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LAB 3: Descriptive Statistics
Before you begin this lab, make sure that the Analysis ToolPak Add-in feature is loaded on your
computer.
To do this click on the Data button in Excel and look for Data Analysis on the far right hand
side of your screen. If the Data Analysis feature is not shown, ask your instructor for help.
Purpose: In this lab, we will use Excel to generate summary statistics of data.
Computing Measures of Center and Variation using the Data Analysis Option
We will learn how to compute measures of center directly from a data set. We will be using the data set
entitled TestGradeData.XLS.
1. On the STT 160 website ( http://www.math.wright.edu/STT_160.html), click on
TestGradeData.xls to open the dataset.
2. In the File Download dialog box click on Save.
3. When the Save As dialog box opens, click on upside down arrow and choose the H drive
(your personal WSU drive). Click Save. Close the Download dialog box.
4. To open Excel, click on the Start Menu and Microsoft Excel 2010.
5. Open the data set TestGradeData.XLS which was saved on your H drive by going to the File
Tab and selecting Open. In the Open dialog box, click on the upside down arrow and choose
the H drive. Then double click on the TestGradeData.XLS file.
6. Once the file is opened, rename the Sheet 1 “GradesDataAnalysisMethod” by clicking on the
Sheet 1 tab and typing in text.
7. To access the Data Analysis feature click on Data in the menu bar, and then click on Data
Analysis.
8. In the Data Analysis Dialog Box, double click on Descriptive Statistics.
9. Generate the descriptive statistics for the first column in your data set only (test grades) by
giving the following information:
a) For Input Range, type the cell addresses for the test scores A2:A33.
b) Click Output Range and type D1. This will be the upper left corner of the output for
the first column’s analysis.
c) Click on Summary Statistics box.
d) Click OK.
10. Once you have your Summary Statistics box, you will need to make some adjustments.
a) You will need to resize your columns to see all of the output. This can be done by
clicking and dragging between the letters at the top of the columns.
b) Change the title. To do this click on D1 and change “Column 1” to “Test Grades” in
the formula bar.
11. Click on the File Tab and Print, and preview your document to make sure that the Summary
Statistics box looks correct and then print out a copy of your Summary Statistics with the
data.
12. Now generate Summary Statistics for Test Grades for men and women separately.
a) First, copy the test grade and gender columns to a new sheet (Sheet 2) by
highlighting grade and gender columns. Then go to the Home tab on the ribbon and
click on copy located on the clipboard section. Then click on the new sheet, and
click paste from the clipboard section of the File Tab. Name the sheet “Grades By
Gender”.
b) Highlight your two columns, and then choose Data and Sort. In the dialog box,
choose Sort By Gender. Click OK. Your test grades should now be sorted by Gender.
c) Obtain two Summary Statistics results by using the Data Analysis option twice, once
for female (Input A2:A19, output D1) and once for male (Input A20:A33, output G1).
d) Resize your columns and rename titles with female and male.
13. Look at the print preview to make sure that the two Summary Statistics box looks correct
and then print out a copy of your two Summary Statistics with the data. (Adjust if needed to
keep on one page.)
Use your Summary Statistics to answer the following questions.
1. Give a brief description of each measure included in your Summary Statistics box. (Ignore
standard error, kurtosis and skewness.)
2. Comment on how the class did on the test as a whole. Mention the mean, median, and
standard deviation and what they tell you.
3. Compare test grades for men versus women on the test, mentioning the mean, median and
standard deviation.
Computing Measures of Center and Variation using Formulas
The Data Analysis Option is a quick method to find the measures of center and variation. But this
method does not involve knowledge of statistics. There are other ways to calculate these values which
require an understanding of how the measures of center and variation are found.
1. Copy the test grade and gender columns from the first sheet to a new sheet (Sheet 3) and
name the sheet “Grade Formulas”.
2. The mean is a measure of center which works by summing up all the test grades and
dividing by the total number of test grades. To create a formula that will find the mean test
grade:
a) Click on C1 and type in “Sum”. Click on C2 and in the formula bar, type in the equal
to sign “=” followed by the word “SUM”. Follow this with a beginning parenthesis
“(“. Then type in the cells that you would like to have added together. In this case,
A2:A33. Then put a closing parenthesis and click Enter.
b) Click on D1 and type in “Mean”. Click on D2 and type in an “=”. Then click on the
sum cell that you found in part a. In the formula bar, divide this number by 32 and
press the Enter key to get the mean test grade.
3. The standard deviation works by comparing each data value to the mean. To create a
formula that will find the standard deviation of test grades:
a) Click on E1 and type in “Differences”.
b) Click on E2 and in the formula bar, type in a “=”. Then type in A2. Then type in a “-
D$2“, which is the value of the mean found in step 2. Click Enter.
c) Repeat for each data value by clicking on the cell you just finished and clicking copy,
and then highlighting 31 cells below it for the remaining test grades and then right
clicking and selecting paste. This will give you a column that shows the difference
from the mean for each data value.
d) The next step involves squaring each of the differences. Click on F1 and type in
“Squared Differences”.
e) Click on F2 and in the formula bar, type in a “=”. Type in E2. Then type in a “^2”.
Then press Enter.
f) Repeat for each data value by clicking on the cell you just finished and clicking copy,
and then highlighting 31 cells below it for the remaining test grades and then right
clicking and selecting paste. This will give you a column that shows the squared
differences.
g) We then need to add up the squares column as done in step 2a using SUM. To do
this, click on G1 and type in “Sum of Squares”. Then click on G2 and type the
formula “=SUM(F2:F33)” into the formula bar.
h) Click on H1 and type in “Sum of Squres/n-1”. Click on H2 and in the formula bar
type “=G2/31” to divide the sum of squares by n-1.
i) Click on I1 and type in “Standard Deviation”. Then click on I2 and type in an
“=SQRT(H2)” to get the standard deviation for the test grades.
j) Print out your worksheet showing your excel work. Make sure the work fits on one
page.
Using the results from the formulas, answer the following questions.
1. Show that the mean and standard deviation found by using the formulas is the same as the
mean and standard deviation found using the Data Analysis Option.
2. Show how you can use the standard deviation calculated above to find the variance.
Be sure to include the following in your lab report:
A. Cover sheet with a summary of the lab you did. It should be one to two paragraphs.
B. Answer all the questions stated above on the answer sheets provided to get full credit.
C. Attach the three worksheets that you were asked to print.
