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uGefysLwm rsufESmjyifay:u wkdufyGJawGuvnf; rsm;
vmw,f?
J S
yGuawmh pnfawmhrmyg? ppftm%m&Sipepfu tok;H f
csygvdrfhr,f? [kdwkef;uvkd jr0wDr*~Zif;u pifwifay;wmrsKd;
f
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‘Auy’ uawmh 'DtxJ 0ifygrm r[kwygb;l ? uk,hf f d
f G f G dk
+cHu ckexuom;olawGuvnf; ‘ab;rJ’ ay;xm;ygw,f?? h
5
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
Hk ta&;awmfykH
(1) “tm&yfpwki”tkºH ur_ udpe@J ywfouf+y;D tar&duef &Dywf
df P Hk S f
ta&;awmfywck awmfvea&;w&yf[m b,fwe;f k
bvpfygwacgi;f aqmif rufue;f u p+yD; ajymwmvk@d rSwom;
D d f JG
urS “=uufuef; qeft;dk wk;d ” rawmfwq atmify&w,f&,fv@dk
G
rdw,f? aemufawmh jynfwi;f uyg vkuajymvmw,f?d f d _ dS S f S
r&Sb;l ? 'ga=umifh jyifqifr&&dS enf;y&d,m,freref wpkwpnf;
d S
rufue;f &J@ c&D;pOfrm 'Dupu aqG;aEG;p&m acgi;f pD;wck
dP _ JG
wnf;aom acgi;f aqmifre@J atmifyt&,l&rSmyg?
Hk f d
jzpfy&w,f? OD;ode;f pdew@dk udk em;cswmomru wjcm;awG@whJ Ekif
iHa&;ygwD§yk*~KdvfawGeJ@vnf; tawmfuav; aqG;aEG;oGm;ykH (6) 1988 u 2011 txd ‘23’ESpf tawG@t}uKudk rSereuefuef H fSf
&w,f? d f
aygi;f ±k;H ed*;Hk csKyfcsuf vky=f uzk@d vkygw,f? 'grS rSeuefwhJ enf; y&d
H k f
,m,f t& bkvyief;pOfwck &vmrSmyg?
f df
(2) u|eawmfw@dk uawmh “tm&yfpwki”rsK;d Armjynfrm rjzpfEif S dk
f h J dk
bl;vk@d yJ wGuw,f? bma=umifvqawmh u|eawmfw@dk wki;f f d
jynfu tm&yfwi;f jynfawGe@J rwlv@dk y? tm&yf(rlqvif) wki;f
dk
jynfawGu c&pf,mef Oa&myeJ@ “c±kqdwfppfyGJ” ESpf(200)
J d
“tm&yfpwkdif”r[kwf/
avmuf wkuc&wmyJ? tJ'D “c±kqwf ppfy”awG jzpfaewke;f u
d f hJ d JG “jrefrmh[ef”
S
yk*jH ynfrmu “vSn;f 0if±;dk oH wnHn”acwfy? H J
olw@dk qrmvkd qGee-&D,m uGaeykrsK;d vnf; r&Sb;l ?
D S f D S J H d vlxk tkHºur_ jzpfr,f?
S f dk d
Armjynfrm xGuwhJ "mwfaiG@qwmukvnf; tdre;D csi;f avmuf f
f
uyJ pdw0ifpm;wmyJ? a&eHe@J "mwfaiG@ tm%mykiawGu jc,f df
vS,f=uwmrSm wl=uw,fqkdayr,fh twkdif;twmcsif;u
uGmjcm;vSw,f?
t"du rwlwmu tm&yfawGu wcsewcgu wefc;dk df
h d f d
xGm;cJz;l w,f? Oa&myukawmif wpdwwyki;f v$r;f rk;d cJz;l w,f? h
Oa&myu tck jyef+y;D vufpm;acsaewmyJ? Armuawmh od=uwJh
d d H
twki;f yJ? orki;f jzpfay:ykcsi;f uGjJ ym;ygw,f?
S D d
(3) Armjynfrmu rlqvifnaemiftzG@J rsK;d r&Sb;l ? t,fac'g
d d d dfH df
*k%;f rsK;d r&Sb;l ? &Swmu Ekiia&;0g'eJ@ vrf;pOfudk tajccHwhJ EkiiH
D d f d hf
a&;ygwawGyJ &Sw,f? ppftm%m&Sipepfudk uk,enf;uk,[ef d hf
eJ@ qef@usi=f uwm &Sw,f? d
h f f
'ga=umifyJ ppftm%m&Sipepf qef@usia&; vlxtHk k
ºur_ jzpf&if “jrefrmh[ef”yJ jzpfrSmvkd@ wxpfcs ajymaewm
jzpfw,f?
f
(4) 1988 tkºH ur_[m “jrefrmh[ef”tkºH ur_yJ r[kwvm;? jrefrmh
[ef“qkd&S,fvpftrnfcH ppftm%m&Sifpepf”ukd jrefrmh[ef
k d f f
vlxtºHk ur_e@J wkuzsuc=hJ uwmyJ r[kwvm;? f
d
c&D;yef;wkif ra&mufwmu wu¾yg? “jrefrmh[ef”
vkyf=uvkd@ r[kwfbl;? jyifqifcsdef rvkHavmufvkd@ jzpfw,f? (a&$ a tmif p nf )
d hJ J
ta[mif;ukd +zKd+yD;&if topfe@J tpm;xk;d zk@d jyifqifr_ r&Scv@dk y?
k l
vlxu a&S@a&mufae+yD; acgi;f aqmifou aemuf+rD;qGJ jzpfae
J d f h Hk f
vk@d y? uk,u jyifqifr_ rjynfpayr,fh ppftm%m&Sipepfu jyif
qifr_ jynfpaevk@d y?
h Hk J vlxku aygufuGJvmrS enf;y&d,m,fvrf;pOf/ bkH
f
vkyief;pOf &Smae&&if/ acgi;f aqmifr_ &Smae&&if 1988 pufwif
d
(5) 1988 tkºH ur_[m t+y;D tykif ±_;H oGm;wm r[kwb;l ? ,m,D
f d hf
bmoifcef;pmyJ xyf+yD; &ygvrr,f? ?
hf
ta&;edrwm jzpfw,f?
6
pmtky/f pmayESihf tjrif/ rSwcsuf
f Hk
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
(1) Armjynfe@J w±kwjf ynf orki;f jzpfay:ykcsi;f rwlb;l ? vk;H
d H ygw,f?
vkH;uGJjym;w,fqkdwmukd odzkd@ avhvmoifhw,f? umv df
(Armuvnf; t*Fvypmvk;H aygi;f ukd Armenf;eJ@yJ
wyki;f rSm wloa,mifa,mif &Swmukd uk,qENpe@J aygi;f +y;D
d d d hf JG f
aygi;f wwfv@dk jy\em jzpfw,f? tckwavmrSm “*Gra'gi;f ”
“a,bk,stm;jzifh wlw,f”vk@d ,lqrd&if ody+f yD; rSm;yg h
wk@d bmwk@d jzpfaewmom =unfawmh? Armu w±kwe@J f
hf
vdrr,f? d f dk f d H k H
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tckrS “*Grfa'gif;”jzpfoGm;wmyg? ArmjynfxJu “yl
(u) ya'o&mZfpepf csKyf+ir;f ykcsi;f ukd ,SO=f unfyg?
d H h d G
awmif;”awmifrS “ylwmtk”jzpfom;zl;wmyJ? wav#muf
vk;H vk;H rwlygb;l ? olw@dk qrm jynfwi;f awmfvea&;a=umifh
DS G Sf h d
vk;H “avm”vk@d ac:cJwmu tck “vmtk”jzpfaeovkrsK;d d
ya'o&mZfpepf ysufokOf;wmyg? (wjznf;jznf;csif;yJ ysuf yg?)
w,f) tJ'gu (1911) rSmyg? f dk f
vlemrnf trSw& cuf&ifvnf; rwwfEiyg? jzpf
f
- u|eawmfw@dk qrmu (1911)wke;f u oDaygrif;
D S f d
pOfudk rSwr&if &ygw,f?
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l f f f aemufykdif;tcef;awGrSmawmh emrnfrSwf&wm
- Armya'o&mZfpepfudk t*Fvyu twif;t d f S
cufrm r[kwygb;l ?f
f d S
usyf zsuor;f ypfwmyJ? w±kwjf ynfrmu w±kwjf ynfou l
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f d f
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d f
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(c) w±kwjf ynfrm yDuif;ukd ppfb&ifawG wOD;+yD;
S k Sf H
jynfawmfvea&;vrf;a=umif;ukd }uq&mrSm tok;H csz@dk zwf
wOD; odr;f w,f? orRwopf pdw}f uKduf cef@=uw,f? d d f Sf
&rSmyg?rwlwmukorS w±kwawmfvea&; vrf;a=umif;t
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S d wkdif; ArmjynfawmfvSefa&;u ykHwlul;csvkd@ r&Ekdifbl;qkd
odr;f EkiwhJ rif;avmif; r&Sb;l ?
df d wmukd odrmyg? S
S f
Armjynfawmfvea&;vrf;a=umif;u “21-&mpk
(*) *syefusL;ausmrudk olw@dk u pGr;f tm;&Sor#
f _ d vrf;a=umif;opf”jzpf&rSmyg? Armjynf&@J yuwdtajctae
tefww,f? wkuw,f?
k d f d hf G
t& uk,O;D aESmufe@J wDxi}f uHq&rSmyg?
f d f hJ
- u|eawmfw@dk u Ekiwbufudk uyfaygi;f &wmyJ?
Sf f dk f
“awmfvea&;ppfppf”vkyEiwm r[kwygb;l ? f
d dk D f d
- ukveb0rSm vkyz@dk vnf; tajctae r&Sygb;l ?
awmfvea&;tawG;tac:om &SwmyJ? awmfvea&; vkyEif
Sf d Sf f dk a'guf w moef ; xG e f ;
f d df
wJh tcsutvuf r&Sygb;l ? t*Fvyu wrif ESrxm;wmyJ? df “t&if {u&mZf tck vl”pmtkyf
(C) yx0Dtaetxm;/ wki;f jynftus,t0ef;/
d f (ygwD0ifawG) avhvmoifhw,f?
vlO;D a&ærwlwmawGu yuwd t&Sw&m;yJ? d
df
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d
u wki;f usyjf ynfusyyg?f
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ay:yk”csi;f rwlwmukd avhvmzk@d y? (rwlwmawGudk a&;wm
G f f JG
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f d f D
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f hJ hJ
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f
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d f
wmoef;xGe;f uvnf; t*Fvyf pmvk;H aygi;f (w±kwenf;eJ@
aygif;xm;wm) ukd tajccH&wmqkdawmh ykd+yD; rSwf&cuf v_dif;jrifh
7
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
Hk EkdifiHa&;
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pwkwr¾dKif (tquf)
wifha0xGef;
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H
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bl;vd@k rajymEdiyg?
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t&m&S}d u;D u ‘owfoukd wd@k vnf;odw,f? rif;wd@k vnf;
l 'DyJ,if;('b,if;)rSm usqHk;olawG b,f
odw,f’ vd@k ajyma=umif; a&;cJw,f?
h dS
avmuf&ovJ rodyg?
tJ'gukd qufygr,f? tcktxd tzrf;cHae&ol b,favmuf&ovJ dS
k
qdwmvnf; rodygb;l ?
f
vkyor#i@kH rcH f d P kd f
a':pk vGwvmawmh 'Dupuir,f xifcw,f? hJ
d f hJ
tcseus&if ajymr,fv@kd yJ xifcw,f? 'gayrJh ajymoH
S f
wa,mufEpa,muf towfc&wke;f u t H r=um;&bl;? ‘tmCmw rxm;bl;’ qdwavoHoohJ k hJ hJ
avmif;udk +rKd @ay:o,fvm+y;D vlxukd wdiwnfwmyJ vkyf
k kf =um;&w,f?
w,f? aemufawmh av;ig;a,muf towfcvm&w,f? H f D
u|eawmfw@kd tJ'avmuf oabmxm; r}uD;
k
vlxukd wdiwnf/ rsu&nfcx;kd wmvnf;vkyf
kf f H kf
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atmufwyfz@JG uav; zG@J w,f? olu wa,mufowf&if ‘+rdK@jyaysmuf=um;wyfz@JG a&;’
D l
tJ'owfoukd ‘ajratmufwyfz@JG uav;’ u jyefowf+y;D
vufpm;acsw,f? vufpm;acswm jzpfa=umif;vnf; H S d
'D}uqcsuf vli,fwufºuolawGrm &Sw,fv@kd
tavmif;rSm pmuyfxm;cJw,f? h f S
=um;&ygw,f? 'b,if; +yD;pu u|eawmfw@kd rm 'D}uH
8
Hk
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
f d kd
qcsursKd ; &Sygw,f? ‘vufeufuif ajratmufvy&m; _f S f kf
oltvkyf vkyaeEdiw,f? tvky&rS f dS
h
wJwyfz@JG ’ (A U/G) zG@J z@dk yg? vufpm;acsz@kd yg? D
,leazmif; aumuf0wf+y;D vufpm;acsyJG
u|efawmfwdk@}uHqcsufu +rdK@jy/ aus;vuf vkywmyJ?f
d d
rcGjJ cm;yg? raumif;olxyf aumif;olxyf xdcsi&mxd f k f H
- AdvcsKyfatmifqef;wd@k vky}f uHc&awmh
k J_ f
qdwhJ AH;k cGrrsKd ;awmh b,fawmhrS rvkyygb;l ? vkycsi&if f f vufpm;acsyGJ rvkyfawmhbl;? olwdk@
f f
vG,ygw,f? olrsm;vkywmvnf; raxmufcEiygb;l ? H kd f k S f
zqyv qd&,vpfwyfe@J (2) zuf em;
k f d
vlxqef@usia&;vuQ%m&SwhJ t=urf;zuf k f
vnfr_ ,lxm;vduw,f? 1948 rwf
_ f
+cdr;f ajcmufrrsKd ; vkyv@kd uawmh ppftm%m&Sit}udKuf f G kd
vusrS jynfwi;f ppfwu=f u&wm jzpf
f S
vkyay;wmyJ jzpfrmrd@k yg? k S f
w,f? wcsKd @vnf; qd&,vpf r[kwol f
k
awG awmcdvm=uw,f? wyfaygi;f pk zG@J
kf k k D kd
bmyJvyvyf vlxukd rSc&r,f? jzpfw,f?
tck -
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k D kd kd f
jzpf vlxukd rScEirS jzpfajrmufygw,f? fS d
ESprm v,form;or*~ r&Sawmhb;l ?
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r,f? ‘(A U/G) wyfz@JG ’udk vufa&G;pif *syefawmfvef S weHwvsm;rSm tajcusus jzpfae+yD?
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rSmv,form; nrSm ajymufusm;’ vkywmyg? ppf0wfpkH f olawGu tdk=u+yD? vlopfarG;&r,f?
eJ@vufeuftjynfh wyfqifay;ygw,f? tajccHup+yD; ppfynmvufeufynm
k f k f
ud,owoifr,fouyJ a&G;+yD;okwoifyg h l kd f oifay;&awmhr,f? vlopfarG;a&;uyJ
D f
w,f? tJ'vkd okwoifz@kd tqH;k tjzwfukd c±ditqifuyJ kf h S
cufrmyg? ppfynm/ vufeufynmu
qH;k jzwfay;ygw,f? A&rf;Awm vufpm;acsa&; rjzpfz@dk yg? f
vG,ygw,f?
k S f
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tajccHvxpnf;±H;k a&;udk tpu
wmyg? &GmrD;±_@d wmawmif olw@kd vyygw,f? u|eawmf k f f f
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k k
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9
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
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vkuf rodbmom aeae&onf? jynfwi;f ppfcif wkuye,f G G d f JG
f
u|eawmfw@dk apmifxyf tiSm;ulxrf;olu tpk;d &wyfxu/f k G ajrrS jynforsm;. rdrb0 &Sioef&yfwnfa&;qki&m vlr_
l d f df
aemufwa,mufuvnf; ppfxGuf/ OD;&ifarmifuvnf; H
qufqa&; enf;vrf;wrsK;d [k qk&vdrrnf? u|eawmfh twGi;f d hf f
G
ppfxu/f ppfyJG tqufrjywfonfh e,fajrawG jzpfaeIavm f S
pdwrmjzifh Ttxmpum;u tar;ykpmwck jzpfaeonf? >
dk f
rod/ ppfbufqi&mESihf ywfoufonfh ppfxursm;csn;f yJ G f [efaqmifI u|eawmfu tdr&iZeD;tm; apmifawG jzef@jyf f Sf
awG@ae&.? tpk;d &wyfEihf vrf;rSm yufyif;wk;d I ppfvm;aq; S ta&mif;t0,fpum;av; bmav; ajymae&aomfvnf; bm
vm; jzpfaeygu ppfxursm;a=umifh ajymtm;qktm; &Ekif G f d d jy\emvJ qkonfudk odcsiae.? u|eawmfw@dk b,furS
d f f dk
d dk f
onf[k rdru,udk tm;ay;vku&onf? (aemufyi;f KNU d f dk qufroGm;/ atmifcsr;f om&Gmbuf jyefvmcJ=h u.?
rS awmacgi;f wa,muf tpk;d & wyfxuqwm awG@vu& G f dk dk f OD;&ifarmifuawmh ygwrS q&matmifa0wk@d tzG@J D
jyefao;onf ) ? f
awG@&zk@d rvG,b;l qkonfuyJ ajymaeawmhonf? cufu+yD/ d dk
jzwfoef;vmonfh vrf;wav#mufrm uGr;f oD;yifawG S vm&usK;d reyfygvm;? atmifcsr;f omu tdra&muf+y;D rSyJ u|ef f
uGr;f +cHawG tawmfrsm;rsm; awG@&onf? a=omf- 'ga=umifh awmf pdwysupjyKvmonf? f f
l
“uGr;f oD; awmifie@J ”vk@d qkwmuk;d [k atmufarhr.? awmif d d d
“[kae@u ajymvkuwhJ tkwjf zwfuudpP qkwm bm d f d
G
ile,fwi;f a&muf¶aeonfudk owdjyKronf? uGr;f oD;+cawGudS d H vJAs”æ [k ar;prf;=unfronf? hd
atmufajcrSm &Si;f ae+yD; yifajcrSm a&ajrmif;av;awG azmuf OD;&ifarmifonf xifxm;wmxuf u|eawmftay: f h
f
oG,xm;wm awG@&onf? acsmif;i,f ajrmif;i,fav;awG ykd azmfa&Gaeonf? u|eawmfar;onfar;cGe;f ukd at;at;aq; f h
jzwf&mrSm uGr;f oD;yifv;Hk awGjzwf pDcif;xm;onfh wHwm;av; aq; ajymjyonf?
awGvnf; awG@&onf? ¶Gmuef@vef@rwqifh rD;wkiawm ponfh S df “q&matmifa0wk@d tzGrS &JabmfEpa,muf tkwf hJ S f
&GmawGjzwfI atmifcsrf;omqkdonfh ¶Gmw¶Gma&mufoGm; S
jzwfrm vufeufcswup/P olw@dk azmfvrr,fajymwm? tck hJ d d hf
DG
onf? tJ'¶mrSm &Sr;f vlrsK;d trsm;pk aeonf xifonf? tm;vk;H f
u|eawmfw@dk aewJh 'D&mukd vmzl;w,f? 'DvufeufcsawG b,f G
54
Hk
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
tdrf 0ifovJ? olw@dk vl b,fov/J tpk;d &wyfu pkprf; ppfaq; l H fd f
aeonf? pk;d &drpwrsm;pGmESihf xkoudk rsujf cnfrjywf =unfh d l
&if azmfEkdifw,f ajymwm? &JabmfESpfa,mufqkdwm wpf aerdonf? xky*K~ vuæ dk d f
a,mufu trsK;d orD;/ olu au'g? ole@J ESpa,mufwJG oGm;ae f “'Dtdrfu ukd&ifarmif b,foGm;vJ? cifAsm;u
us tJ'aumife@J yJ 'DtrsK;d orD; ,lvuwm jzpfvrr,f/ 'g
D dk f d hf b,fuvJӾponfar;cGe;f awG ar;aeI u|eawmfo@l udk h f
a=umifh vkyay;&wmrvG,b;l / tEW&m,frsm;w,f” æ [k
f f [efrysuf tuJcwf=unfae&if;rSæ h
OD;&ifarmifu &Si;f jyonf? f S
“tdr&if OD;&ifarmif u|eawmf ,lvmwJh apmifawG f
u|eawmf pk;d &drpwrsm;aeonf? ¶kyrysuatmif
f f d f f f oGm;a&mif;aew,f/ u|eawmfu apmifvma&mif;wJh apmif f
owdxm;ae&onf? ntcsef OD;&ifarmif tdy&m0ifpOf bk&m; d f onfygӾvk@d owdxm; tvkuoifh ajymjyvkuonf? d f d f
&dSckd;oH=um;&onf? a=omfæ bmoma&; ukdif;¶_dif;&Smolyg d l
xkouæ“cifAsm;b,ft&yfu apmifvma&mif;
vm;vk@d u|eawmf tH=h o&onf? olonf awmfvea&;ukd
f S f wmvJӾpum;qufar;aejyefonf?
oabmw&m;a&;&mawGxuf vufawG@EkdifiHa&;vkyfief; “ u|efawmf &efukefbufuyg tnmzsif=urf;
taumiftxnfazmfa&;rSm jynfowOD;taeESihf ulnvyf l D k apmifawG rSm,l+yD; e,ftES@H vkua&mif;olygӾ vk@d apmif d f
aqmifay;oltjzpf u|awmf odjrifoabmayguvmonf? f f
vdyawG jzef@jyvkuonf? d f
wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh q&matmifa0ac: &Jabmf&Jatmif “cifAsm;apmifuvnf; tom;usvuwm 'grsK;d J dk f
d f
tay: yk*K~ va&; cifrifav;pm;ol jzpfa=umif;ukawmh em; d f f
u|eawmf r}uKdub;l ”æwJ? aemuf æ “ cifAsm;u &efuef h k
vnfo&&onf? d dS bufuom ajymaewm pum;ajymwJh avoHuvnf; rk&m H G
w&ufEp&uftwGi;f bmrSrxl;? a&S@w;dk &rvm;
S f u avoHewvuwmӾ wJ? hJ l dk f h
aemufqw&rvm; u|eawmf t}uHtuaeonf? &GmxJu
k f f dk f d f f
[ku- u|eawmf acgi;f eyef;}uD; wuk,v;Hk ylxl d f
vlwcsK@d OD;&ifarmifqD vmpum;ajym=uonfwif ausmuf G l
oGm;onf? igw@dk vawG +rKd@ay:rSm jy\em ay:ae+yD xif
}uD; a&$usife,fbufu wkdufyGJta=umif;awG ajymaeoH w,f? ig 'Dbufrm vGwvwuif;uif; ygwxJ a&muf S f G f D
=um;&onf? tavmif;awG useconf qkwmrsK;d pum;xJ f hJ d D
ae+yxif+y;D owif; azmufvuv@dk rsm; vkuvmavovm;? dk f d f
D S hf
yg vmI ygwEirsm; wkuyJG jzpfaervm; txifEihf u|eawmf d f S f f f S
pdwxJ rwnfr+idrEihf tqk;d qk;H ukd wGuaerdawmhonf? f
pdw0ifwpm; em;axmifaerdonf? tbk;d }uD; wa,mufu
f d k d f S
xky*K~ vEihf b,fvquf &ifqiajz&Si;f &rvJ? oluvnf; dk dk f
f hJ h
useconftavmif;u awmuvm; +rK@d uvm;qkaom tok;H d df d S
xkirvkd xrvkEihf vmvrf;buf jyef=unfvu/f tdrywf h dk f
tE_e;f awG=um;&onf? Ta'owGif vufeufuiawmfveae dk f Sf dk f S
0ef;usif tuJcwfvuEihf pl;prf;onfh t=unfrsK;d rsm;ESihf u|ef h
onfh tiftm;pkrsm;bufudk awm/ tpk;d & tm%m& ppftpk;d awmfhukd avhvmaeonfhoabmvkd@ u|efawmf,lqae
&bufudk +rK@d / tpk;d & qkonftok;H tE_e;f 'Da'o&Gmwki;f vl}u;D
d h d onf?
a&m uav;yg ok;H E_e;f ac:a0:=uonfoabm }uKH&=um;& h “xkdifygcifAsm;æ a&aomufygcifAsm;”eJ@ u|ef
onf? awmfu ol@udk azmfa&G[ef jyae&onf? aeylxu vmol J
OD;&ifarmifonf w&ufrm u|eawmfo,fvmonfh S f H
jzpfI ac|;awGoawG okwvu/f u|eawmfrsuEm =unfvuf f dk f h fS h dk
apmiftyawG ykuvsuæ kf d f f f
ESihf ol@rsuv;Hk =unfyawGu jy\emawmh &Sae+yD[k u|ef h Hk d
“cifAsm; 'DtrrmyJ at;at;aq;aq;ae/ b,frS
dfS awmf pOf;pm;aeonf? xktckuf &Gmvrf;rbufqrS u|ef d d D
f
rxGue@J / olrsm; vmar;&if apmifa&mif;vmwJ@ ukeonfjzpf f d
awmfw@dk &Saeonfh tdrbufo@dk apmiftyawGyu/f OD;&if f k f dk
a=umif; u|eawmfe@J vkuvmolygv@dk ajymjy? bmrSrpk;d &dre@J
f d f f armif jyefvmaeonf?
ӾwJ? rSmxm;+yD; tdrrm reufpmpm;+yD;uwnf;u xGuf
h f S f H hf
tdrwcg;zGi0ifvmonfEihf OD;&ifarmifu æ “ [m S
oGm;onf? q&mu t&ifa&mufaewmuk;d ӾqkvuawmhrS u|eawmf d dk f f
f S
c%t=um tdr&if &Sr;f tbk;d }uD;vnf; aq;vG,f wk@d csi;f xdawG@aeonfh jzpfpOf}uD; wrk[wcsi;f ajymif;jyef k f
f G f
tdwv,I xGuom;jyefojzifh tdrrm u|eawmfwa,muf f G fS f G
jzpfom;onf? xckecsiavmufatmif 0rf;omtm;&jzpfryg f f d
f
wnf; use&pfonf? tdy&mrSm tdyaevnf; tdyraysm/f ysi;f ae f f f f h
onf? u|eawmfbuf vufurf;vmaom xky*K~ v}f uD;rSm d k d
S
onfEihf tv,fwef;ausmif;ok;H pmtkyawG pm;yGay:rSmawG@I f J q&matmifa0 ac: &Jabmf&atmif jzpfaeayawmhonf? J
wtkypD vSeavSm zwf=unfaeonf? ae@vnfcif;tcserm
f f h d f S f J G
ESpaygi;f rsm;pGm uGumaeaom aqGrsK;d &if;csmawG tckrS jyefqHk
vl}uD;wa,muf ykq;dk ykwxnf acgi;f ukp;D vsuf aemufu d d h
=uonftvm; wOD;ukwOD; vufcsi;f quf w0g;0g; w[m; d
yvki;f wvk;H vG,I u|eawmf&aeonfh tdr.0if;wHcg;ukd
d f f dS f Hk JG
[m;ESihf awG@qyav; jzpfom;&onf? &Jabmf&atmifu ol@ G J
wGe;f zGihf 0ifvmonf? b,fuvlygvrhf u|eawmf tHtm;oifh d f f J
tdwxrS ypPwdk aoewfxwui/f cg;xk;d vku+f yD; &,fvuf k f dk d dk
d fS
pum;ajymvkuEihf olvnf; 0rf;omv_uvJS jzpfaeykH odom d f
onf?
55
Hk
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
OD;&ifarmifu æ “ vrf;rSm vufeufuif tzG@J awG dk vnf; wa,mufusefaeatmifayg?h 'grS usefaewJhvlu
h f
apmifaewm awG@w,f? ar;aevk@d u|eawmf jyefajzae& S f
awmfvea&; qufvyv@dk &EkirmӾ wJh ? k f df S
h k f
w,f? =unfvyygO;D ” æwJ? h toJ,m;p&myif? &ifwi;f v_y&m;r_Eitwl u|ef G f S S hf
“ [m- tJ'g aumfol@avwyfu? u|efawmfeJ@ f d G f
awmhajcvSr;f awG ykouvmaeonf? wu,fudk oufpe@f G
P d h
odw,fom ajymjy/ udpr&Sygb;l ”wJ? &Jabmf&atmifu J f S
qHzsm; v_y&m;ae=u&wmygvm; qkaomtodu awmfvef d S
f f
u|eawmhbufvnI æ S hf f
a&;pdw"mwfudk prf;oyfaeovkd cHpm;rdonf? u|eawmfw@dk f
f D f
“ 'g u|eawmfw@dk ygwe,f r[kwb;l ? vly*K~ vcsi;f k d f h h
a&S@wnfwnfavmufrS pum;ajymoH =um;ae&onf? rvSr;f
_ f
em;vnfre@J u|eawmfw@dk c%0ifaewm u|eawmfw@dk ygwD f rurf;rSae &Jabmf&atmifuæ “ b,foawGv” ævSr;fJ l J
{&d,mrSm &efol t}uD;tus,f xk;d ppfqifaew,f”æwJ? h ar;pOfæ
f G
“u|eawmfw@dk tckom;&atmif? jyifawmh? pcef;a&mufryJ S f G
“u|eawmfw@dk a&S@&muyg? aps;jyefaemufusv@dk rD;
h dk
ajym=uwmayg”æ [kqum OD;&ifarmifbufvnIæ “ ol@ S hf f G
tkye@J om;zk@d rD;xGe;f &atmif jyifaewmyg q&mwk@d ӾwJ? h
ac:oGm;r,f aemf”æ ajymI OD;&ifarmiftm; cGiawmif;+yD; hf vrf;ab;rSm aps;jcif;awGcs rD;tdrr;D !‡ae=uonf? f d
J S f f fG
&Jabmf&atmifEihf u|eawmfw@dk tdrrS xGucm&ef jyif=uyg vifr,m;vm;rod/ trsK;d orD;wOD;ESihf trsK;d om;wOD; awG@
awmhonf? &onf?
“ t&yfom;awG ntcserawmf vrf;oGm;vrf; d f
vm rD;tdrfxGef;oGm;&w,f? tjyifrSm vufESdyf"mwfrD;
d
tyki;f ( 2 ) l
rok;H &bl; vk@d &efou trde@f xwxm;wm? nrSm rD;tdrrygyJ k f f
f
&GmwGi;f rS xGuI rke;f acsmif;em;a&mufcsef rk;d csKyf d d
'Dtwki;f oGm;&ifvnf; olyev@dk owfrw+f yD; ypfowfEif k f S dk
oGm;+yD? acsmif;a&ukd a&v$JESifh azmufoG,fwmvm;rod? w,fӾwJh? u|efawmf ausmcsrf;oGm;onf? (rD;tdrf/
H
a&pD;a&usoawG wa0ga0g =um;ae&onf? &Jabmf&atmif J rD;yk;H rsm;ukd tJ'D a'ou rD;tky[k ac:=uonf?) f
u c%&yf+yD; æ f G
nu odyarSmifve;f I &Jabmf&atmifuawmh J
“ tJ'g uGrf;oD;yif +cHawGxJ a&oGif;ay;wJh a& f dS f
wcsuwcsuf vufEy"mwfr;D av;xk;d a&S@uoGm;onf? u|ef
D
ajrmif;awGqu a&pD;usaewJtoHawGӾwJ? acsmif;ab; h h awmfu aemufu vkuonf? Ek0ifbmvm;/ 'DZifbmvm; d f d
em;jzwfI oGm;=uonf? &Gmw&Gm ausm+f yD; aemufwp&Gm twdtus rrSwfrd? aqmif;nwnqkdwmawmh aocsm
ra&mufcif ,mwJwck æ f
onf? ywf0ef;usiwckv;Hk rnf;arSmifae.? tumv ntcsef d
“ vlrsm;w,f? cifAsm;rsuEm rjrifatmif aemuf f S vufESdyfrD;av;jzifhom wcsufwcsuf tvif;a&mifay;
f
u &yfae u|eawmf olw@dk e@J pum;ajymOD;r,f Ӿ ? wJa&S@ ac:,l&mok@d tm;}uKd;rmefwuf tqufrjywfvuygcaom dk f hJ
dk f
rSm pkxiaeolrsm;ok@d æ“bmowif;xl;vJ? 'Dae@reuf &Gmuef@ f h
u|eawmftwGuf tawG@t}uKHopfjzpfI xdawG@&or# pdwf
vef@txd &efola&mufvm+yD; jyefqkwfoGm;w,f =um; f S
v_y&m;p&m jzpfae.? n 10 em&Davmufrm vrf;rab; S
w,fӾ h G f f
zJxuI awmtkywck[k xif&aom ae&mbufo@dk OD;wnf
f f
“[kww,f? u|eawmfw@dk vnf; tJ'owif;&w,f/ D av#muf&onf? xif&m;onfvrf;a=um r[kway? jznf; S h f
39 vm; 59 vm; rodb;l ? 39 eJ@ww,fӾwJ@ ( &efol cv& l jznf;csi;f awmwk;d oGm;&onf? em&D0ufavmuf av#muf+y;D
f d
eHygwrsm; ukd qkvjdk cif;jzpfonf )æ &Jabmf&Jatmif yg;pyfrS toHwckjyK+yD; 0ifoGm;=uonf?
f G
“ u|eawmfw@dk om;awmhr,f”æ &Jabmf&atmif J Sf
&JabmfEpa,muf awG@&onf? tdy&mxJ rSm apmifawGjcKHv@dk ? f
f f
u E_wqufI xGuc=hJ uonf? “tJ'g u&ifvrsK;d awG” (ol@ l d S hf d f
ab;em; u rD;zkEity,mab; G – 3 / G – 4 aoewfrsm;?
tac:) aumfo@l avwyfu/ wcsK@d wyfxuawG &Gmom;awG G f G- 4 u a'gufESifh axmufxm;onfukd txif;om;
vnf; ygw,f? cifAsm; oGm;&vm&OD;r,fh udpawG &Saeawmh P d jrifae&onf? &Jabmf&Jatmifu ol@ae&mav;ab; xkdif
S
'DteD;tem;+rK@d awGrm jyefawG@ae&if olw@dk twGua&m cifAsm; f df
onf? um bkiaoewfav; wvuf ab;u opfyifrm S
f
twGuyg raumif;bl;? rsuEm rrSwrwmaumif;w,f? 'g f S f d csdwfqGJxm;onf? vufeufawG tm;vkH;u &efol@qDu
fS
a=umifh rsuEm tuG,ci;f wmygӾ wJ? f dk h vufeufawG csn;f yJ jzpfonf? yxr &Jabmf ESpa,mufEihf f S
&Gmw&GmtvGef vrf;ray:a&mufawmh tawmf rdwfqufay;onf? wa,mufu anmifyifom&Gm jynf
D J
ukd arSmifae+y? &Jabmf&atmifu “ 'Drm owdxm;oGm;&r,f/ S ol@ppf acgi;f aqmifw? aemufwa,mufuvnf; aus;&Gm hJ
l
&efouif;yke;f 0yfwwfw,f? cyfcmcGm u|eawmfh aemuf wnfh G f acgi;f aqmif? “tckawmh olw@dk wawGu &efoudk a&S@wef;u l
h d f l
wnfuae vku? &efoe@J w;dk vk@d ypfc&if wa,muf xdom; hJ G dk f
cHwuaewJh trmcHawG As”wJ? ESpa,mufpvk;H u &Jabmf h f
56
Hk
ta&;awmfy*sme,f
D
&JbufyyD aEG;axG;pGm E_wquf}uKqr_ cHpm;&onf? xrif;pm;&ef f d dk f f G d f
tdyaysmom;vkuwm reufr;dk vif;rS Ek;d awmhonf? u|eawmf f
dk
rDzab;&Sd ig;uif}u;D waumifjzKwf pm;zk@d jyif=uonf? xrif;u f
tdy&mu xonfEihf &Jabmf&atmifuæ S J
d hf S
[ef;aumcsKiEihf tjynf? u|eawmfEihf &Jabmf&atmif npm h f S J “ cifAsm; at;at;aq;aq; em;+y;D cifAsm;wk@d buf
pm;=uonf? [ef;aumwvk;H ESihf a&aEG; usKxm;onf? a&aEG; d tajctaeukd pmeJ@ twkcsKyfa&;wifAsm” wJh ? d
aomufpOf i±kwfoD;pyfonf? [if;csufonfh [ef;aumESifh G f d f J
ol@v,twxrS pm&GuawG xkway;xm;onf? f f
a&aEG;usKxm;yk&onf? d H d
pcef;w0kuf &Jabmf&atmif rawG@I ar;=unfawmh tjyif J h
“ cifAsm;wkd@buf awmfawmfeJ@ tquftoG,f f G
xGuom;onfw? ol@rmvnf; tvkyutrsm;om;? at; hJ S f
f dk f f
rvkyEiwm u|eawmf A[kudk oGm;aevk@d As/ aemuf &efol d at;aq;aq; em;aeonfukd rawG@&? c%t=um vlw
uvnf; 'Dbufukd t+iKd;xm; xkd;ppfqifwm tawmfukd f
a,muf [if; cGuwcGuudk uki+f y;D pcef;xJa&muf vmonf? f d
S f
jyif;w,f? 48 ckEpu pvk@d 'Davmufjyif;xefwhJ xk;d ppfawG h
awm0ufom;wJ? olw@dk tac: aumfo@l avwyfu vmay;
r}uKHz;l avmufatmifv@dk yJ ajym&rvm;awmif rodb;l ? A[kd hJ
jcif;jzpfonfw? aumfo@l avwyfrm ( KNU ) ukd ac:jcif;jzpf S
h d d
buf xk;d wJtcsef A[kuif;wyfu zdcsjyefwue@J / tck tJ'D buf dk f onf? watmifhavmufaeawmh &Jabmf&Jatmif ypPwkd
f
+idraejyefw,f? &JabmfawG usq;Hk wmvnf; renf; awmhb;l / cg;xk;d +y;D pcef;jyefa&muf vmonf?
cifAsm;wkd@tzGJ@ukd pdwf0ifpm;aewJh &Jabmfwifjr}uD;vnf; d S d
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75
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