Health
Meri Niehaus
&
Cole Endres
Physical
◦ Fitness, nutrition, and control of substance abuse
Emotional
◦ Stress management and care for emotional crises
Spiritual
◦ Love, charity, purpose, and meditation
Intellectual
◦ Education, acheivement and career development
Social
◦ Relationships with friend, families, and communities
Optimal health
Leading Causes of Death (2007)
1. Heart disease: 616,067
2. Cancer: 562,875
3. Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases):
135,952
4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases:
127,924
5. Accidents (unintentional injuries):
123,706
6. Alzheimer's disease: 74,632
7. Diabetes: 71,382
8. Influenza and Pneumonia: 52,717
9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
nephrosis: 46,448
10. Septicemia: 34,828
Leading causes of death
Preventable Causes of Death
Increase in Health Care
expenditures is due to Elderly are covered by
Medicare regardless of their
the fact that 5 times ability to pay while other age
groups are not
as much money is In 2000, over 12% of the
spent on the population was 65 years or
older
healthcare of those 65 This is expected to double
and over as those (21%) by 2050
below 65
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNR_6UuVl4s
GDP by Nation
Increasing life expectancy
“If all forms of cancer were cured, life
expectancies would go up an average of 2
years, but if good nutrition, exercise, and
good health habits were practiced life
expectancies would increase 7 years”
◦ (Ornstein & Erlich, 1989)
Think about it…
Stress can be defined
as any type of change
that causes physical,
emotional or
psychological strain.
However, not all types
of stress are harmful or
even negative.
http://stress.about.com/od/stresshealth
/a/stresshealth.htm, October 18, 2010
Eustress-Positive Stress
Acute Stress-short
term, good and bad
Chronic Stress-Bad
stress
Stress
Chronic Stress=Overactivated Autonomic
Nervous System
First Symptoms= Increased headaches
and increased susceptability to colds
More chronic stress these other symptoms
could occur: depression
Stress
Diabetes, hair loss, heart disease,
hyperthyroidism, obesity, obsessive-
compulsive or anxiety disorder, sexual
dysfunction, tooth and gum disease,
ulcers, and cancer
Estimated that 90% of Dr.’s visits are at
least partially stress related
Stress
Suppress immune system Stress
Produces “social illness”
Antisocial behavior
According to Mediamark
Research’s Teen
Intelligence Report, teens
are stressed because of
schoolwork, lack of sleep,
and not having enough
money.
What causes stress in
your life?
Has anyone ever
become anti-social in
stressful situations?
Nearly 1/3 of
Americans are obese
Another 1/3 are
overweight
CDC reports obesity is
the fastest growing
health problem in the
United States and is
second only to smoking
Obesity
Percentage of adults 20 Non-Hispanic Black Men: 37.3
and older at a healthy percent
weight BMI 18.5-25: Hispanic Men: 34.3 percent
Non-Hispanic White Men: 31.9
All adults: 31.6 percent percent
Women: 36.5 percent Percentage of adults extremely
Men: 26.6 percent obese BMI<40:
5.7 percent
Prevelance of Obesity in Obesity is associated with over
different ethnic groups: 112,000 excess deaths due to
Non-Hispanic Black cardiovascular disease, over
15,000 excess deaths due to
Women: 49.6 percent cancer, and over 35,000
Hispanic Women: 43 excess deaths due to non-
percent cancer, non-cardiovascular
Non-Hispanic White disease causes per year in the
U.S. population, relative to
Women: 33 percent healthy-weight individuals.
Obesity (Statistics are for populations 20 and older)
http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/index.htm#other, October 18, 2010
Adult obesity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDbocZ
438f0
Do you feel that obesity is a major issue
within the United States?
Within Leisure, what do you feel we can do
to help counter this epidemic?
Obesity in America
Drug Use Among Adults and Teens
Alcohol and Drug Use
Drug Abuse Statistics
•In calendar year 2000, an estimated 14.0 million Americans were
current illicit drug users, meaning they had used an illicit drug
during the month prior to interview. This estimate represents 6.3
percent of the population 12 years old and older.
•Among youth aged 12 to 17 in 2000, 9.7 percent had used an
illicit drug within the 30 days prior to interview. This rate is
almost identical to the rate for youth in 1999 (9.8 percent).
•Among youths aged 12 and 13, the rate of past month illicit drug
use declined from 3.9 percent in 1999 to 3.0 percent in 2000. This
change was primarily the result of a significant drop in inhalant
use (from 1.3 percent to 0.7 percent).
http://www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/national-drug-statistics.html, October 19, 2010
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Alcohol Abuse Statistics
•The World Health Organization estimates that about 76 million people
throughout the world suffer from alcohol-related disorders.
•According to recent studies, it has been discovered that approximately
53% of adults in the United States have reported that one or more of their
close relatives has a drinking problem
•The overwhelming majority of youth (74% of 8-17 year-olds; 74% of 8-
12 year-olds; 74% of 13-17 year-olds) cite their parents as the primary
influence in their decisions about whether they drink alcohol or not..
•The 25.9% of underage drinkers in the United States who are alcohol
abusers and alcohol dependent drink 47.3% of the alcohol that is
consumed by all underage drinkers.
•Problem drinkers are mostly found in young adults between the ages of
18 and 29. Conversely, the age group with the fewest alcohol problems is
adults who are 65 years old or older.
http://www.about-alcohol-abuse.com/Alcohol_Abuse_Statistics.html, October 19, 2010
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Smoking Stats and Facts
•Smoking kills. Smoking-related diseases kill one in 10 adults globally, or
cause four million deaths. If the same rate continues, by 2030 smoking will
kill one in six people.
•About a third of the male adult global population smokes.
•Cigarette smoke contains 11 chemical compounds that are known to cause
cancer.
•Someone dies every eight seconds from tobacco use
•Among young teens (aged 13 to 15), about one in five smokes worldwide.
•Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of disease and premature
death. It is a prime factor in heart disease, stroke and chronic lung disease.
It can cause cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder,
and contributes to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys.
http://smoking.ygoy.com/smoking-statistics-general-facts/, October 19, 2009
Smoking
Even the greatest can be destroyed…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hKHQ
M-xed4
Addiction…. Thoughts?
Reduces… Help controls…
Risk for heart attack Weight
Colon cancer Healthy bones
Diabetes Muscles
High blood pressure Joints
Risk for stroke
Fewer hospitalizations
Falls among older
adults Physician visits
Symptoms of anxiety medicatoins
or depression
Regular physical activity
What Recreation Can Do to Help
Health
Wishing Up to
Better Health
•Inspire kids to make
wise nutrition and
activity choices
•Sajai Foundatoin (2006)
• Combate childhood
obesity
• Out of school
recreation programs
• Goal: bridge the gap
between school and
home for children to
live healthier lives
•Partnered with NRPA
Wise Kids
9 week program
Results of Wise Kids
The Study 3 Classes
leisure can be known Preventative
as a coping and mechanism
therapeutic tool with Use of leisure during
growing research the stress-coping
talking about how process
leisure can contribute Transcend negative
to health, well-being, life events
and work-life
balance.
Using Leisure to Cope
Conclusion
They found leisure
can contribute to
physical, social,
emotional and
cognitive health
through
prevention, coping
and transcendence
Volunteer work
University of Michigan
found that volunteer work,
more then any other
activity, dramatically
increased life expectancy.
Feeling of warmth from
doing good coming from
endorphins (brains natural
opiate or stimulant)
Smart growth in urban and community
designs
◦ Reduce energy consumption
◦ Provide multiple transportation options
◦ Make communities more livable
◦ Make communities more pedestrian friendly
SMART About Parks
New York Park
Pros
• Escape urban stress
• Place to exercise
• Read a book
• Enjoy a picnic
• Crime rate may drop
• Continue restoration in other
parks
Cons
• Crime in parks
• Huge press
• Not enough money to
provide security in parks
(Schwartz, 2008)
Medical Tourism
Going to other countries to obtain medical,
dental, and surgical care while touring,
vacationing, and fully experiencing the
attractions of the countries they are visiting
Medical Tourism
Pros Cons
Lower cost of Some surgerys need
healthcare
Affordability of more then just the fix
international travel Complications after
Improvement of Spend more money
technology and
standards of care with complications
Proven safety of
healthcare in select
foreign nations
Vacation + treatment
Medical Tourism
Cost comparisons of Medical Tourism
More comparisons…
Balanced Diet
Nutrition
What are we Eating?
•Nutrient Dense
•Energy Dense
•Carbohydrates-4
•Proteins-4
•Fats-9
•75 and 3
Nutrition
BMI does not measure body composition
directly but closely corresponds to direct
measures of body composition.
http://bmi.emedtv.com/bmi/what-is-bmi.html, October 18, 2010
BMI determined by height and weight
Can be calculated or found with the BMI
scale
Inexpensive and easy to use
BMI Information (Good Health Habits)
BMI
Underweight-18.4 and below
Appropriate Range-18.5-24.9
Overweight-25-29.9
Obese-30 and above
BMI Results
Is simply the % of fat that your body
contains. http://www.healthchecksystems.com/bodyfat.htm, October 18,
2009
A certain amount of fat is essential to
bodily functions. Fat regulates body
temperature, cushions and insulates
organs and tissues and is the main form
of the body's energy storage.
http://www.healthchecksystems.com/bodyfat.htm, October 18, 2009
Body Composition(Good Health
Habits)
Women Men
Essential Fat 10-12% 2-4%
Athletes 14-20% 6-13%
Fitness 21-24% 14-17%
Acceptable 25-31% 18-25%
Obese 32% plus 25% plus
American Council on Exercise
Skin Calipers, BOD POD, Underwater
Weighing, DEXA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cQLfx1SAUQ
Body Composition
A way to calculate proper workout %’s
based on an individual’s resting heart rate
as compared to relying solely on Max
Heart Rate which is based solely on
age-220.
At lower percentages 50%-85%
Higher percentages utilize more carbs.
Lower percentages utilize more fats.
Heart Rate Reserve (Good Health Habits)
Max heart Rate= 220-Age
Resting Hear Rate= Find Pulse, count beats
for 15 sec and x 4.
Equation MHR-RHR x % of desired workout
intensity + RHR.
Do fitness facilities promote and utilize these
simple methods of fitness to promote facility
utilization?
Heart Rate Reserve
What are your thoughts about BMI?
Do you feel this is accurate? Why?
Can you see why this outdated?
Do you feel you could utilize the HRR
calculations to increase your workout
productivity?
Questions
According to recent studies, about 55% of
Americans do not get the recommended
amount of exercise to promote good
health.
About 40% of adults report no leisure
time activity
30 min. moderate, 20 min. vigerous 3 or
more days a week
About only ½ of 12-21 year olds engage
in regular vigorous, physical activity
Fitness Center Related Facts
Size of facilities have increase by 5% over the past 5 years
Average size is 3,240 sq. ft, roughly 2 sq. ft. per member
86% of members of facilities have indicated they would
increase the size of their facility.
Why would you think that the size of a
facility is so important to its members?
Does the size of your facility really matter to
you?
Could this mean larger facilities would equal better
health for more people?
Fitness Center Trends
Example Channahon, IL. Went from a 900
sq. ft. space to 3,600 sq. ft
Doubled the cardio equipment and added
a free weight area
Huge difference in membership 400-1000
members
Visits in users showed even greater
increase
Memberships continue to grow even with
5 new facilities in surrounding area.
Fitness Center Trends…
IL parks and rec. agencies reported an avg.
of 61 pieces of equipment in their facilities-
20% increase over past 5 years.
76% would increase strength equipment
86% would increase selection of cardio
equipment.
Cardio equipment most utilized in order-
Treadmills, elliptical, recumbent cycles, stair
steppers, and rowers
What piece of equipment do you utilize
most within a facility and why?
Fitness Center Trends…
http://www.prelovac.com/vladimir/understanding-america-today (graph)
http://w w w.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/34013.html (increasing life expectancy graph)
http://w w w.rand.org/health/feature/forty/obesity_health_care_costs.html ( adult obesity)
Trenberth, L. (2005). The role, nature and purpose of leisure and its contribution to individual development and well-being. British
Journal of Guidance Counseling, 33(1), 1-6.
http://w w w.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2001/html/chapter_06_figure_01_139.html (causes of
death 2000)
http://commons.w ikimedia.org/w iki/File:Preventable_causes_of_death.png (preventative causes of death)
http://w w w.consumerreports.org/health/conditions-and-treatments/the-risks-and-benefits-of-drinking-alcohol/overview/index.htm
(deaths prevented/caused by alcohol)
Dolesh R. SMART About Parks. (Cover story). Parks & Recreation [serial online]. June 2010;45(6):32-36. Available from: Academic
Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 18, 2010
Schwartz, A. (2008, April). Tracking crime in the parks. Gotham Gazette, Retrieved from
http://w w w.gothamgazette.com/article/parks/20080402/14/2480
Hanson M. Wising Up to Better Health. Parks & Recreation [serial online]. February 2008;43(2):68-73. Available from: Academic
Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 18, 2010.
Hickerson B, Moore A, Oakleaf L, et al. The Role of a Senior Center in Promoting Physical Activity for Older Adults. Journal of Park &
Recreation Administration [serial online]. Spring2008 2008;26(1):22-39. Available from: Academic Search Complete,
Ipsw ich, MA. Accessed October 18, 2010.
Buggey, T. (2007, Summer). Storyboard for Ivan's morning routine. Diagram. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9(3), 151.
Retrieved December 14, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.
Resources
http://bmi.emedtv.com/bmi/w hat-is-bmi.html (bmi)
http://www.healthchecksystems.com/bodyfat.htm (obesity)
http://stress.about.com/od/stresshealth/a/stresshealth.htm (stress)
http://www.win.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/index.htm#other (graph)
http://w w w.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/national-drug-statistics.html (drugs)
http://www.about-alcohol-abuse.com/Alcohol_Abuse_Statistics.html (alcohol)
http://smoking.ygoy.com/smoking-statistics-general-facts/ (smoking)
Atilano, D. Tracking the Trends. Parks & Recreation. [serial online]. March 2006; 41(3): 46-51
Hampl, J, Wardlaw , G. Perspectives in Nutrition. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007.
Resources