Existence
A free publication; written for release on the
Internet by,
Stephen Martin
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Existence
Introduction
This book is basically a diary of my all my best and favourite ideas about
the nature of reality and on our own existence both physically and
metaphysically.
Before I start, I would like to make it clear that I hold no special
qualifications that allow me to make educated conclusions on the nature
of reality. I am a boringly normal fellow, but like most people I have
spent a lot of my life trying to get a handle on how things work; these
things cover a wide spectrum of stuff, from trying to figure out how to set
the video timer to getting a handle on Einstein’s theory of relativity.
I would like to think that my lack of relevant qualifications will make this
book much easier to read, you won’t find any mathematical formulas
here, just easy to understand ideas. The only qualifications that you will
require to finish this book just happen to be the same qualifications that I
possess, which are a life filled with curiosity and a desire to learn.
Curiosity is hard wired into basic human nature and expanding the limits
of our understanding is a rich, rewarding and fun exercise.
Hopefully this book will be an enjoyable exploration of our reality and
just maybe you will come away from it with some new answers to those
big questions from your youth that have never been adequately answered.
Questions like: What exactly is Time? How does Gravity work? How
does thought work and what exactly is the Mind or Soul? How does
inert/dead matter turn into living biological matter? And what was
existence like before the birth of our Universe?
Having read the above paragraph, you have probably decided that this
book is going to be filled with vague, predictable, mystical mumbo-
jumbo, but I promise that all of my ideas will take the form of basic
imaginable, workable models of the mechanisms that make up reality.
This isn’t a unified field theory, but a more basic model, which does a
similar job.
None of my ideas are proven, but they do compliment our current
understandings of our universe, from the theories of relativity, to our new
understanding on the nature of the quantum universe.
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Remember though; that these are just ideas and do not represent a
definitive model of our reality. The ideas here just represent one possible
model, a model that at first glance seems to work quite well, but whether
or not these ideas will hold up to close scrutiny; I have no idea.
Most of my ideas are hinged on my own personal conclusions on the
nature of time, which I formulated in 2004; while I was engaged in an
online debate about; whether it would be possible to halt all motion
within and of a particle of matter.
The core issues of the debate were; if it were possible, what would
happen to the particle? And what could we learn from it?
I won’t go any farther into this discussion at this point, although I will say
that I believe I had an epiphany during this debate, which turned my
perceptions and beliefs about the nature of all reality upside-down.
For as long as I can remember I have speculated on the nature of time.
When I was six years old; I remember asking my twelve year old sister
“what is the sky made of?” after giving me a puzzled look she seemed to
give me the first answer that popped into her head and simply said “Time,
the sky is made of time”. She then left me to mull over this profound
answer, to play with her best friend Louise who lived three doors away
further down our street.
I of course realize that she just gave me this answer to keep me quite, but
I have always wondered, what exactly is time? Is it a force, a dimension
as Einstein himself concluded, or something even more mysterious?
Throughout the history of our race we have endeavoured to understand
the mechanics and meanings of our reality and to understand how the
world inside our minds relates to the world outside.
I think of reality as a vast puzzle waiting to be solved and every discovery
both philosophical and scientific is a piece of this vast jigsaw.
I believe that one of the biggest pieces of this puzzle must be a complete
understanding on the nature of time and in this book I will show you how;
with a new and different perspective on the nature of time, it is possible
to tie together, the quantum and cosmic realities, explain exactly how
gravity works, give new answers to the question, what is the nature and
purpose of biological life and even open new possibilities and scientific
ideas on the nature and existence of the living soul.
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With this book I hope to share all those moments I have had when all of
the pieces of the puzzle have come together and the light of realisation
has shone through my mind. That glorious feeling of EUREKA!
Which simply translates as “I have it”.
Hopefully after reading this book you will have a complete picture in
your mind of exactly how the vast systems that govern our Universe work
and fit together.
This book should basically explain how the universe works, either that or
I am wasting yours and my time; in which case this book will either make
you laugh or just plain angry.
Lets just see where it takes us shall we?
The contents of this book shouldn’t be viewed as a theory, but as a list of
ideas. I have tried to capture an image of our existence without viewing it
from one particular perspective.
Hopefully these ideas will be something that you, the reader have never
seen before. Through the images that I hope to be able to paint in your
mind; I hope to explain Time, Gravity, the Quantum universe, why the
speed of light is both constant and the highest velocity achievable in our
universe, the nature of God, souls and the emergence of Biological life;
all in one fell swoop…betch’ave never seen that done before; have ya.
It is not my aim to offer you something that will exclude all other
possibilities. What I do hope to do is engage your imagination and give
you the inspiration to truly think about your place in this vast cosmos of
ours.
To Quote Buddha,
“Believe nothing.
No matter where you read it,
or who said it,
Even if I have said it,
Unless it agrees with your own reason
And your own common sense.”
To begin with I will share my own conclusions on the nature of time, as
these conclusions represent my own starting point to all of the ideas listed
in this book.
Enjoy.
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Chapter one
The Nature of Time
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I mentioned in the introduction of this book that all of my conclusions
about the nature of reality were inspired by one conversation, a
conversation that took place over the Internet no less.
The conversation was based around the idea that if you could freeze a
particle of matter to absolute zero, that that particle would cease to
experience time, because at absolute zero; all forms of energy within and
around it would have come to a halt.
It is a good premise for a debate and it does get you thinking about the
nature of time, which it certainly did for myself and it is through the short
fallings in this idea that I believe I have gained a greater understanding of
the workings of our Universe.
I realised that even if you did manage to freeze a particle to absolute zero,
that you would be unable to halt the particle’s motion through space.
In 1929 Dr Edwin Hubble made the startling discovery that all matter
within our Universe is constantly on the move, due to the left over inertia
from the Big Bang.
During the early stages of the Big Bang all the matter that makes up our
Universe was radiating/moving outward, as you would expect from an
unimaginably large explosion.
Dr Edwin Hubble made his discovery, by using the Doppler effect as a
tool to measure the velocity and motion of stars and galaxies. The
Doppler effect is observed when extremely distant objects are moving
towards or away from the viewer, due to the frequency of the light waves,
an object moving towards the viewer will tend towards a blue tint,
whereas an object moving away will to appear reddish.
In 1929 Dr Hubble observed that objects further away usually appeared to
have a reddish tint, which suggests that all matter within our universe is
drifting apart, and this is the basis for Hubble’s law and showed us that
the Universe is constantly expanding at a rate that is relative to distance.
The first flaw in the Frozen Particle Hypothesis that I spotted; was that
Even If you could halt all motion within the particle (which I still don’t
believe is possible, but that is a debate for another time), the particle
would still be moving with the expansion of our Universe (similar to a
twig floating on a fast moving stream), which begs the question; how fast
do you have to be travelling to cancel out Expansion?
I did some research into this question, but as it turns out, no one really
knows, but the closest estimate made my mind boggle.
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The general conscientious is that the Universe is expanding at or near to
the speed of light.
This means that to stop moving through space that you would have to
accelerate to the speed of light, which coincidently is exactly what
Einstein predicted would happen, with his Theory of relativity, at light
speed everything stops, including time.
With this revelation I was able to develop a model in my mind of our
Universe, with which I could explain, time, Gravity, Light Radiation,
Electrical charge, the presence of matter and just about every form of
energy within our universe and at the core of all of these revelations is a
new perspective on the nature of time.
I started to ask myself; what if time is merely how we experience motion?
I then went further and imagined that perhaps there are only two forms of
energy and those energies are kinetic energy and potential energy or more
simply motion and static, which would mean that we truly live a binary
existence.
At first I thought that I must be wrong, because the Universe hasn’t
always existed, but there must have been some kind of existence before
the big bang.
My model depends on the idea that the moment of the Universe’s birth
was also the start of time, but in my mind time must exist for there to
have been something to explode and expand to become our Universe.
My first basic conclusion was that the motion of universal expansion is
what gives all matter and energy within our universe a common medium
of time.
It occurred to me that if all matter within the Universe is constantly
travelling at light-speed, then all phenomenon that appears to be
travelling a L/S would actually have to be stationary.
I should clarify that when I say that we are travelling at light-speed, what
is actually happening is that the at the farthest distances within our
Universe or to put it more simply the opposing boundaries of our
Universe are receding away from one another at twice the speed of light.
This is the easiest way to gauge our velocity, because by halving this
speed we learn the rate at which we are travelling through static space.
The problem is that it would mean that our universe is actually expanding
at twice the speed that it is generally believed to be expanding, but then
again we would never be able to prove that this is so, because the part of
the Universe that is receding faster than L/S would be invisible to us. The
light from this portion of the Universe would never reach us because we
are constantly outpacing it, or within the parameters of my model the
light isn’t actually moving therefore: this part of the universe cannot be
said to be moving parallel to ourselves.
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Light becomes a real headache within the parameters of this model.
The problem is that rather than thinking in terms of which way or
velocity a particle is actually travelling, we have to think in terms of
speed and direction that the rest of the Universe is travelling around a
static particle.
The closest metaphor that I can think of is: when you are sitting in a car
next to a large vehicle and the vehicle next to you starts moving forward,
but for a split second you feel that you are actually rolling backwards.
The illusion requires a total reassessment of your position and motion in
reference to your surroundings and depending on how you react to this
illusion, it can be quite jarring. Now imagine that same sensation on a
scale that encompasses the entire Universe (See what I mean; BIG
headache.)
Now here is were it gets really weird, because now I am going to explain
how light can be a stationary particle and at the same time appear to be
travelling at Light-Speed in any direction.
The idea that Time as we know it is really our perception of motion is not
a new idea, the problem lies in the fact that Einstein’s theory of relativity
tells us that time actually slows down the faster we go.
The idea that Universal expansion provides the velocity necessary for us
to suggest that time merely be motion in disguise is a relatively new one
and I am not the first one to come up with it, but no-one has been able to
explain how light radiation and any other phenomenon that is transmitted
at Light-Speed fits into this model, so this is going to be something new.
It is useful to know that all matter within our Universe is drifting apart at
equal velocities in every direction, as the distance increases between two
objects so does the velocity that they are drifting apart at.
If you imagine two points in space separated by a particular number of
light years (for this example the distances are not important) and over a
set period of time these two points drift apart by two miles. Now if we
observe two different points in space that are double the distance of the
original two points then we will observe that the distance that they have
drifted apart has also doubled so that they would have travelled an extra
two miles in the same period of time. See diagram below.
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This basic example shows why at greater distances the Universe expands
at higher speeds and how it is possible for the Universe to be expanding
at the speed of light between it’s centre and its outer boundary.
When we consider the sheer size of the Universe it becomes apparent that
the speed of light is actually a snail’s pace; if we could observe expansion
from beyond the outer boundary of our Universe we would be unable to
register any motion at all within any feasible human time scale.
Now to the subject of light or all other phenomenon that is believed to
naturally travel through space at the speed of light.
If we imagine that all matter in the Universe is actually travelling at Light
speed and that all forms of Radiation are not moving at all, then we have
the problem of explaining how light can appear to travel in any direction
and every direction from a common source. In other words, when we turn
on a light switch, light is radiated in all directions simultianously. If it is
the rest of the universe that is moving and the photons actually
completely still then this should be impossible, but if that is so why am I
wasting my time trying to suggest that this is what is really happening.
The reason is that; not only is it possible for light to radiate this way, but
also it is the only way that it can happen.
If we remember that the Universe is expanding at the same rate in all
directions simultaneously we can just about imagine that in every
direction in space we can be made to appear to be moving in every
direction simultaneously. If we could imagine an immense invisible globe
surrounding our solar system and that this globe is so large that at it’s
boundary it intersects hundreds of galaxies and at it’s very centre is the
Earth.
If we imagine that in each of these Galaxies there is an astronomer who is
at this moment in time making the same discovery that Edwin Hubble
made in 1929. Each Scientist is looking at our Galaxy and each scientist
has noticed that our galaxy appears to have a reddish tint. All of these
Scientists use these observations to conclude that the Universe is
expanding, because they realised that the reddish tint means that our
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galaxy is moving away from them-selves. From our point of view all of
these galaxies appear reddish, because they are moving away from us, but
from these Galaxies we appear to be moving away from them all. We are
not shrinking; it is just that the space in between all of these points is
expanding.
The point of this model is to demonstrate that all points in space are in
fact moving in every direction through three directional space from every
possible perspective.
If we expand this model to the farthest possible distances in every
direction we discover that we are moving in every direction at the speed
of light.
This is how light can appear to travel in every direction simultaneously
without actually moving, it is because every point in space is travelling in
every direction simultaneously through space at the speed of light.
If it hurts too much to hold onto this idea then don’t worry, the rest of this
book won’t be quite so painful.
I warned you that it would give you a headache.
Near to the start of this Chapter I said: ‘‘I started to ask myself; what if
time is merely how we experience motion? I then went further and
imagined that perhaps there are only two forms of energy and those
energies are kinetic energy and potential energy or more simply motion
and static, which would mean that we truly live a binary existence.
At first I thought that I must be wrong, because the Universe hasn’t
always existed, but there must have been some kind of existence before
the big bang.
My model depends on the idea that the moment of the Universe’s birth
was also the start of time, but in my mind time must exist for there to
have been something to explode and expand to become our Universe.’’
Now I will explain how I got around this problem of how there could be a
form of existence before the birth of our Universe and expansion induced
time, by introducing you to a concept that I have come up with called
Fractal or Quantum time.
If we conclude that all time is merely the physical effects of motion
through space, then we could conclude that all particles that have motion
must experience time, therefore the motion of Universal expansion is not
the only form of time that it is possible to experience.
I started to think about Quantum scale Particles of matter, because at
these scales Einstein’s laws of relativity no longer fully apply. It has been
demonstrated that at the Quantum scale matter can behave in some really
unusual ways, light speed can be achieved and in some cases the natural
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state for some particles, instantaneous communication between particles
over unlimited distances is possible, particles can exist in several states at
once, and it is possible for matter to exist in more than three dimensions.
I wondered to myself why is it that Quantum Particles can be immune to
the natural laws that govern our Universe at all scales above the sub-
atomic scale.
I realized that all matter at or below the atomic scales tend to repeat their
trajectories endlessly, for example an atomic nuclei will always have the
same number of electrons orbiting it on set trajectories, the nuclei will
always rotate in the same way, at the smallest hypothetical scales; super
strings oscillate or rotate in the same way endlessly (probably), in fact the
only particles that do seem to have linear trajectories are the ones that
move in straight lines at light speed, but then in this model; these particles
are not actually moving at all.
I came to the conclusion that all matter at the sub atomic scales will only
move in trajectories that repeat.
It occurred to me that if time is actually motion, then by having closed
trajectories that constantly repeat, then matter at these scales could have
an infinite lifespan. This made me wonder what existence might have
been like before the Big Bang and shared linear expansion. I considered
that all matter might have behaved in ways that allow constant repetitive
motion. I have always wondered how it could be possible for matter to
exist in the first place, because which ever way you look, you just cannot
create something from nothing 0+0 will always = 0.
If pre-universal matter has infinite life spans then it is a rather elegant
way around the problem of finding the energy necessary to create matter
from shear vacuum, because if the matter has an infinite life span then it
has always been there and therefore no energy is needed to create it. If
there is possible perpetual configuration of matter then it already exists
and has always done so. It is also apparent that without a common
medium of time, that all matter must be able to generate and maintain its
own form of time.
If these ideas where true then it would mean that our Universe operates
on two very different forms of time.
I decided to name these Macro-linear time and Fractal time.
Macro Linear for all matter within our Universe that is above the atomic
scale because all matter at these scales has a linear life span, in other
words a start and an end. Fractal time for all sub atomic matter, not
because fractal means a system that repeats, because it doesn’t mean that,
but I do believe that it is the repeating trajectories of all sub-atomic
matter causes life and nature to form and grow into fractal like patterns.
The points of a snowflake the curve of a snail’s shell or of your own
fingertip. The spiral of a woman’s ovaries, the shape of a fern leaf, time
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and time again we see fractal patterns forming in nature and I personally
believe that it is due to the fact that fractal patterns repeat infinitely, as
does all matter at the sub-atomic scales.
I will be coming back to the subject of time on many occasions through
out this book, because it is because of my unusual ideas about time, that I
am able to make conclusions on the subjects that have defied explanation
throughout our history.
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Chapter Two
The Nature of Energy
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Part I
Light
In this Section, I will explain how in this model; all forms of energy
within our Universe are all in fact different forms of motion, from
Electrical charge, Nuclear Energy, Gravitational force, Inertial Force and
all forms of Particle Radiation.
I will start by explaining in greater detail some of my ideas about the
nature of light, I have already given you a fair outline of my ideas, but I
will now explain how a Photon (light particle) is emitted or rather halted
and how it continues to exist, even though once halted, it should really
cease to exist, as all halted matter would within the constraints of this
model, because once halted; the particle would no-longer experience
linear time.
To begin with I will explain the process of halting a light particle, these
can be photons, electrons, neutrons, protons, photons, high-energy
photons and every particle in our Universe that seem to have the ability to
travel at light speed.
Many elements in nature are known to be radioactive, which means that
over time the atoms that make this element will lose particles from it’s
nucleus and this results in particle radiation.
The particles are emitted as light, at the speed of light as they are no
longer being held in place by Nuclear force.
I believe, that at the sub-atomic scales, matter has a low enough mass to
be unaffected by the inertial force of Universal expansion.
It is generally believed that space is actually made of something and that
the emptiness between the stars is filled with invisible ether that can bend
light and generates the force interpret as gravity.
In recent years it has been suggested that all matter with our Universe is
actually made of this same ether and that in fact everything that you can
see and touch is made of space.
Since the early nineties, there have been many attempts to understand
how our Universe works, through the idea that everything within our
Universe is made up of Super-strings.
A super-string is a single dimensional unit of space/time which moves
and oscillates in certain whys that can mathematically provide answers to
the really big questions that have been bothering physicists for so many
years.
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Single dimension; simply means that a stationary string would only exist
in one, but by moving the String is able to exist in more dimensions, and
not just the well know ones, i.e. X, Y, Z (height, depth, width) and time,
there could theoretically be up to 32 dimensions, although that number
has dropped back to 11 with the invention of M-theory, which is the latest
version of Super-string theory.
Super strings are thought to be the smallest possible unit of matter and it
is believed that it is the characteristics of these strings that generate and
shape the different forms of energy that exist within our Universe.
The problem that I have with String theory is that extra dimensions are
needed for this theory to work and that these dimensions are so small that
we will never know whether they truly exist or not.
Quantum physics is filled with good ideas that are un-provable or so
difficult to prove that it could be hundreds of years before we will ever
have the technology to prove or disprove them.
Some of these ideas really do make good common sense, but there are
some, which; although they seem to explain an event or phenomenon
often require a huge leap of faith.
Two examples of these ideas; for me personally; are Super string theory
and the hypothetical particle the Graviton.
I do think that there may be some truth to Super string theory and even
more so with the updated M-theory, but I find the idea of the Graviton
really hard to swallow.
Personally I think a good clue that you are on the right track when
investigating phenomena at the Quantum scale, would be that the smaller
you look the simpler the Universe becomes.
I personally believe that the energies and phenomena that control and
shape our Universe are all decedents of much simpler, smaller
phenomenon and events.
To a physicist the Universe is a huge complex puzzle and the human race
holds most of the pieces. At this stage we can just about make out a good
portion of the Big picture, the problem is that we are too occupied with
filling in the blanks with home made pieces that seem to fit, but when it
comes to fitting in the next piece, we find that it doesn’t have anywhere
to go. So now we have to invent some more pieces to make the new piece
fit.
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Eventually we end up with an image of our Universe that has almost no
bearing to the real thing.
Both super string theory and M-theory are good insightful ideas that do
explain a lot about how Quantum reality relates to cosmic, or large-scale
reality. The problem for me is that there are some really wild unproven
concepts behind these theories. I think the problem is that, in the interests
of making the latest theory explain all phenomenons within our Universe,
wild and un-likely theories are needed. No one wants to hear or read half
of a theory, so liberties are taken to help fill in the gaps.
This is just my own opinion and it is why I have built my own model of
our reality.
Concerning the nature of matter and space itself I have borrowed heavily
from Super string theory.
I believe that space or ether has elasticity and that without complex
matter or motion, that it’s natural state is an immense or possibly infinite
undulating sea of potential energy. I believe that motion in space is
possible and that dimension is not present (or at least perceived) until
ether becomes mobile.
All mass as perceived within our Universe, is simply the energy required
to move or alter the motion of space.
Motion or energy cannot simply be created from nothing; a kinetic wave
through space must encounter another equally strong or stronger wave to
cancel the original wave out, also a wave cannot be created without
another wave to initiate its own motion. It is this opposing and creating
energy that gives us a measurable medium of both mass and inertia.
Linear motion in space, in the form of wave energy is short lived as the
kinetic force is spread out until it either flattens out or it collides with
another wave causing killing the energy in both waves.
Unfortunately I have absolutely no idea what exactly space itself is, but I
feel that we are only seeing a tiny part of the picture and that our
Universe is an exotic pattern of motion on the surface of a unimaginably
huge mass, which is itself a tiny part of a huge complex and exotic
system.
It is impossible to say where or how these kinetic waves in flat space are
generated, as we are unable to observe anything outside the boundaries of
our own Universe.
Linear waves however can lead to a different type of motion and this is
possible when two equally strong waves collide at angles that they can
allow the propagation of vortexes.
If anyone reading this has ever rowed a boat; they will have seen this
happen many times, as the motion of the or pulls the water backwards, it
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will form a wave which can collide at a diagonal angle with the wave
caused by the boat’s passage through the water, causing a mini whirlpool.
If this were to happen in flat space, where the only medium is the
elasticity of space itself, then these vortexes could have infinite life spans.
These vortexes could come in many different configurations and they
could contain incredible energies, remember that the speed of light is the
speed limit for our Universe; in flat space any speed is achievable so
these spatial waves could contain a huge amount of force. The more
energy that a vortex has trapped then the harder it would be to break.
A vortex could be unimaginably tiny yet spinning so fast, that space is
stretched to the very limit of its elasticity by the centrifugal force of the
kinetic space. If such a vortex were broken, then the energies that would
be released could be immense.
These Vortexes could be the most basic unit of matter, they would
contain mass and they would come in a huge variety of forms. They
would experience repeating internal time and their motions would add
dimension to flat space.
These vortexes could even interact and combine to form more complex
matrixes of matter.
Due of the nature of space without time, these vortexes could interact and
combine in some really bizarre ways. Every vortex perceives space and
time entirely through the medium of their varying shapes, sizes, speeds
and masses. Vortexes could link together pass through one another, orbit
each other repel, attract and rarely cancel one another out.
What starts out as a simple linear wave through flat space, becomes a
huge whirling system with an infinite number of sub systems going all the
way back to the smallest moving unit of energy; the miniscule vortexes
that make up the whole mechanism.
I will later explain my ideas about the Birth of our Universe or Big-Bang,
but for the moment I will skip that part in the interests of getting to the
bottom of the mechanics of radiation and all Light-speed phenomenon.
If we imagine that all matter within our Universe is made up of the
Vortexes that I described earlier in this chapter, then we can imagine that
even the smallest particle within our Universe could be a mini Universe
in its own right and that all matter even at the smallest observable level is
made up of an immense hierarchy of motions and systems. In this way we
can see that all matter within our Universe is already embodied with
internal motion/time and that even if matter halts from the perspective of
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Universal expansion, that it would continue to exist due the time or
motion that all matter contains internally.
Even though we know that within my model, that the photon does
continue to exist, it should really be completely invisible to us, because it
is experiencing time internally and not from the perspective of expanding
space, but as the particle passes through expanding space, it has an effect
on space itself. The particle is still a force of motion on the same space
that our Universe is expanding through, therefore any effect that this
particle has on space itself is observable form the perspective of
expanding space. Once a particle strikes a surface in expanding space it
exists on in expanding time for a split second, but once its motion has
changed it becomes invisible again.
A photon is a particle of matter that is small enough for it to be minimally
affected by Universal expansion.
Physicists have been unable to explain why it is that a photon can be both
a wave and yet a particle at the same time, but with this model it becomes
pretty obvious. The photon’s passage through mobile space is perceived
as a wave force, due to the fact that it is not moving with respect to
Universal expansion, but its passage through mobile space generates a
wake in space itself.
A photon or any other sub atomic particle radiation usually starts life
attached to an atom
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Part II
Gravity
I will go straight from light into an explanation of gravity; the reason for
this is that both light and gravity require a reassessment of how motion
and time work within our Universe.
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