssentials
not scheduled intoregional, and state
ESS.8.8.6 Research local, should state *Research with appropriate Gulf Coastal Plain- Arkansas Science the
landforms created by external forces on landforms created by external forces landforms created by external forces Southeast corner Lesson 1 pg. 1
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
Earth on Earth on Earth Arkansas River
-Gulf Coastal Plain -Gulf Coastal Plain -Gulf Coastal Plain Valley-Between the
-Arkansas River Valley -Arkansas River Valley -Arkansas River Valley Ouachita and Ozark
-Mississippi Alluvial Plain, including the -Mississippi Alluvial Plain, including -Mississippi Alluvial Plain, including Plateau
delta region the delta region the delta region Mississippi Alluvial
-Crowley's Ridge -Crowley's Ridge -Crowley's Ridge Plain-Southeast
corner to Crowley's
Ridge
Crowley's Ridge-
Northeast corner
Ozark Plateau-
Northwest corner
(erosional plateaus)
Ouachita Mountains-
Between the River
Valley and Coastal
Plain (true
mountains)
3.2 Enduring Understanding - Scientists determine the relative age of rocks by the laws of superposition and cross-cutting.
3.2a Essential Question - How do scientists determine the relative age of fossils?
ESS.9.8.2 Analyze how rock sequences may be Analyze how rock sequences may be *define igneous intrusion igneous intrusion Arkansas Science Essentials
disturbed disturbed *identify Earth's forces that may Lesson 44 pg. 259; Lesson 53 pg.
-erosion -erosion disturb rock sequences 305
-deposition -deposition *analyze how rock sequences may be
-igneous intrusion -igneous intrusion disturbed
-folding -folding -erosion
-faulting -faulting -deposition
-uplifting -uplifting -igneous intrusion
-folding
-faulting
-uplifting
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8th Grade Science
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ESS.9.8.3 Explain
Science determine the relative Explain agesscientists determine the *define superposition
The Nature ofhow scientists frameworks are essential components to the science education law of superposition Arkansas53 pg. 305
ages of fossils found in layers of relative
how
of fossils found in layers -law of
of all students. Lesson Science Essentials
law of cross-cutting
These frameworks are
not scheduled into any particular quarter. Theyrock
sedimentary rock of sedimentary should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
-law of cross-cutting
-law of superposition -law of superposition *explain how
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the scientists found in layers
-law of cross-cutting -law of cross-cutting
conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
relative ages of fossils
determine the
of sedimentary rock
-law of superposition
-law of cross-cutting
ESS.9.8.4 Apply geologic laws of superposition and Apply geologic laws of superposition *infer the history of the region based law of superposition Arkansas Science Essentials
cross-cutting to determine the relative age and cross-cutting to determine the on its rock formation law of cross-cutting Lesson 53 pg. 305
of rock in a cross section relative age of rock in a cross section *discuss how the laws of superposition
and cross-cutting are used to
determine the relative age of a rock in
a cross-section
*apply geologic laws of superposition
and cross-cutting to determine the
relative age of rock in a cross section
3.3 Enduring Understanding - Soil contains a complex mixture of different components.
3.3a Essential Question - What major components of soil are needed to sustain plant life?
ESS.8.8.12 Investigate the types of weathering involved Investigate the types of weathering *define organic compounds mechanical Arkansas Science Essentials
in the breakdown of organic and inorganic involved in the breakdown of organic *define inorganic compounds weathering Lesson 47 pg. 274
components of Earth's surface and inorganic components of Earth's *identify types of weathering involved chemical weathering
surface in the breakdown of organic and organic
inorganic compounds inorganic
*clarify how types of weathering
contribute to breakdown of
components of Earth's surface
*investigate the types of weathering
involved in the breakdown of organic
and inorganic components of Earth's
surface
Revised 5-09 Page 14 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
ESS.8.8.13 Illustrate soil profiles Illustrate soil profiles *explain
science education parent rock (bedrock) Arkansas48 pg. 279
soil horizons
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to thedifferent soil profiles
*identify types of
of all students. Lesson Science Essentials are
top soil
These frameworks
*illustrate with appropriate content at the discretion of the
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integratedsoil profiles humus
horizons A, B, C
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
subsoil
leaching
clay
ESS.8.8.14 Apply knowledge of soil profiles to local soil Apply knowledge of soil profiles to *collect local soil samples Arkansas Science Essentials
samples local soil samples *apply knowledge of soil profiles to Lesson 48 pg. 279
local soil samples
ESS.8.8.15 Investigate the formation of soil types Investigate the formation of soil types *identify types of soil Arkansas Science Essentials
*discuss how soil forms Lesson 48 pg. 279
*investigate the formation of soil types
ESS.8.8.16 Identify components of soil as inorganic or Identify components of soil as *identify living and nonliving things Arkansas Science Essentials
organic through investigations inorganic or organic through (matter) in the soil (i.e., rocks, air, Lesson 48 pg. 279
investigations water, worms, etc.)
*conduct investigations to identify
components of soil as inorganic or
organic through investigations
ESS.8.8.17 Identify the basic nutrients needed by plants Identify the basic nutrients needed by *identify the basic nutrients needed by fertilizer Arkansas Science Essentials
that are present in soils plants that are present in soils plants that are present in soils nitrogen - growth Lesson 49 pg. 285
-nitrogen -nitrogen -nitrogen phosphorus -
-phosphorus -phosphorus -phosphorus flowering
-potassium -potassium -potassium potassium - roots
ESS.8.8.18 Identify ways plants use organic and *identify ways etc. to grow
Recognize how plants use humus, water, air, minerals,plants use organic and Arkansas Science Essentials
inorganic components in the soil inorganic components in the soil (i.e., Lesson 48 pg. 279
hummus, water, air, minerals, etc.)
ESS.8.8.19 Investigate and analyze the composition of Investigate and analyze the *identify types of soil clay Arkansas Science Essentials
a variety of soils composition of a variety of soils *conduct investigations to determine sand Lesson 48 pg. 279
composition peat
*analyze composition
ESS.8.8.20 Conduct investigations on soil permeability Conduct investigations on soil *define porosity porosity Arkansas Science Essentials
permeability *define permeability permeability Lesson 26 pg. 145
*conduct investigations on soil
permeability
Revised 5-09 Page 15 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
FOURTH NINE WEEKS
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education of all students. These frameworks are
into any particular quarter. of celestial be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
not scheduledUnderstanding - The motion They shouldbodies result in patterns of observable phenomena.
4.1 Enduring
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned sun to the Earth impact astronomical events and daily
4.1a Essential Question - How does the relative position of the by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
occurrences?
ESS.10.8.1 Summarize the effects of gravity on bodies Summarize the effects of gravity on *define mass and weight mass Arkansas Science Essentials
in space bodies in space *relate mass and weight to gravity weight Lesson 54pg. 310; Lesson 55 pg.
*summarize the effects of gravity on gravity 315
bodies in space
ESS.10.8.2 Identify variables that affect the amount of Identify variables that affect the *identify variables that affect the Arkansas Science Essentials
gravitational force between two objects amount of gravitational force between amount of gravitational force between Lesson 56 pg. 321
-mass of the objects two objects two objects
-distance between the objects -mass of the objects -mass of the objects
-distance between the objects -distance between the objects
ESS.10.8.3 Relate the effects of the moons gravitational Relate the effects of the moons *relate the effects of the moons high tides Arkansas Science Essentials
force on Earth's ocean tides gravitational force on Earth's ocean gravitational force on Earth's ocean low tides Lesson 54 pg. 310
tides tides spring tides
neap tides
ESS.10.8.4 Identify the causes of the following: Identify the causes of the tides *recognize how the force of the moon's Arkansas Science Essentials
-high tides -high tides gravity affects the tides on Earth Lesson 54pg. 310
-low tides -low tides -high tides
-spring tides -spring tides -low tides
-neap tides -neap tides -spring tides
-neap tides
4.2 Enduring Understanding - Galaxies contain billions of objects that can not be seen by naked eye due to their great
distance from Earth.
4.2a Essential Question - What are the relationships between the universe, galaxies, our solar system, and other celestial
bodies?
ESS.10.8.5 Define the terms galaxy and universe Define the terms galaxy and universe *define the terms galaxy and universe galaxy Arkansas Science Essentials
universe Lesson 57 pg. 325
solar system
Revised 5-09 Page 16 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
ESS.10.8.6 Illustrate the appearance of galaxies as Illustrate the appearance of galaxies *define clarity
The Nature of Science frameworks are seen through a components to thetypes of galaxies according to irregular students. Lesson 57 pg. 325
seen through a telescope as
essential telescope *identify
science education spiral of all Arkansas Science Essentials
These frameworks are
clarity and with
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated shape appropriate content at the discretion of the
-clarity -clarity elliptical
-shape -shape *illustrate the appearance of galaxies
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter.
as seen through a telescope
-clarity
-shape
ESS.10.8.7 Compare and contrast the Milky Way Compare and contrast the Milky Way *describe the Milky Way Galaxy Milky Way Arkansas Science Essentials
Galaxy to other galaxies Galaxy to other galaxies *identify and describe various galaxies Lesson 57 pg. 325
*compare and contrast the Milky Way
Galaxy to other galaxies
ESS.10.8.8 Illustrate the position of our solar system Illustrate the position of our solar *define light year and astronomical unit light year Arkansas Science Essentials
within the Milky Way Galaxy system within the Milky Way Galaxy *identify the position of our solar AU - astronomical Lesson 57 pg. 325
system within the Milky Way Galaxy unit
*illustrate the position of our solar
system within the Milky Way Galaxy
ESS.10.8.9 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and astronomer Arkansas Science Essentials
breakthroughs related to gravity, galaxies, historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to Galileo Lesson 55 pg. 315; Lesson 57 pg.
and the universe gravity, galaxies, and the universe gravity, galaxies, and the universe Kepler 325
Copernicus
4.3 Enduring Understanding - Matter is composed of particles which combine in predictable ways.
4.3a Essential Question - What composes all matter?
PS.5.8.1 Compare the atomic theory to the Compare the atomic theory to the *recount characteristics of a scientific Atomic Theory Arkansas Science Essentials
characteristics of a scientific theory characteristics of a scientific theory theory Lesson 17 pg. 85
*discuss the atomic theory
*compare the atomic theory to the
characteristics of a scientific theory
PS.5.8.2 Explain the structure of atoms Explain the structure of atoms *specify components of an atom atom Arkansas Science Essentials
proton (+) Lesson 18 pg. 93
neutron (0)
electron (-)
nucleus
electron levels
Revised 5-09 Page 17 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
PS.5.8.3 Determine the number of
of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education Atomic number ( = Arkansas Science Essentials
The Nature electrons in an atom protons, neutrons, Determineand electronsof protons,
and neutrons,
the number
in an atom
*define atomic number
*define mass number
of all students. These frameworks
protons) Lesson 19 pg. 101
are
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at( the discretion of the
*determine the number of protons, mass number =
neutrons, and electrons in an atom
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd + Neutrons) Protons
AMU
quarter.
ions
isotopes
PS.5.8.4 Create atomic models of common elements Create atomic models of common *identify common elements Bohr models Arkansas Science Essentials
elements *illustrate atomic models of common Lewis structure Lesson 20 pg. 107
elements
*create atomic models of common
elements
PS.5.8.5 Investigate scientists, careers, and historical Investigate scientists, careers, and *investigate scientists, careers, and Dalton Arkansas Science Essentials
breakthroughs related to the atomic theory historical breakthroughs related to the historical breakthroughs related to the Bohr Lesson 17 pg. 85
atomic theory atomic theory
4.4 Enduring Understanding - Waves transfer energy, have measurable properties, and behave in predictable ways.
4.4a Essential Question - How does a change in energy affect the characteristics of a wave?
PS.7.8.4 Conduct investigations demonstrating the Conduct investigations demonstrating *explain the different parts of a wave amplitude Arkansas Science Essentials
characteristics of a wave the characteristics of a wave *conduct investigations demonstrating wavelength Lesson 32 pg. 184
-wavelength -wavelength the characteristics of a wave frequency
-frequency -frequency speed
-speed -speed crest
-amplitude -amplitude trough
PS.7.8.5 Conduct investigations of longitudinal and Conduct investigations of longitudinal *define longitudinal waves longitudinal Arkansas Science Essentials
transverse waves to determine how they are and transverse waves to determine *define transverse waves (compression) Lesson 33 pg. 189
different how they are different *discuss differences between the two rarefaction
types of waves transverse
*conduct investigations of longitudinal
and transverse waves to determine
how they are different
Revised 5-09 Page 18 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
4.4b Essential Question - What are the characteristics of wave the science education of all students. These frameworks are
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential components totypes?
Explain how energy is particular quarter. They should be *identify different appropriate content at the discretion ofEssentials
not scheduled into anytransferred through Explain how energy is transferred integrated withtypes of waves
PS.7.8.6 conduction Arkansas Science the
waves through waves *explain how energy is transferred convection Lesson 28 pg. 155; Lesson 32 pg.
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter. 184; Lesson 33 pg. 189; Lesson 34
-seismic waves -seismic waves through waves radiation
-sound waves -sound waves -seismic waves seismic (p, s, l pg. 194
-water waves -water waves -sound waves waves)
-electromagnetic waves -electromagnetic waves -water waves volcanoes
-electromagnetic waves
PS.7.8.7 Describe how waves travel through different *describe the three phases of matter *describe the three phases of matter solid Arkansas Science Essentials
kinds of media and how waves travel through them and how waves travel through them liquid Lesson 32 pg. 184; Lesson 35 pg.
gas 200; Lesson 36 pg. 206
density
PS.7.8.8 Differentiate among reflection, refraction, Differentiate among reflection, *define reflection of waves reflection Arkansas Science Essentials
and absorption of various types of waves refraction, and absorption of various *define refraction of waves refraction Lesson 34 pg. 194
types of waves *define absorption of waves absorption
4.5 Enduring Understanding - Electrical currents produce magnetic fields. Changing magnetic fields produce electric
currents.
4.5a Essential Question - How does an electrical current produce a magnet?
PS.6.8.2 Conduct investigations demonstrating the Conduct investigations demonstrating *define field force force field Arkansas Science Essentials
field force (lines of force) in magnetic fields the field force (lines of force) in *identify magnetic field protons Lesson 29 pg. 163
magnetic fields *identify lines of force in magnetic neutrons
fields magnetic north
*conduct investigations demonstrating true north
the field force (lines of force) in
magnetic fields
PS.6.8.4 Analyze and compare the relationship Analyze and compare the relationship *determine the relationship between generator Arkansas Science Essentials
between electricity and magnetism between electricity and magnetism electricity and magnetism motor Lesson 30 pg. 168
*analyze and compare the relationship transformer
between electricity and magnetism
PS.6.8.5 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and Heavy machine
breakthroughs related to motion and forces historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to operator
that change Earth's surface electricity and magnetism electricity and magnetism Junkyard Technician
Revised 5-09 Page 19 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
The Nature of Science frameworks are magnet produce an electrical science education of all students. These frameworks are
4.5b Essential Question - How does a essential components to the current?
Design and conduct investigations applying Design They should be *identify variables appropriate variables: Arkansas Science the
not scheduled into any particular quarter. and conduct investigationsintegrated with affecting strength of content at the discretion ofEssentials
PS.6.8.3
variables affecting the strength of an applying variables affecting the an electromagnet gauge of wire Lesson 30 pg. 168
*design and conclusion of
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworks should be learned by theconduct investigations the 3rd quarter.
electromagnet strength of an electromagnet (Ohm's)
applying variables affecting the # of coils
Create electromagnets with different strength of an electromagnet size of nails, etc.
gauges of wire, coils, nail size voltage of battery
Distinguish which electromagnet is
able to pick up the most paper clips or
staples
4.6 Enduring Understanding - Electrical currents provide a means of transferring electrical energy.
4.6a Essential Question - How do series circuits differ from parallel circuits?
PS.7.8.1 Construct open and closed electrical circuits Construct open and closed electrical *define series circuit series Arkansas Science Essentials
-series circuits circuits *define parallel circuit parallel Lesson 31 pg. 177
-parallel circuits *differentiate between open and closed
circuits
*construct open and closed electrical
circuits
-series circuits
-parallel circuits
PS.7.8.2 Describe and diagram open and closed Describe and diagram open and *describe and diagram open and resistance (ohms) Arkansas Science Essentials
series and parallel circuits closed series and parallel circuits closed series and parallel circuits switch Lesson 31 pg. 177
voltage (volts)
PS.7.8.3 Compare and contrast open and closed Compare and contrast open and *identify circuits as closed or open current (amps) Arkansas Science Essentials
series circuits and parallel circuits closed series circuits and parallel *compare and contrast open and Lesson 31 pg. 177
circuits closed series circuits and parallel
circuits
Revised 5-09 Page 20 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
The Enduring Understanding - Energy can be neither created or destroyed but can be changed from one formframeworks are
4.7 Nature of Science frameworks are essential components to the science education of all students. These to another.
not scheduled into any particular quarter. Theyby their be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of the
The different forms of energy can be identified should properties.
4.7a Essential Question - What frameworks should be learned by the conclusion of the
instructor. All Nature of Scienceare some energy transformations that occur in daily life?3rd quarter.
PS.7.8.9 Describe and diagram the electromagnetic Illustrate the wavelengths of the *define the various components of the X-ray Arkansas Science Essentials
spectrum spectrum moving from left to right electromagnetic spectrum gamma Lesson 37 pg. 215
*describe the electromagnetic ultraviolet
spectrum visible
*illustrate the wavelengths of the infrared
spectrum moving from left to right microwave
radio
electromagnetic
spectrum
PS.7.8.10 Analyze the electromagnetic spectrum Compare the benefits or harmful *identify the benefits of the different Benefits: Arkansas Science Essentials
effects of the different types of waves types of waves of the electromagnetic UV rays-vitamin D Lesson 37 pg. 215
of the electromagnetic spectrum spectrum X-ray and gamma-
*identify the harmful effects of the radiation treatment
different types of waves of the Infrared-night vision,
electromagnetic spectrum warmth
*compare the benefits or harmful Radio-communication
effects of the different types of waves Microwave-
of the electromagnetic spectrum communication and
cooking
Harmful:
UV rays, X-ray,
gamma-skin cancer,
cataracts
PS.7.8.11 Investigate examples of real world uses of Investigate examples of real world *identify examples of real world uses medical Arkansas Science Essentials
the electromagnetic spectrum uses of the electromagnetic spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum breakthroughs (CT, Lesson 37 pg. 215
*Investigate examples of real world MRIs)
uses of the electromagnetic spectrum technology:
tvs, radios,
microwaves, remote
controls, lasers
PS.7.8.12 Conduct investigations demonstrating the Demonstrate that when white light is *discuss white light prism Arkansas Science Essentials
separation of white light into its spectrum slowed down it bends and separates *demonstrate that when white light is diffraction gradient Lesson 37 pg. 215
using refraction into the spectrum slowed down it bends and separates
into the spectrum
Revised 5-09 Page 21 of 22
8th Grade Science
AR Department of Education
SLE Essential
CONTENT STANDARD/ Objective Task Analysis Materials/Resources
Number Vocabulary
Student Learning Expectations (SLE)
PS.7.8.13 Compare ways to transfer information Compare ways to
components *identify science education of optics
The Nature of Science frameworks are essential transfer information to theways toto transfer information fiberall students. Lesson 37 pg. 215; Lesson 38 pg.
-sound -sound *compare ways
transfer information Arkansas Science Essentials
These frameworks are
222; Lesson 39 pg. the
not scheduled into any particular quarter. They should be integrated with appropriate content at the discretion of 226; Lesson 40
-light -light -sound
-radio -radio
instructor. All Nature of Science frameworksenergy
-microwave energy -microwave
-light
should be learned by the conclusion of the 3rd quarter. pg. 234
-radio
-microwave energy
PS.7.8.14 Investigate careers, scientists, and historical Investigate careers, scientists, and *investigate careers, scientists, and Medical technician Arkansas Science Essentials
breakthroughs related to waves and the historical breakthroughs related to historical breakthroughs related to sonar, GPS - Lesson 37 pg. 215
electromagnetic spectrum waves and the electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic oceanographer
spectrum spectrum military
Revised 5-09 Page 22 of 22