Doruk COŞKUN – 0721412 CMPE4001 - Computer Communication Network
MPLS - Multi Protocol Label Switching
MPLS is the short form of Multi Protocol Label Switching ( by IEFT ). It can be declared that integrates
Layer 2 (Switching ) and Layer 3 ( Routing ) within a particular autonomous system in order to
simplify and improve IP-packet exchange.
When a packet enters MPLS-based network LER (Label Edge Router ) create a label for this packet.
This label contains routing table entry, IP header field and Layer 4 (Transport Layer ) socket number
information. When this step is completed, different packets are assigned to corresponding Labeled
Switch Paths (LSPs), where Label Switch Routers (LSRs) place outgoing labels on the packets. With
these LSPs, network operators can divert and route traffic based on data-stream type and Internet-
access customer.
Sources : http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS , http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MPLS.html
Differences Between TCP and UDP
1. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, a connection can
be made from client to server, and from then on any data can be sent along that connection.
o Reliable - when you send a message along a TCP socket, you know it will get there
unless the connection fails completely. If it gets lost along the way, the server will re-
request the lost part. This means complete integrity, things don't get corrupted.
o Ordered - if you send two messages along a connection, one after the other, you
know the first message will get there first. You don't have to worry about data
arriving in the wrong order.
o Heavyweight - when the low level parts of the TCP "stream" arrive in the wrong
order, resend requests have to be sent, and all the out of sequence parts have to be
put back together, so requires a bit of work to piece together.
2. UDP(User Datagram Protocol). A simpler message-based connectionless protocol. With UDP
you send messages(packets) across the network in chunks.
o Unreliable - When you send a message, you don't know if it'll get there, it could get
lost on the way.
Doruk COŞKUN – 0721412 CMPE4001 - Computer Communication Network
o Not ordered - If you send two messages out, you don't know what order they'll
arrive in.
o Lightweight - No ordering of messages, no tracking connections, etc. It's just fire and
forget! This means it's a lot quicker, and the network card / OS have to do very little
work to translate the data back from the packets.
Sources : http://www.skullbox.net/tcpudp.php , http://tunnel.mrq3.com/explain/node2.html
Differences Between RTP and RTCP
RTP is the shortest form of Real-Time Transfer Protocol. It declares that a standard packet format for
transferring audio and video datas over IP Networks. It is commonly used for streaming media,
telephone and video conferences.
RTCP is the shortest form of Real-Time Transport Control Protocol. It is an application layer protocol
which monitorize data transmission statistics , QoS (Quality of Service ). We can take a log in terms of
the bytes of transmitted data, packet counts, lost packet counts and round-trip delay time.
Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTP_Control_Protocol , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-
time_Transport_Protocol