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Supplemental Material: Annu.Rev.Ecol. Syst. 2005. 36:267-94

doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152636

Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Research: Is it Relevant to Conservation?

Srivastava and Vellend



Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if

study unit type effect positive

effect

Naeem & Li 1997 exp M aquatic: algae NPP: algae Functional groups down

decomposition: bacterial count Functional group and no

species richness

stability: predictability algae Species per functional up

group

stability: invariabilty (spatial) Species per functional up

group

Naeem et al. 1994,1995 exp P ruderal NPP Species up loglinear

decomposition Species idio

respiration Species up exponential

nutrients: retained Species idio

water: retained Species idio

Symstad et al. 1998 (nested) exp P grass NPP Species idio

nutrients: nitrate leaching Species no

Symstad et al. 1998 (random) P grass NPP Species up loglinear

nutrients: nitrate leaching Species no

Naeem et al. 1996 exp Phyto grass NPP Species up loglinear

Garnier et al. 1997 exp Phyto grass NPP Species no

Smith & Allcock 1985 (high n) exp F grass NPP Species up asymptotic

Smith & Allcock 1985 (low n) exp F grass NPP Species hump hump

Biodiversity 1: Tilman et al.1996, Knops exp F grass NPP Species up asymptotic

et al. 1999, Mitchell et al. 2002

nutrients: mineral N Species down loglinear

invasion resistance Species up log-linear

inverse fungal pathogen load Species up log-linear

Biodiversity 2: Tilman et al 1997,Tilman exp F grass NPP Both species and up loglinear

et al. 2001,Tilman et al 2002, Zak et al. functional diversity

2003

nutrients: mineral N in soil Species down loglinear

microbial biomass Species up log-linear

respiration: microbial Species up log-linear

nutrients: N mineralization Species up log-linear

inverse fungal pathogen load Species up log-linear

Hooper & Vitousek 1997, Hooper & exp F grass NPP Functional groups no (1993), linear

Dukes 2004 up

(1998+)



nutrients: soil N Species down loglinear

nutrients: N in microbes Species up idio

nutrients: over season: nitrification: Species no

microbial P

water: soil moisture Species down idio

Spehn et al. 2000 exp F grass NPP Species up loglinear

decomposition: microbial biomass Species up loglinear



decomposition: litter Species no

water: LAI=evapotrans Species up loglinear

Stocker et al. 1999 exp F grass NPP Species up loglinear

water: evapotrans Species no

Niklaus et al. 2001 exp F grass NPP Species up

nutrients: nitrate pool Species down

nutrients: N mineralization Species no

nutrients: nitrification Species up

decomposition: microbial biomass Species idio



Tilman 1990 (see Tilman et al. 1996) obs F grass NPP Species up linear

Troumbis & Memtsas 2000 obs F grass NPP Species up loglinear

BioDEPTH: Silwood Park (Hector et al. exp F grass NPP Species idio

2000 & Hector et al. 1999)

decomp Species up or idio linear or idio



BioDEPTH: Portugal (Caldeira et al. exp F grass NPP Species up log-linear

2001, Hector et al. 1999)

water use effeciency Species more

diverse:

more

efficient

BioDEPTH: Germany (Scherer-Lorenzen exp F grass NPP Species up linear

et al. 2003, Hector et al. 1999)



nitrate leaching Species no

decomposition: litter Species no

BioDEPTH: Greece (Troumbis et al. exp F grass NPP Species no

2000, Hector et al. 1999)

Species

BioDEPTH: Sweden (Mulder et al. 1999, exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Mulder et al. 2002. Hector et al. 1999)

Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if

study unit type effect positive

effect

decompsition Species down

BioDEPTH: Switzerland exp F grass NPP Species up log-linear

BioDEPTH: Sheffield exp F grass NPP Species up quadratic

BioDEPTH: Ireland exp F grass NPP Species idio

Bardgett & Shine 1999 exp M grass decomposition Species up

Wardle & Nicholson 1996 exp P grass decomposition: microbial biomass Species up idio



Wardle et al. 1997 exp F foliar litter decomposition: n release, microbial Species idio

biomass

nutrients: nitrogen loss from leaves Species idio



respiration: litter-substrate Species idio

Scherer-Lorenzen 1999 exp F grass nutrients: N mineralization Species no

F grass decoposition Species up linear

Ewel et al. 1991 obs F grass nutrients: soil nitrate, cation loss Species down

F grass nutrients: ammonium, p, S: N Species no

mineralization: org matter variability



Joshi et al. 2000 exp F grass stability: resistance Functional diversity up linear

Pfisterer & Schmid. 2002 (+drought) exp F grass stability: resistance Species down loglinear

stability: resilience Species down loglinear

Pfisterer & Schmid 2002 (+insect) exp F grass stability: resistance Species up loglinear

Schmid et al. 2002 (+trampling) exp F grass stabilty: resistance Species no

Dodd et al. 1994 nutr F grass stability: invariability Species up

Tilman & Downing 1994 (+drought), nutr F grass stability: resilience Species hump

Tilman 1996

stabilty: resistance Species up loglinear

stabilty: invariability Species up linear

Hurd & Wolf 1974 succ F oldfield stability: resistance Species down

Mellinger & McNaughton 1975 succ F oldfield stability:resistance Species up

Leps et al. 1982 succ F grass stabilty: resistance Species up

stability: resilience Species down

Brown & Ewel 1987 succ F forest stability: invariability Species up

Berish & Ewel 1988 succ F forest stability: resistance Species no

McNaughton 1985 (+grazers) obs F grass stability: resilience Species up

McNaughton 1985 (-plant sp) obs F grass stability: resistance Species no

stability: invariability Species up

McGrady-Steed et al. 1997 exp M aquatic respiration: CO2 flux Species up linear

foodwebs

decomposition Species up log-linear

invasability Species idio

stability: invariabilty (spatial, CO2) Species up linear



Mikola & Setala 1998 exp M forest biomass: nematodes (consumers) Species idio



decomposition: microbial biomass Species idio



decomposition: respiration Species idio

decomposition: C and N Species idio

mineralization

biomass: consumer level 2 Species idio

Laakso & Setala 1999 exp P forest NPP (producer biomass) Species no

Petchey et al. 1999 exp M aquatic biomass, all Species up

microbes

NPP Species down

decomposition Species idio

Species

Species

Wohl et al. 2004 exp M bacterial decomposition Species up log-linear

Foster & Dickson 2004 exp F grass invasibility Species up

NPP Species up

De Deyn et al. 2004 exp F grass nematode abundance Species no

Fox 2004 exp M aquatic NPP Species no

multitrophic

herbivore biovolume Species no

Vinebrooke et al. 2003 obs (acid) F lakes: NPP: phytoplankton Species no

multitrophic

NPP: epilithion Species no

rotifer biomass Species up

cladoceran biomass Species up

copepod biomass Species up

Lawler 1993 exp M aquatic protist total abundance Species no

multitrophic

Norberg 2000 exp M aquatic total biomass cladocerans Species no

cladocerans

rotifer abundance Species no

phytoplankton chl-A Species no

dissolved P Species no

total inorganic N Species up

silica Species no

Naeem et al. 2000 exp P grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear

Naeem et al. 2000 obs F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear

Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if

study unit type effect positive

effect

Stachowicz et al. 1999 exp F marine sessile invasion resistance Species up linear

invertebrates

Sankaran & McNaughton 1999 obs F grass stability: resistance to turnover Species up linear

stability: resistance to Species down linear

compositional change

Hughes & Stachowitz 2004 exp F marine stability: resistance Genetic diversity up linear

macrophyte

stability: resilence Species no

epiphyte load Species no

invertebrate abundance Species mixed

nutrients: porewater ammonium Species mixed

Jonsson & Malmqvist 2000 exp Meso stream insects detrital breakdown Species up linear (but

not after

correcting

for biomass)



Jonsson & Malmqvist 2003 exp Meso stream insects detrital breakdown Species up log-linear

(even after

correcting

for biomass)



Emmerson et al. 2001: Sweden exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species up

invertebrates

stabilty: predictability Species up

Emmerson et al. 2001: Scotland exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species no

invertebrates

Emmerson et al. 2001: Australia exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species no

invertebrates

Emmerson et al. 2001: Scotland obs F intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species up

invertebrates

Knops et al. 2001 exp F foliar litter nutrients: litter N Species down log-linear

decomposition: N loss Species no

decomposition: C loss Species no

Cardinale and Palmer 2002 exp Meso stream insects biofilm respiration Species no

(undisturbed)

primary productivity (algae) Species down linear

Duffy et al. 2001 exp Meso eelgrass-based herbivory (on epiphytes) Species no

food webs

productivity: eelgrass biomass Species no

productivity: herbivores Species no

Kruess & Tscharntke 1994 obs(area F herbivore- parasitism rate Species up linear

manipulat parasitoid web

ed)

Montoya et al. 2003 obs F herbivore- parasitism rate Species up linear

parasitoid web

Kennedy et al. 2002 exp F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear

Dukes 2001 exp P grass invasion resistance (inader Species no

biomass)

invasion resistance (maintenance Species up linear

of native biomass)

Crawley et al. 1999 exp F grass invasion resistance Species down

(unlimed)

Crawley et al. 1999 exp F grass invasion resistance Species idio

(limed)

van Ruijven et al. 2003 exp F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear

NPP Species up log-linear

nutrients: phosphate Species no

nematodes (root-feeding) Species no

Stachowicz et al. 2002 exp F subtidal marine invasion resistance Species up linear

invertebrates

stabilty: invariability Species up

Stachowicz et al. 2002 obs F subtidal marine invasion resistance Species up linear

invertebrates

Vila et al. 2003 (Pinus halapensis obs F forests (natural NPP (wood) Species no (after

forests) or managed) covariates

included)



Vila et al. 2003 (Pinus sylvestris forests) obs F forests (natural NPP (wood) Species no

or managed)

Engelhardt & Ritchie 2001 exp Meso aquatic NPP: algal biomass Species up linear

macrophytes

nutrients: P retention Species up linear

NPP: macrophyte Species no

Bullock et al. 2001 exp F grass NPP: hay yield Species up linear

(agricultural)

Mikola et al. 2002 (richness design) exp P grass NPP Species up log-linear

Mikola et al. 2002 P grass NPP Species up linear

(richness+composition design)

Downing & Leibold 2002 exp Meso aquatic productivity (ecosystem) Species up exponential

foodwebs

decomposition Species no

respiration Species no

biomass: periphyton Species down

Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if

study unit type effect positive

effect

biomass: phytoplankton Species up log-linear

biomass: zooplankton Species down

Cardinale et al. 2002 exp Meso stream insects resource consumption Species up

Feinsinger et al. 1982 obs F hummingbirds- pollination Species up

flowers

Setala & McLean 2004 exp M soil fungi respiration Species up log-linear

biomass: fungi Species up log-linear

nutrients: ammonium production Species up log-linear

van der Heijden et al. 1998 exp mycorrhizal NPP Species no

(european fungi

spp)

van der Heijden et al. 1998 exp NPP (aboveground) Species up log-linear

(North

American

spp)

NPP (belowground) Species up log-linear

nutrients: P uptake into plants Species up log-linear or

linear

Kennedy et al. 2003 obs F grass stabilty: resistance (standing crop) Species down

(+drought

)

stability: invariabilty Species up

Barlocher & Corkum 2003 exp M aquatic fungi decomposition Species up linear

Cardinale et al. 2003 exp F herbivore- NPP (yield of crop) Species up

enemy web

Heemsbergen et al. 2004 exp M soil macrofauna decomposition Species down log-linear

(minor)

respiration Species up log-linear

Finke & Denno 2004 exp Meso herbivore- NPP Species down

enemy web

F herbivore- NPP Species no

enemy web

van Peer et al. 2004 exp Meso grass NPP Species up linear

water use efficiency Species up log-linear

stability: resistance (plant survival) Species down



Ruesink & Srivastava 2001 exp Meso stream insects decomposition Species idio

Griffiths et al. 2000 fumigation Meso soil microbes stability: resistance (copper) Species up

gradient

stability: resilience (heat) Species up

Griffiths et al. 2001 exp Meso soil microbes stability: resistance (copper) Species no

stability: resilience (heat) Species no

Fridley 2002 (high fertility) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Fridley 2002 (med fertility) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Fridley 2002 (low fertility) exp F grass NPP Species no

Fridley 2003 (high fertility, shaded) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Fridley 2003 (high fertility, sun) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Fridley 2003 (low fertility, shaded) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Fridley 2003 (high fertility, sun) exp F grass NPP Species up linear

Levine 2001 exp F tussock plants invasion resistance Species up linear



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