Test 4
d Name
Art # an Producing Cult.Time Artist/Country Notes
s
the rule
ction of
is a reje
ism
Modern WV We don't need the rules. This is what art should be about.
19-48
Nocturne in Black and Gold, Modernism 1875 James Abbott Oil on oak. 2x1.5' Ruskin, an art critic wrote about Whistlers
The Falling Rocket Impressionist McNeill Whistler work critically. Whistler sued and won, but, just a pitance. He
US lost his home and art collection due to this suit. Born in Mass.
Moved to Russia. Settles in England. He was looking at Turner &
the Burning of the House of Lords & Commons. Starting to go
more abstract and simplified. Ruskin was an 'art theorist' He said
that "Whistler was flinging a pot of paint at the public. Said he
was a fraud and over priced." This was art for arts sake. It's art
because art has value. A Noctrne is a form of music.
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19-49
Le Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe Modernism 1863 Edouard Manet Oil on canvas. 7x9' Originally titled The Bath. Sparked
(The Luncheon on the Grass)Impressionism French controversy when first painted due to the nude woman with 2
fully clothed men. It was shown at the Salon. Very sloppy.
Perspective off. Space not rational = choice. She's totally flat.
The still life is as important as the people here. Napolean III
Salon de Refuses. All work not chosen. All new stuff. Battle
ground of old & new. The Salon de Refuses was an exhibition
ordered by Napolean III in response to a mediation with artists &
the Salon. This piece was displayed at Refuses. He was friends
with the poet, Baudelaire. It was assumed these were prostitues
with their clients. Manet attributed this piece to Renaissance
painting called Pastoral Concert by Titian & Giorgione. It's been
said it's meaning is a symbol of modern alienation because of the
way the figures aren't truly interacting. Her gaze off in the
distances leaves us as observers versus a part of the painting.
19-50
Olympia Impressionism 1863 Edouard Manet Oil on canvas. 4x6' Originally condemed as vulgar, Zola did call it
Modernism French his 'masterpiece'. General idea of Venus of Urbino. It was called
his most notorious art. Cat = cat house. Important that her
shoes on. Urbino has her shoes off. She's in a prostitute pose
with her shoes on. Looks unfinished but it is. Described by
critics as a monkey or corps from village. Olympia was a novel
about a prostitue by Alexandre Dumas fils (the younger). Based
on Venetian Renaissance source, Titian's Venus of Urbino.
Instead of looking up at us in Urbino, she's staring out at us.
Almost a cold stare. It was displayed at the Salon in 1865.
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19-52
Gare St-Lazare Impressionism 1877 Claude Monet Oil on canvas. 3x4' Monet lived near here for about a year. He
Modernism French actually displayed 7 of the 11 paintings he did of this scene.
He paint's at the scene. He paints quickly. Bigger, looser brush
strokes. Smaller canvases. They're called easel paintings. You'll
do more blending on the canvas. More bumpier texture of the
paint. You lose focus when come in close like Valesquez. Realists
are about what you see. Impressionists about how you see. Less
consistancy of color on the canvas. They realized that local color
was modified by light. The Salon hated them. The Salon would
not show them. Monet's father was a grocer. They thought his
edges weren't clear and his subject wasn't important. They
thought he was 'sloppy' versus controlled. Thought they weren't
finished. Gare means train station in French.
19-55
Moulin De La Galette Impressionism 1876 Pierre-Augustee Oil on canvas. 4x6' There actually is a windmill by this name in
Renoir Paris that this depicts. It's called the 'Pancake Mill'. He chooses
French to paint pretty. Pink cheeked people. It's a dance hall. It's a bit
seedy and was then. Middle class entertinment. It's like a night
club. The rise of the middle class here. His paint isn't as thick.
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19-56
The Rehearsal on Stage Impressionism 1874 Edgar Degas Pastel over brush & ink drawing on thin cream colored woven
French paper which is laid on bristol board and mounted on canvas.
2x2 1/2' The two gentlemen in the picture were 'protectors' or
lovers of the dancers. Often Degas' dancer paintings had the
dancers mothers in them too. The profession was less than
respectable because of the scanty clothing. Also, Degas had
done images of each dancer/person in the painting seperately.
Degas was quite well trained professionally. He was well to do.
Came from a banking family. He also did ballet and horse racing
scenes. Ballet & opera were for the common people. It was
considered an 'iffy' world. He was interested in artifical light. He
really shows how hard ballet is. He appears to be up above them
Odd angle. This is coming out of Japanese prints. In 1868 Japan
opens up in the world. That's where his angles come from. A
study of movement here. He hated women. He went blind. He
admired Mary Cassatt.
19-58
Woman in a Loge Impressionism 1879 Mary Cassatt Oil on canvas. 2.5x2' The woman is well to do and enjoying it!
American This painting was known as Lydia in a Loge, Wearing a Pearl
Necklace until 1879 at the fourth Impressionist exhibition. Lydia
was Cassatt's sister. Later it came to be believed that it was a
model as Lydia had dark hair. Note the opera goers scanning the
crowd and not the stage. Her father was a banker in Philadelphia
Her subjects are well to do women and mothers and children.
A loge is a private mezzanine type seating.
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19-59
Maternal Caress Impressionism 1891 Mary Cassatt Drypoint, soft-ground etching and aquatint on paper. 14x10"
American These were probably people she knew as she often included
friends and relatives as her subjects. She didn't idealize people
as noted from the awkward position of the infant. You scratch
and add crystals. It's flat. Very Japanese style. Not a real fixation
on shape. It's not sentimentalized.
19-62
Mont Sainte-Victoire Post Impressionism 1885 Paul Cezanne Oil on canvas 2x2.5' This was a mountain near Cezanne's home
France in the south of France. Cezzanne is constructing. He doesn't
Structure duplicate nature, but, he's recreating a pictorial of it. He uses
shapes a lot. Look at the squares in the cloth. Rectangles in the
bread on the Still Life. He's using warm colors to jump out at you
His mountains are blues and cool colors to recede. He could see
this outside his window. He didn't like a changing form. He loves
a still life.
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19-63
Post
Still Life w/a Basket of Apples Impressionism 1892 Paul Cezanne Oil on canvas. 2x2.5' His works are compiled compositions. And
France he tends to paint things just slightly askew from each other.
Structure Very violent. Will throw rocks at people he doesn't want to see.
He's trying to express what art is about. His family disapproved.
No financial support until Monet helped him He thought form
was important. He creates a world inside the painting. How are
things structured. Showed with Impressionists but his work is
ripped apart. He needed to work by himself. He looked for the
logic of nature. Impressionist interested in the world in flux. He
looked for the structural reality. Things that don't change. The
cone, the box, the parellel. Cezzanne signs his work. No
continuity on the table. His perspective is 'off' on the table. It's
his 'picture world'. He layers his colors. This is the rise of the
philosophy that the painting has a world unto itself.
19-65
P
A Sunday Afternoon on theost Impressionism 1884 Georges Seurat Oil on canvas. 7x10' Seurat spent months visiting the island to
Island of La Grande Jatte French create this stylized piece. He created small studies, drawings &
Structure oil paintings & each person or character was actually observed
there. He was 25 when he painted this and lived to 32 yo. He
spent 2 years painting this. Saw himself as an artist / scientist.
A Jatte is a manmade penninsula. This is a park, but, that's NOT
the title. He exhibited with the impressionists. This is a working
class painting. Rive Gauche = The Left Bank Think of Gauche.
Tacky people in their nicest clothes. Pictorial manifesto = crede =
statement of your beliefs. This is how he thinks painting works.
He was 25 when he painted this. 20 oils and over 200 drawings
of this. Either neurotic or patient person. :) His people are all
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just 'there' and stiff. Frontal/profile or 3/4 views of people. Grid
like & frozen, no sense of life. His idea was that the eye will mix
WV the colors. Structure is important. So does Cezzanne.
19-66
The Starry Night Post Impressionism 1889 Vincent van Gogh Oil on canvas. 2x3' van Gogh sold one painting in his life time.
Dutch This is his most famous piece. Son of a pastor. Did Missionary
Symbolist work in Belgium and England. Calvinsit. Protestant Catholic
Content here issues. Lived with Gaugauin for a year. Van Gogh might have
been similar to autisics in that he shut the world out. They can't
filter so they shut things out due to overload. He was that
sensitive. His first paintings were dark. When he was ill he
WV couldn't work. He wrote a lot of letters to his brother. This is his
sense of the universe. Church in the center. The color & the
paint dabs were similar to Impressionist. The church is a focus.
There is motion in the sky. Possibly evolution. Paco sees the
multicolored cypress tree. He's disturbed. Very thick paint.
Makes you want to touch it. He uses the extrodinary to get at
your soul. The cypress is in several of his paintings, but, is only
one of these. This was painted from his window at the asylum.
19-67
Mahana No Atua Post Impressionism 1894 Paul Gauguin Oil on canvas. 2x3' He began painting in his 20's. He moved to
Day of the God France Tahiti. He wrote and illustrated a book called Noa Noa on which
Symbolist this piece is based. Rejected optical naturalism. He was a
Content here schmuck. He thought the Impressionists were to middle class.
His theory is Synthetism. The subject and the idea need to be
Center figure is a God merged with color. He begins painting as a ameteur. Taught by
Middle three were life Neil Pezzarro as was Cezzanne. Has a wife and several children.
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& death. The water His work is shown in the Salon. He was a stockbroker. Resigns
should reflect, but his job and leaves his family. Basically, a deadbeat Dad. He takes
feelings, but not natural forms and recreates something invisible and objective.
nature. Felt the 'modern world' was corrupt and felt he needed to renew
his spirit & connect with children/peasants/primitive societies.
Possiblity of 'Eden' (No such thing as 'primitive' = simple societies). Looks for the
Title on painting. primitive & doomed to failure. He goes to Britany. Then to
19-68 Martinique. Settles in the Marquesas. Never finds Eden.
The Apparition Post Impressionism 1875 Gustave Moreau Watercolor on paper. 3.5x2.5' This is a vision of Salome, a young
France Judaean princess who preforms and erotic dance for Herod in
Symbolist exchange for the head of John the Baptist. This was exhibited at
Content here the Salon. Makes you feel repelled, yet facinated. Salome is the
step daughter of Herod. John the Baptist called her a whore.
She does the Dance of Seven Veils. Basically a striptease. Dream
like and fuzzy but still has a lot of detail. Weird & disturbing.
19-71
The Scream Post Impressionism 1893 Edvard Munch Tempera and casein on cardboard. 3x2.5' This is part of a series
Norwegian of paintings. He even did one in pastels. It's been the target of
several high profile thefts. He was obsessed with sex & death.
Themes are pain, death etc. He had depression & had shock
treatment. Oil, pastel, casein on cardboard. Quote: Anxiety:
I saw all the people behind their masks. - look up quote. Ends
with the grave. Looks like a bridge or a pier. Possibly the ocean
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with the red sky. Horror on his face. He's like a skull vs a face.
Scared to death. Is this what's in the screamers head, aritsts or
my own. Munch saw humanity as corrupt and decade. A state
of mind vs reality.
19-74
Burgheis of Calais Impressionist 1886 Auguste Rodin Bronze. A touch or Romanicism and Realism. The town was
Sculpture French under seige by the British. The Burgheis are the people that
sacrificed themselves for the people. The sculpture is 6'10". The
people are life size. It's not meant to be on a base. A new
technology. You can do multiple sculptings with this. One is in
Washington. Meant to be on the ground so we experience the
Burgheis' as real people like us. A study of phsycology. Some are
weepy, some afraid, regular people that are heros. The Burgheis
were the town council. Calais commissioned this from Rodin, but
they hated this piece because it was to real. They wanted the
hero up on the horse and commissioned a new piece. Rodin did
The Thinker as well and there are multiples of this as well.
Burgheis is also spelled Burghers.
19-81
Jane Avril Post Impressionist 1893 Henri de Lithograph. 4x3' This was done in 5 colors and is an ad for Jane
Toulouse-Lautrec Avril when she starred in Jardin de Paris. It's believed Lautrec
French modeled this after Avril doing a high kick. Avril grew up poor,
beaten and reserved. She was known to have a very refined style
He came from aristrocratic family. Broke both legs & they didn't
grow. He couldn't function in his families society & was cut off.
Hung out with the people that didn't care. Prostitutes, etc. He
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concentrates on line. He's disingaged from his subjects. Multiple
originals. The start of graphic design. Can can was illegal. Clubs
would get raided & originally done with no panties. It was a
nightclub environment. Music, motion, sound. Linear drawing.
Distorted perspective. Master at communicating with the
minimal.
19-31
Crystal Palace Late 19th cent 1850 Joseph Paxton Iron, glass & wood. Modular construction system. Floor space is
Architecture London, England 770,000 sq ft.,1851 ft long, 450 ft wide. It burned once already.
19-84
Court of Honor Late 19th Cent 1893 Daniel Burnham View from the East. This collection of buildings is collectively
World's Columbian ExpositionArchitecture Fredrick Law Olmsted referred to as The White City. It was also called Chicago's World
Chicago, IL Fair and was held in 1893 to celebrate 400 years of Columbus
discovering the New World. The Fair also served to show that
Chicago suvived the Fire of 1871.
Test 4
19-86
Wainwright Building Late 19th Cent 1890 Louis Sullivan It's at 709 Chestnut St. It was among the 1st skyscrapers in the
Architecture Dankmar Alder It was named for local financier Ellis Wainwright. Frank Lloyd
St Louis, MO Wright called "the very first human expression of a tall steel
office-building as Architecture." Sullivan wrote, " The skyscraper
must be tall. Every inch of it tall."
20-1 Controled projection of mass insanity.=Guernica
Guernica Picasso & Cubism 1937 Pablo Picasso Oil on canvas. 11.5x25.5' It depicts the bombing of Guernica,
Spain Spain by 28 German bombers during the Spanish Civil War. It's
on display here at the Spanish Pavilion at the Paris Exposition
They look miserable. with the Fontaine de Mercure by Alexander Calder (1937). That
The man on the right was made from Mercury, sheet metal, wire rod, pitch & paint.
has a twisted knee. And it's 4x8x6'. This is anti facist. It's important to glorify the
Also see the twisted state. Very propolitical but it's extreme love of country. Gives
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hands. Woman wailinggovt control over every aspect of life. Germany/Italy were facists
over a dead child. Spanish civil war was here. Basque is a national group. Many
B/W to bring it right nationalities in Spain. The Basques sided with the Royalists.
there in your face. ButFranco was friends with Hitler. They bombed Guernica with fire
you can't be distractedbombs. Originally commissoned to make a painting for the
by the colors. World Fair. He changes what he's doing. Makes this in 3 to 4 wks
The horse is as a gift to the Spanish people. He loans this to the Museum of
screaming. Bull is evil Modern art till democracy is restored in Spain. In 1981 it went
Spain. Horse is people.home. It is a black & white painting. It's all painted. It's not
Lamp conciousness of Synthetic, but it's not collage. The way the horse is broken up
humanity. is almost Analytic. Symbolism: Bull=Spain. People are dying.
20-3
The Woman with the Hat Expressionism 1905 Henri Matisse Oil on canvas. 2.5x2' Both this & The Joy of Life were owned by
France brother & sister, Leo & Gergrude Stein, important patrons of
European avant-garde art in the 20th century. They had an
baggage. They felt informal salon in their Paris apt. Matisse's parents owned a
freed with African art. general store. Originally, he was a lawyer until he had an
There were no 'stories'.intestinal operation and took up drawing as a past time.
He could disengage it. Freud was here. Translate the new technology today. The world
Art for the artists sake.is still shrinking. Social, economic mobility. Rail way system in
Europe developed. Carl Marx ideas are in fruitiion. Modern art
comes into it's own. Paint is important. Art as illusion. New
materials. Expressionists are French or German as a rule.
Matise thought the French were artistic & the German's crude.
Starts out as a group & then becomes a stlye in himself. Faubes
means wild beasts. They were wild beasts attacking the canvas.
Linear pattern. Surface texture. Thick application of paint. It
was said they distorted things and smeared paint. (The Green
Stripe was his wife).It's not Madame Matissse….It's a painting!
20-4 Artificial structure. Flat…see African art. They thought hist was
Le Bonheur de Vivre Expressionism 1905 Henri Matisse Oil on canvas. 5.5x7.5' He was after expression. The arrange-
(The Joy of Life) Post Modernism France ment of pictures is expression. Art should have purity & serenity.
Traditional reclining nude like the Venus of Urbino. Artifical color
Focus on the forms instead of the details. All that is not useful in
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Look up >>>>>> a picture is detrimental. Compare to "The Dance" by Matisse.
He gives us perspective & space with light. Left down light.
Things are in front of each other. He also gives the ground with
the application of color. Outline creates flat images. Almost like
Toulouse-Letrec in that he can do something with virtually
nothing.
Look up>>>>>>> "The Red Room" by Matisse.
20-6
Masks Expressionism 1911 Emil Nolde Oil on canvas. 2x3' His real name was Hansen & not Nolde. His
Post Modernism German parents were Frisian peasants. Unsuited to farm work he was a
furniture builder. He explored Ancient Egyptian & Assyrian art.
F
Comentary on decadent ollowing an illness he changed direction & became a teacher in
prewar society. Switzerland where he taught drawing. This was what Matisse
was referring to when he said the German's were crude. Die
Brucka means The Bridge. They were revolutionaries between
the present & what's coming. They were architecture students
that wanted to paint. They were united in what they were
against not what they were for. Their shop was in Dresden, Ger.
Loved VanGogh. Liked African. This was just before WWI.
Rejecting the academy. They didn't like Impressionism. Typical
of them. Jarring lines. Primitive technique, They slopped on
paint. Intent was to avoid refinement. Low life subjects.
He was studying the Solomon Islands/Pacific Islands. It was on a
canoe. Kind of creepy because it's masks & not faces. Lower
right is almost skull like. Sharp, acidic colors. Attacks the canvas.
20-8 He wants you to feel uncomfortable. Muddy colors.
Street, Berlin Expressionism 1913 Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Oil on canvas. 4x3' He was a painter & printmaker. He founded
Modernism German the group Die Brucke or "The Bridge" who shared the goal of
finding a new mode to form a bridge between the past & the
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present in art. He originally studied architecture. He became
friends with Fritz Bleyl. His studio was filled with casual love
making & nudity. His group composed a manifesto on wood that
asserted, a new generation, "who want freedom in our lives,
independence from older, established forces". He also founded
his own art school in 1911 in Berlin. Aloof. Big city. They don't
look at each other. They isolate themselves. Red carpet event?
People are crammed together. Defines the decadent society that
doesn't pay attention to others. Kirchner was a founder of the
Bridge. He studied Durer's woodcuts. Loved Rembrandt.
20-12
The Large Blue Horses Expressionism 1911 Franz Marc Oil on canvas. 3.5x6' He was part of the German/Russian group
Modernism German known as Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). He explored the
psychological effects of line & color. He followed the doctrine of
inner necessity. The Blue Rider ceased painting the real world &
painted the inner mind. Marc chose to paint animals because he
believed, "purer, more sublime relationship with the world,".
He's attached to German Romanticism. He reconciles inner
harmony with the world. He loved animals. He believed animals
were pure. Organic, yet simplified like a flower, per Beth. Wild &
nurturing. He moves toward abstraction but not as there as
Kadinsky. The environment is the same types of curves. He
centers the cool colors in the middle & the warm colors in the
rear. The opposite of the normal effect. He's rejecting the rules.
He argues blue is a masculine color. Yellow a feminine color.
Red is solid matter. He had distinct views on color. He tries to
help us find the feelings. Eases us like Van Gogh.
20-14
Improvisation 28 Expressionism 1912 Vasily Kandinsky Oil on canvas. 4x5' His training was in law & political economy.
(Second Version) Modernism Russian He left law to pursue art at the age of 30. He founded The Blue
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Rider's with Marc and the name came from his love of Blue &
Marc's love of Horses. He painted Compositions & Improvization
W/Improve he allowed color as his subconcious promt him. He
published Concerning the Spiritual in Art in 1912 on those beliefs
He was concerned with the symbolic. Concerning the Spiritual
in Art is what he published. Ties in music to art here. We make
associations with art and color and music. Subject should be
dematerialized. He makes a lot of analogies to music in relation
to visual art. Mystical spiritualism is key for him. He eventually
gets to abstraction. Abstractions is no objects. Look up Blue
Mountain. His goal is to resolve spiritual conflict with paint. He's
one of the first to go into total abstraction. Monet almost goes
to abstraction but stops short. Anti materialistic. The concept is
close to Van Gogh in Starry Night, but, it doesn't make it easy for us
20-16 Modernism
Self-Portrait (Picasso) Expressionism 1901 Pablo Picasso Oil on canvas. 2.5x2' His father was a painter and instructor. He
(Picasso & Cubism?) to Spain didn't believe there could be child prodigy's in painting. He felt
1904 children lost this skill over time. He trained in Barcelona. It was
Blue Period an international type of city. He had a complete command of
drawing. See Herracles (Hercules) & First Communion. Poster
child of Modernism. It was more somber. He focused on outcast
He sees himself as an outcast. Blue represents somber & down.
Shallow space and gaunt features.
20-17 Moderism
Family of Saltimbanques Picasso & Cubism 1905 Pablo Picasso Oil on canvas. 7x8.5' A lot of his work was based on the
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to Spain Cirque Médrano circus near his home. It's said this piece was
1906 a portrait of his family. He reflects his life in his art. He's in Paris
The & excited. Uses lots of rose colors. Look at the childs dress.
Rose Period He could afford more, thus, bigger canvas. The people are circus
or gypsies. People believe that gypsies steal. They don't stay still
They're vagabonds. They were outcasts. They weren't members
of the community. Isolated figures even though in a group. They
are circus people.
20-18
Les Demoiselles D'AvingnonPicasso & Cubism 1907 Pablo Picasso Oil on canvas. 8x7.5' This has been defined as his 'negro' period.
(The Young Ladies of Avignon)Modernism Spain This began as a narrative of a brothel scene. He painted over the
He distorts the body. clients leaving the women staring out at us. The 3 women on the
He's leading us to left were based on wood carvings and the 2 on the right on
masks
Cubism. He's experimenting. he saw. Based on African savagery. He called it his "1st
No real light source. exorcism picture". He's headed towards Cubism, but, not there
No Chiroscuro here. yet. It was a moral statement. D'Avingnon was a Red Light
Cessane doesn't give District in Barcelona. One was a sailor….self portrait. Lower
up the link to the real right was a student. He gets rid of the need to say something
world like Picasso. moral & becomes a study of form. He isn't speaking about life,
but, about art. It stands alone. It's not a 'period' piece. Picasso
influences himself. The final product borrows from many sources
Cessane's structural geometric components here. References to
Africian masks. The woman on the left is Egyptian art. Look at
the feet. The 2 on the right have the 'masks'. See Matisse for
inspiration. He rejects realism here. Manet does the mixed bag
20-19 of items. He rejects unified space. Blown linear perspective.
Houses at L'Estaque Picasso & Cubism 1908 Georges Braque Oil on canvas. 3x2' He was a painter, collagist, draughtsman,
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French printmaker and sculptor. He collaborated w/Picasso. 1909 -
Analytic Cubism 1914 they worked together. With Analytic you break it apart
to it's original components. He starts with the 3D and breaks it
apart. It's an experiment in form. It's an attempt to show the
total figure in 2D. Reality has nothing to do with appearances.
It's mostly still lives, but it's a pure study of form. No emotion.
Corresponds with Einstein and the theory of relativity. Time &
space are functions of each other. Analysis of existing forms.
This is a landscape piece. It's a form of abstract. It's a village.
Not non objective like Kadinsky. It's one of his early pieces.
Basic shapes here.
20-20
Violin and Palette Picasso & Cubism 1910 Georges Braque Oil on canvas. 3x1.5' This was inspired by Paul Cezzane's work.
French He & Picasso were “breaking down” or “analysis” of form &
Analytic Cubism space. Basically, they were making recognizable things but
breaking them apart. These are not a window into the world.
It's a 2D surface. It's analytical cubism analyzes the picture &
puts it back together. Even space is fractured in this painting.
They all are similar.
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20-21
Ma Jolie Picasso & Cubism 1911 Pablo Picasso Oil on canvas. 3x2' In 1923 Picasso said, "Cubism is no different
Spain from any other school of painting. The same principles & the
Analytic Cubism same elements are common to all. The fact that Cubism has not
been understood…means nothing. I do not read English…but
this does not mean the English language does not exist & why
should I blame anybody but myself if I cannot understand it?"
Ma Jolie means my pretty or my beauty. The name is on the
bottom of the piece. This is a painting of a woman. Look to the
lower right and you can see the hand. He's on the verge of
abstract but doesn't want to quite go there. Monochromatic.
Lots of earth tones. Limited on color. This was an experiment
for Picasso & Braque.
20-22
Glass & Bottle of Suze Picasso & Cubism 1912 Pablo Picasso Pasted paper, gouache & charcoal. 2x1.5' Gouache is a type of
Spain paint with pure colors but it doesn't blend well. He used
Synthetic geometric shapes in the bottle here. He used paper and glue to
assemble. The word collage was invented in France just for this
type of art.
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20-23
Mandolin & Clarinet Picasso & Cubism 1913 Pablo Picasso Construction of painted wood with pencil marks. 2'x1'x9"
Spain The clarinet is at the bottom & the mandolin is running down
Synthetic the middle.
See: Three Musicians. This was oil on canvas that uses the
effect of cutting paper concepts and applies it to paint. Again
he has the geometric shapes. There's a DOG there. Picasso.
Synthetic Cubism here.
20-24
Homage to Bleriot Cubism 1914 Robert Delaunay Tempera on canvas 8x8' The view of the steam engine & modern
French equipment as the 'savior of the human race' was held by
Futurism Delaunay. La Bleriot pilot that flew the English Channel. Effiel
Tower is there. Lots of movemetn in the circles. Broken circles.
See the propeller form the plane. See Matisse for colors.
This is really an Abstract. He was part of the Blue Rider. Cubism
is the primary influence.
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20-26
Three Women Cubism 1921 Fernand Leger Oil on canvas. 6x8' The machinelike precision & solidity which
French he renders human form relates to his faith in modern industry &
Futurism to his hope that art & the machine age would together reverse
the chaos unleashed by WWI. He's interested in machines, but
he's not a Futurist. It's a machine age Odelisque. Sameness.
Geometric & colors are Synthetic Cubism. They look constructed.
Human form as plumbing. Very robotic. Not sure if this is how
he sees society or how it should be. Cezzanne distortion of
place.
20-27
Armored Train in Action Cubism 1915 Gino Severini Oil on canvas. 4x3' He tried to live WWI picutorially studying it
Italian in its mechanical form. This was a view of soldiers on a train.
Futurism WWI started here. He thought they would cleanse society. Up
the center is men with guns. Cannon at the top. Sharp angles
makes it Analytic Cubism. The lower left hand side shows
pattern which is more Synthetic. It's a machine though, which
really defines it as Futurist. The Futurists fell in line with the
Facists. They both believed in the 'machine' of that style of
politics.
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20-28
Unique Forms of Continuity Cubism 1913 Umberto Boccioni Bronze 3.5x3x1.5' This piece is depicted on a Euro coin.
in Space Italian He died in WWI when he fell off a horse. Futurists wrote a
Futurism manifesto. Everything moves, runs turns swiftly. Objects in
motion are distored. It's influenced by both styles of Cubism.
It's in motion. Leaves a trail behind like Wily Coyte. Very 2D. It's
very narrow. As a 3D project it wouldn't make the grade.
This was pre WWI
20-33
The Newborn Cubism 1915 Constantine Brancusi Marble 5x8x5" His philosphy is to simplify things to their essence
Romanian and it will effect our contemporary thoughts on things. Bald,
Futurism smooth and a newborn opens their mouth and screams. Marble
& bronze piece. Sleek and aerodynamic looking. Pointy at the
top. It's a "Bird in Space". Purchased by Edward Stichen. It was
defined as manufactured metal by Customs instead of art & he
would have had to pay $$ for duties. It's about what birds
entail.
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20-35
Fountain Dada 1917 Marcel Duchamp Porcelain plumbing fixture & enamel paint. 2' Photo is by
French Alfred Stieglitz. This is the only photo of the image of Duchamp's
original, which mysteriously disappeared after it was rejected by
the American Society of Independent Artists exhibition. He later
Post WWI starts here. produced more by buying new urinals & signing them 'R Mutt/
1917'. This type of art is called readymades or found art.
aware for Freud. It More soldiers died in WWI than WWII & Korea combined. It was
does break the mold a slaughter on the field. WWI was about social class. Officers
for art. It's ready were aristocrats and soldiers were working class. Absolute
made aided. desolation. The 'lost generation' was from these men being
killed or maimed. Those that returned were lost. Dada means
nothing & this is intentional. Almost like the Blue Rider. Europes
culture has lost meaning. This starts in Switzerland. Not a style
but an idea. Neoholism rejects generally accepted value
judgments. Dada is against everything including Dada. Import is
individualism. Duchamp said Art is a way of getting out of a state
of mind. It's in Bloomington. Art is what the artist says it is. Hes
20-36
L.H.O.O.Q. Dada 1919 Marcel Duchamp Pencil on reproduction of Leonardo's Mona Lisa. 7x4" This is
French another example of 'readymade' art. It was done on a post card
and was designed to mock the great artists. "Elle a chaud au
cul", translating colloquially in "She has a hot ass". He's saying
it's worthless. It leads us to the whore that was the war. LHOOQ
comes out almost like the word 'look'. Fine line between
creation & distruction. It's a ready made aided.
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20-46
The Two Fridas Amer Modernism 1939 Frida Kahlo Oil on canvas. 6x6' She was married to Diego & their marriage
Mexico was riddled with affairs by both. Mexican revolution. Marxist,
Married to Rivera. Her work was more personal. She was
Spanish & Mexican. Thus, the aristocrat & the peasants of Mex.
Eludes to physical and emotional pain. Post colonial mix of NA
& European.
20-52
Fredrick C. Robie House 20th Cent Modern 1909 Frank Lloyd Wright 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue in Hyde Park, IL. It's one of his Prairie
Architecture Chicago, IL Style houses.
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20-54
Edgar Kaufmann House, 20th Cent Modern 1936 Frank Lloyd Wright Wright believed that buildings shouldn't be on the landscape, but
Fallingwater Architecture Mill Run, PA IN the landscape. This was built over part of a waterfall.
20-66
A
The Dada Wall in Room 3 of mer Modernism 1937 Does anyone remember her discussing this one? I don't have any
the "Degenerate Art" Dada Germany notes on it and I couldn't find a picture of it on line. Read the
(Entartete Kunst) Exhibition book here. It IS on the list still.
The Degenerate Art exhibition was a response to the Nazi's in
their banning of avant-garde & expressionist art. The 1st 3 rooms
where themed. Room 1 = work demeaning religion. Room 2 =
work by Jews. Room 3 = work demeaning women.
Art forms that were condemned were Dada, Cubism, Fauvism,
Expressionism, Impressionism, New Objectivity and Surrealism.
Basically, this wasn't a specific style or piece of art but an art
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exhibition.
20-67
Aspects of Negro Life: FromAmer Modernism 1934 Aaron Douglas Oil on canvas. 5x11.5' It happened during the Jazz Age. That
Slavery Through Reconstruction US was the environment. Intended to reach out to black heritage.
He was born in Kansas but studied in Paris. This is one panel of
a four mural project called Aspects of Negro Life. This piece is:
From Slavery to Reconstruction. The size is based on one piece.
Right is the rejoicing of Lincoln at the Emancipation Proclaima-
tion. Rise of the Ku Klux Klan following that. Shows blacks
picking cotton. It's in the NY Public Library. It's the Ghost Busters
Library. It's in Day After Tomorrow too. People dancing… Man in
the middle is like a conductor. The circles are meant to represent
music & sound. He is looking at Mattise. Look at his work.
20-69
Amer Modernism
During the World War There 1940 Jacob Lawrence Tempera on masonite. 1x1.5' Panel 1 from The Migration of
Was a Great Migration North US Negroes. This is #1 from 60 panels. Shows the migration of
by Southern Negroes blacks north. It was featured in the Nov issue of Fortune mag in
1941. Lawrence was the 1st African American artist to gain
acclaim from whites. Due to the 'Jim Crow' laws (segregation) &
harrassment by groups like the Ku Klux Klan blacks started
migrating north due to the finanicial boom. This was the first in a
series of paintings about this. He painted them without faces &
Test 4
in similar clothing to emphasize a collective action on their part.
Each panel is 12x18". Pure color. Collage like Synthetic Cubism.
He's seeing Georgia O'Keefe influence here. Mattiese as well.
They weren't treated well in the S or the N. Work opened up for
women & blacks with WWII.
xxxv
Red Canna Americana 1924 Georgia O'Keefe It's a Canna Lily. You can see the organic here. Abstract pattern.
Abstract Very linear and precise style. Look up the MOMA show. It
Inspired Georga. She knew she wanted to be an artist at the age
of 10. She used to paint very small & at the prompting of an art
teacher, as a joke did her first LARGE painting. Thus, her style
was born. Oil on canvas mounted on Masonite. 3 x 2.5' She
sought to capture the flowers essence & not it's appearance.
Again, this is one I don't see on the list either as staying or going
but she covered it in class.
p. 832
Portrait of a German Americana 1914 Marsden Heartley Inspired by nature and personal symbolism. Influenced by
Officer Abstract Synthetic Cubism. His fallen lover died at the front & this is
dedicated to him. Influenced by MOMA. His lovers initials, age
& initials were there. And his lover was into chess. European
art in the US. Oil on canvas. 5.5 x 3.5' This demonstrates his
revulsion of the war but his facination with its pagentry.
This was discussed in class, but, it's not on the list as staying or
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being deleted. ??????
p. 854
Migrant Mother, Nipomo CA Social Realism 1936 Dorothea Lange People putting $$ into the arts to create jobs. They focuse on art
US and banks were failing during the Depression. Studied at
Columbia. She concentrated on farmers fleeing the Dust Bowl.
Documenting the Migrant workers. This is what poverty does to
people. It's someone with no hope. Quiet desperation. It's for
the people that the system does not work for. Pictured is
Florence Thompson, a 32 yo mother of 7 children. This piece was
intended to raise support for public assistance.
20-66
Man, Controller of the Social Realism 1934 Diego Rivera Studied art in Europe. He was looking at the Ren Frescos & pre
Universerse Mexico Columbian art. He's a Marxist. He's concerned with the working
class & goes back to Courbet. Socialist element. Govt taking
care of the people. He made a series of murals in Mexico & US.
He made one for Rockafeller Center. Happy Rockafeller really
liked Rivera. They were to glorify capitalism. Rockafeller
destroyed these. This was at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico.
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16x37' It's a true Fresco. Socialists to the right & Capitolists at
left. Military Industrial Complex was coined by Eisenhower.
Rockafeller & Lenin were in there. Married to Callo
20-56
Woolworth Building Gothic Revival 1912 Cass Gilbert Lots of details. It's Gothic. It was the worlds tallest building.
New York, US 792 ft tall. U shaped format with 29 story mass at the bottom &
30 story tower in the center. Cream colored terre cotta.