Supplemental Material: Annu.Rev.Ecol. Syst. 2005. 36:267-94
doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152636
Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function Research: Is it Relevant to Conservation?
Srivastava and Vellend
Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if
study unit type effect positive
effect
Naeem & Li 1997 exp M aquatic: algae NPP: algae Functional groups down
decomposition: bacterial count Functional group and no
species richness
stability: predictability algae Species per functional up
group
stability: invariabilty (spatial) Species per functional up
group
Naeem et al. 1994,1995 exp P ruderal NPP Species up loglinear
decomposition Species idio
respiration Species up exponential
nutrients: retained Species idio
water: retained Species idio
Symstad et al. 1998 (nested) exp P grass NPP Species idio
nutrients: nitrate leaching Species no
Symstad et al. 1998 (random) P grass NPP Species up loglinear
nutrients: nitrate leaching Species no
Naeem et al. 1996 exp Phyto grass NPP Species up loglinear
Garnier et al. 1997 exp Phyto grass NPP Species no
Smith & Allcock 1985 (high n) exp F grass NPP Species up asymptotic
Smith & Allcock 1985 (low n) exp F grass NPP Species hump hump
Biodiversity 1: Tilman et al.1996, Knops exp F grass NPP Species up asymptotic
et al. 1999, Mitchell et al. 2002
nutrients: mineral N Species down loglinear
invasion resistance Species up log-linear
inverse fungal pathogen load Species up log-linear
Biodiversity 2: Tilman et al 1997,Tilman exp F grass NPP Both species and up loglinear
et al. 2001,Tilman et al 2002, Zak et al. functional diversity
2003
nutrients: mineral N in soil Species down loglinear
microbial biomass Species up log-linear
respiration: microbial Species up log-linear
nutrients: N mineralization Species up log-linear
inverse fungal pathogen load Species up log-linear
Hooper & Vitousek 1997, Hooper & exp F grass NPP Functional groups no (1993), linear
Dukes 2004 up
(1998+)
nutrients: soil N Species down loglinear
nutrients: N in microbes Species up idio
nutrients: over season: nitrification: Species no
microbial P
water: soil moisture Species down idio
Spehn et al. 2000 exp F grass NPP Species up loglinear
decomposition: microbial biomass Species up loglinear
decomposition: litter Species no
water: LAI=evapotrans Species up loglinear
Stocker et al. 1999 exp F grass NPP Species up loglinear
water: evapotrans Species no
Niklaus et al. 2001 exp F grass NPP Species up
nutrients: nitrate pool Species down
nutrients: N mineralization Species no
nutrients: nitrification Species up
decomposition: microbial biomass Species idio
Tilman 1990 (see Tilman et al. 1996) obs F grass NPP Species up linear
Troumbis & Memtsas 2000 obs F grass NPP Species up loglinear
BioDEPTH: Silwood Park (Hector et al. exp F grass NPP Species idio
2000 & Hector et al. 1999)
decomp Species up or idio linear or idio
BioDEPTH: Portugal (Caldeira et al. exp F grass NPP Species up log-linear
2001, Hector et al. 1999)
water use effeciency Species more
diverse:
more
efficient
BioDEPTH: Germany (Scherer-Lorenzen exp F grass NPP Species up linear
et al. 2003, Hector et al. 1999)
nitrate leaching Species no
decomposition: litter Species no
BioDEPTH: Greece (Troumbis et al. exp F grass NPP Species no
2000, Hector et al. 1999)
Species
BioDEPTH: Sweden (Mulder et al. 1999, exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Mulder et al. 2002. Hector et al. 1999)
Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if
study unit type effect positive
effect
decompsition Species down
BioDEPTH: Switzerland exp F grass NPP Species up log-linear
BioDEPTH: Sheffield exp F grass NPP Species up quadratic
BioDEPTH: Ireland exp F grass NPP Species idio
Bardgett & Shine 1999 exp M grass decomposition Species up
Wardle & Nicholson 1996 exp P grass decomposition: microbial biomass Species up idio
Wardle et al. 1997 exp F foliar litter decomposition: n release, microbial Species idio
biomass
nutrients: nitrogen loss from leaves Species idio
respiration: litter-substrate Species idio
Scherer-Lorenzen 1999 exp F grass nutrients: N mineralization Species no
F grass decoposition Species up linear
Ewel et al. 1991 obs F grass nutrients: soil nitrate, cation loss Species down
F grass nutrients: ammonium, p, S: N Species no
mineralization: org matter variability
Joshi et al. 2000 exp F grass stability: resistance Functional diversity up linear
Pfisterer & Schmid. 2002 (+drought) exp F grass stability: resistance Species down loglinear
stability: resilience Species down loglinear
Pfisterer & Schmid 2002 (+insect) exp F grass stability: resistance Species up loglinear
Schmid et al. 2002 (+trampling) exp F grass stabilty: resistance Species no
Dodd et al. 1994 nutr F grass stability: invariability Species up
Tilman & Downing 1994 (+drought), nutr F grass stability: resilience Species hump
Tilman 1996
stabilty: resistance Species up loglinear
stabilty: invariability Species up linear
Hurd & Wolf 1974 succ F oldfield stability: resistance Species down
Mellinger & McNaughton 1975 succ F oldfield stability:resistance Species up
Leps et al. 1982 succ F grass stabilty: resistance Species up
stability: resilience Species down
Brown & Ewel 1987 succ F forest stability: invariability Species up
Berish & Ewel 1988 succ F forest stability: resistance Species no
McNaughton 1985 (+grazers) obs F grass stability: resilience Species up
McNaughton 1985 (-plant sp) obs F grass stability: resistance Species no
stability: invariability Species up
McGrady-Steed et al. 1997 exp M aquatic respiration: CO2 flux Species up linear
foodwebs
decomposition Species up log-linear
invasability Species idio
stability: invariabilty (spatial, CO2) Species up linear
Mikola & Setala 1998 exp M forest biomass: nematodes (consumers) Species idio
decomposition: microbial biomass Species idio
decomposition: respiration Species idio
decomposition: C and N Species idio
mineralization
biomass: consumer level 2 Species idio
Laakso & Setala 1999 exp P forest NPP (producer biomass) Species no
Petchey et al. 1999 exp M aquatic biomass, all Species up
microbes
NPP Species down
decomposition Species idio
Species
Species
Wohl et al. 2004 exp M bacterial decomposition Species up log-linear
Foster & Dickson 2004 exp F grass invasibility Species up
NPP Species up
De Deyn et al. 2004 exp F grass nematode abundance Species no
Fox 2004 exp M aquatic NPP Species no
multitrophic
herbivore biovolume Species no
Vinebrooke et al. 2003 obs (acid) F lakes: NPP: phytoplankton Species no
multitrophic
NPP: epilithion Species no
rotifer biomass Species up
cladoceran biomass Species up
copepod biomass Species up
Lawler 1993 exp M aquatic protist total abundance Species no
multitrophic
Norberg 2000 exp M aquatic total biomass cladocerans Species no
cladocerans
rotifer abundance Species no
phytoplankton chl-A Species no
dissolved P Species no
total inorganic N Species up
silica Species no
Naeem et al. 2000 exp P grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear
Naeem et al. 2000 obs F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear
Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if
study unit type effect positive
effect
Stachowicz et al. 1999 exp F marine sessile invasion resistance Species up linear
invertebrates
Sankaran & McNaughton 1999 obs F grass stability: resistance to turnover Species up linear
stability: resistance to Species down linear
compositional change
Hughes & Stachowitz 2004 exp F marine stability: resistance Genetic diversity up linear
macrophyte
stability: resilence Species no
epiphyte load Species no
invertebrate abundance Species mixed
nutrients: porewater ammonium Species mixed
Jonsson & Malmqvist 2000 exp Meso stream insects detrital breakdown Species up linear (but
not after
correcting
for biomass)
Jonsson & Malmqvist 2003 exp Meso stream insects detrital breakdown Species up log-linear
(even after
correcting
for biomass)
Emmerson et al. 2001: Sweden exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species up
invertebrates
stabilty: predictability Species up
Emmerson et al. 2001: Scotland exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species no
invertebrates
Emmerson et al. 2001: Australia exp Meso intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species no
invertebrates
Emmerson et al. 2001: Scotland obs F intertidal nutrients: ammonium production Species up
invertebrates
Knops et al. 2001 exp F foliar litter nutrients: litter N Species down log-linear
decomposition: N loss Species no
decomposition: C loss Species no
Cardinale and Palmer 2002 exp Meso stream insects biofilm respiration Species no
(undisturbed)
primary productivity (algae) Species down linear
Duffy et al. 2001 exp Meso eelgrass-based herbivory (on epiphytes) Species no
food webs
productivity: eelgrass biomass Species no
productivity: herbivores Species no
Kruess & Tscharntke 1994 obs(area F herbivore- parasitism rate Species up linear
manipulat parasitoid web
ed)
Montoya et al. 2003 obs F herbivore- parasitism rate Species up linear
parasitoid web
Kennedy et al. 2002 exp F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear
Dukes 2001 exp P grass invasion resistance (inader Species no
biomass)
invasion resistance (maintenance Species up linear
of native biomass)
Crawley et al. 1999 exp F grass invasion resistance Species down
(unlimed)
Crawley et al. 1999 exp F grass invasion resistance Species idio
(limed)
van Ruijven et al. 2003 exp F grass invasion resistance Species up log-linear
NPP Species up log-linear
nutrients: phosphate Species no
nematodes (root-feeding) Species no
Stachowicz et al. 2002 exp F subtidal marine invasion resistance Species up linear
invertebrates
stabilty: invariability Species up
Stachowicz et al. 2002 obs F subtidal marine invasion resistance Species up linear
invertebrates
Vila et al. 2003 (Pinus halapensis obs F forests (natural NPP (wood) Species no (after
forests) or managed) covariates
included)
Vila et al. 2003 (Pinus sylvestris forests) obs F forests (natural NPP (wood) Species no
or managed)
Engelhardt & Ritchie 2001 exp Meso aquatic NPP: algal biomass Species up linear
macrophytes
nutrients: P retention Species up linear
NPP: macrophyte Species no
Bullock et al. 2001 exp F grass NPP: hay yield Species up linear
(agricultural)
Mikola et al. 2002 (richness design) exp P grass NPP Species up log-linear
Mikola et al. 2002 P grass NPP Species up linear
(richness+composition design)
Downing & Leibold 2002 exp Meso aquatic productivity (ecosystem) Species up exponential
foodwebs
decomposition Species no
respiration Species no
biomass: periphyton Species down
Study Type of Experimental Ecosystem Ecosystem function Level of diversity Diversity Shape if
study unit type effect positive
effect
biomass: phytoplankton Species up log-linear
biomass: zooplankton Species down
Cardinale et al. 2002 exp Meso stream insects resource consumption Species up
Feinsinger et al. 1982 obs F hummingbirds- pollination Species up
flowers
Setala & McLean 2004 exp M soil fungi respiration Species up log-linear
biomass: fungi Species up log-linear
nutrients: ammonium production Species up log-linear
van der Heijden et al. 1998 exp mycorrhizal NPP Species no
(european fungi
spp)
van der Heijden et al. 1998 exp NPP (aboveground) Species up log-linear
(North
American
spp)
NPP (belowground) Species up log-linear
nutrients: P uptake into plants Species up log-linear or
linear
Kennedy et al. 2003 obs F grass stabilty: resistance (standing crop) Species down
(+drought
)
stability: invariabilty Species up
Barlocher & Corkum 2003 exp M aquatic fungi decomposition Species up linear
Cardinale et al. 2003 exp F herbivore- NPP (yield of crop) Species up
enemy web
Heemsbergen et al. 2004 exp M soil macrofauna decomposition Species down log-linear
(minor)
respiration Species up log-linear
Finke & Denno 2004 exp Meso herbivore- NPP Species down
enemy web
F herbivore- NPP Species no
enemy web
van Peer et al. 2004 exp Meso grass NPP Species up linear
water use efficiency Species up log-linear
stability: resistance (plant survival) Species down
Ruesink & Srivastava 2001 exp Meso stream insects decomposition Species idio
Griffiths et al. 2000 fumigation Meso soil microbes stability: resistance (copper) Species up
gradient
stability: resilience (heat) Species up
Griffiths et al. 2001 exp Meso soil microbes stability: resistance (copper) Species no
stability: resilience (heat) Species no
Fridley 2002 (high fertility) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Fridley 2002 (med fertility) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Fridley 2002 (low fertility) exp F grass NPP Species no
Fridley 2003 (high fertility, shaded) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Fridley 2003 (high fertility, sun) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Fridley 2003 (low fertility, shaded) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Fridley 2003 (high fertility, sun) exp F grass NPP Species up linear
Levine 2001 exp F tussock plants invasion resistance Species up linear