Definitions Controlled Vocabularies and Formats Appendices

Metadata for ED Web – Definitions, Controlled Vocabularies and Formats DRAFT – 06/25/2001 Page:A- 1







Attachment A: Draft ED Web Content Metadata Specification Form



See www.ed.gov/internal/EDWebMetadata/metadataform.html









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Attachment B: Authority and Source Detail

for “Subject” Element



See separate file PrefSubjList.doc (109 pages, title ―ED Web Metadata: User Vocabulary and Other

Authority Terms Mapped to Controlled ―Subject‖ Vocabulary‖).









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Attachment C: Authority and Source Detail

for “Level of Education” Element



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Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors (12 Edition – 1990 and current online working version at ERIC

Processing and Reference Facility) – Educational Level and Age Level Terms

The Thesaurus is the master list of ERIC's more than 10,000 subject headings used in indexing and

searching the ERIC database. The Thesaurus includes complete cross-reference structures and rotated

and hierarchical displays. The Thesaurus content is the result of 30 years of work and refinement by the

ERIC system. The Thesaurus was cited by the American National Standards Institute as an exemplary

model in its 1993 explication of the Z39.19 Standard (Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and

Management of Monolingual Thesauri).



 Educational Level

 Early Childhood Education (activities and/or experiences that are intended to effect

developmental changes in children, from birth through the primary units of elementary school

[grades K-3])

 Preschool Education (activities and/or experiences that are intended to effect developmental

changes in children, from birth to entrance in kindergarten [or grade 1 when kindergarten is

not attended])

 Primary Education (education provided in kindergarten through grade 3)

 Elementary Secondary Education (formal education provided in kindergarten or grade 1 through

grade 12)

 Elementary Education (education provided in kindergarten or grade 1 through grade 6, 7, or

8)

 Adult Basic Education (education provided for adults at the elementary level (through

grade 8), usually with emphasis on communicative, computational, and social skills)

 Primary Education (see above)

 Intermediate Grades (includes the middle and/or upper elementary grades, but usually 4,

5, and 6)

 Secondary Education (education provided in grade 7, 8, or 9 through grade 12)

 Junior High Schools (providing formal education in grades 7, 8, and 9—less commonly 7

and 8, or 8 and 9)

 High Schools (providing formal education in grades 9 or 10 through 12)

 High School Equivalency Programs (adult educational activities concerned with the

preparation for and the taking of tests which lead to a high school equivalency certificate,

e.g., General Educational Development program)

 Postsecondary Education (all education beyond the secondary level—includes learning activities

and experiences beyond the compulsory school attendance age, with the exception of adult basic

education and high school equivalency programs)

 Higher Education (all education beyond the secondary level leading to a formal degree)

 Two Year Colleges (public or private postsecondary institutions providing at least 2, but less

than 4, years of academic and/or occupational education)



 Prekindergarten (use Preschool Education)

 Fundamental Education (Adults) (use Adult Basic Education)

 Senior High Schools (use High Schools)

 Comprehensive High School (use High Schools)

 Precollege Level (use High Schools)

 GED Programs (use High School Equivalency Programs)

 General Educational Development Programs (use High School Equivalency Programs)

 Grade 13 (use Postsecondary Education)

 Grade 14 (use Postsecondary Education)

 Post High School Education (use Postsecondary Education)





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 Tertiary Education (use Postsecondary Education)

 Advanced Education (use Higher Education)

 Junior Colleges (use Two Year Colleges)



 See also ―Instructional Program Divisions‖ & ―Postsecondary Education‖ & their narrower & related

terms



 Age Level

 Neonates (aged birth to approximately 1 month)

 Newborn Infants (use Neonates)

 Infants (aged birth to approximately 24 months)

 Young Children (aged birth through approximately 8 years)

 Early Childhood (use Young Children)

 Children (aged birth through approximately 12 years)

 Toddlers (approximately 1-3 years of age)

 Preschool Children (approximately 2-5 years of age)

 Preadolescents (approximately 9-12 years of age)

 Adolescents (approximately 13-17 years of age)

 Early Adolescents (Age group between, and overlapping with, "preadolescents" and

"adolescents" -- approximately 11-15 years of age)

 Late Adolescents (Age group between, and overlapping with, "adolescents" and "young adults" --

approximately 16-23 years of age)

 Teenagers (use Adolescents)

 Young Adults (approximately 18-30 years of age)

 Adults (approximately 18+ years of age)

 Adults (30 to 45) (age group between ‗young adults‘ and ‗middle aged adults‘—approximately 30-

45)

 Middle Aged Adults (approximately 45-64 years of age)

 Midlife (use Middle Aged Adults)

 Young Old Adults (approximately 65-75 years of age)

 Older Adults (approximately 65+ years of age)

 Aged (use Older Adults)

 Elderly (use Older Adults)

 Old Age (use Older Adults)

 Senior Citizens (use Older Adults)

 Old Old Adults (approximately 75+ years of age)





GEM -- Grade Element



The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) is a consortium effort to catalog thousands of educational

materials across hundreds of web sites. The GEM Grade element defines the ―Grade, grade span,

educational level, or age of the entity‘s audience.‖



 Grade:

 Kindergarten,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

 Educational Level:

 All

 Not specified

 Adult/continuing education

 Community College

 Higher education

 Preschool education

 Vocational education





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National Center for Education Statistics



Structure of Education in the United States (Figure 1 in Digest of Education Statistics, 1999)

(see figure at end of this document)



National Public School Locator – Grade Span



The Common Core of Data (CCD) is the Department of Education's primary database on public

elementary and secondary education in the United States. CCD is a comprehensive, annual, national

statistical database of all public elementary and secondary schools and school districts, which

contains data that are designed to be comparable across all states.



 Pre-kindergarten

 Kindergarten

 Un-graded

 Not Reported

 Grade 1, Grade 2, … Grade 12



College Opportunities On-Line – Type of Institution



IPEDS College Opportunities On-Line is your direct link to over 9,000 colleges and universities in the

United States. Data is derived from NCES' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS).



 less-than-2-year (Less than 2-year institutions offer training and award certificates of completion)

 2-year (2-year institutions offer associates degrees)

 4-year or above (4-year institutions offer bachelor‘s degrees and some offer advanced degrees)

Note: Categories mix in another facet: public/private.





Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics & Science Education Resource Finder –

Grades Element



The Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics and Science Education (ENC) is funded

through a contract with the U. S. Department of Education to provide K-12 teachers with a central source

of information on mathematics and science curriculum materials. The ENC Resource Finder catalogs

thousands of K-12 math and science curriculum resources. The Grades element describes the target

grade(s) for each resource.



Pre-K, K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12+





Guide to ED Programs – View by Education Level



In order to carry out its mandate, the U.S. Department of Education administers about 175 programs. The

Guide to ED Programs provides a concise description of each program, identifies who may apply, and

gives the name and telephone number of the Department office to contact for more information. The

Level of Education element identifies the level of education of the target audience of eligible applicants for

each grant program.



 6-12

 Adult

 Basic and Secondary Education for Parents and Their Children through Age 7







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 Children from birth through 8 years who meet the definitions as a migratory child and their parents

who meet the definitions of a migratory agricultural worker or migratory fisher in 34 CFR 200.40

 Early Childhood

 Grades 7-12

 Graduate

 Graduate Vocational

 K-12

 K-Adult

 Middle Schools

 Out-of-School Youth

 Postsecondary

 Pre-K

 Prenatal-Kindergarten

 Preschool

 Preschool through Postsecondary

 Preschool to 12

 Secondary

 Secondary (8-12)

 Undergraduate

 Vocational

 (Not Categorized)





UNESCO Thesaurus: 1.30 Educational Systems and Levels



The UNESCO Thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary developed by the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organisation which includes subject terms for the following areas of knowledge:

education; science; culture; social and human sciences; information and communication; and politics, law

and economics. It also includes the names of countries and groupings of countries (political, economic,

geographic, ethnic and religious, and linguistic groupings).



 Educational levels

Scope Note: Broad steps of formal educational progressions from elementary to more complicated

experience. Used as a classification in educational organization and statistics.

 Higher education

Scope Note: Stage following secondary education, regardless of course duration or certificate

awarded.

UseFor: Postsecondary education, Tertiary education, Third stage education, University

education

 Preschool education

Scope Note: Education in nursery schools or kindergarten up to the age of five.

 Child rearing

Scope Note: Care of children by parents, guardians, or other primary caretakers.

UseFor: Upbringing

 Early childhood education

UseFor: Infant education

 Preprimary education

Scope Note: Education of children of five and over just before entering primary education.

UF Kindergarten

 Primary education

Scope Note: From age five to eleven.

UseFor: Elementary education

 Secondary education

 Lower secondary education







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UseFor: Intermediate education

 Upper secondary education

UseFor: Sixth forms



 Educational Systems

Scope Note: Arrangement into an organic whole of the interdependent institutions and programmes

providing formal and nonformal education. (IBE uses: educational organization)

UseFor: National educational systems

 Adult education

Scope Note: The offering of learning opportunities in professional and vocational development,

personal development, and social development to adults.

UseFor: Polyvalent adult education

 Consumer education

Scope Note: Study of intelligent and effective methods of buying and using goods and

services.

 Parent education

 Workers education

Scope Note: The education of union members to improve their bargaining skills. Do not

confuse with "adult education".

 Mass education

Scope Note: A large-scale undertaking aimed at disseminating information to or influence the

opinion of the general public; may also be used in relation to the propagation of popular culture.

 Private education

UseFor: Fee paying schools, Independent schools, Private schools

 Public education

UseFor: Public schools, State education, State schools

 Traditional education

Scope Note: That provided by societies before or alongside the introduction of a formal

educational system.

 Islamic education

 Womens education

 Girls education



 Basic Education

Scope Note: A broader concept than primary schooling, comprising early child education, adult

literacy programmes, and a range of nonformal activities for children, young people and adults.

UF Fundamental education





Condition of Education, 1999





International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) levels: The International Standard

Classification of Education (ISCED) was designed as an instrument for presenting statistics on

education internationally. Many countries report education statistics to UNESCO and the Organisation

for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) using the ISCED. In this classification system,

education is divided into several levels. The levels that follow are presented in The Condition of

Education.

Education preceding the first level (early childhood education) where it is provided, usually

begins at age 3, 4, or 5 (sometimes earlier) and lasts from 1-3 years. For the United States,

this would be mostly nursery schools and kindergarten classes.



Education at the first level (primary education) usually begins at age 5, 6, or 7 and lasts for

about 5 or 6 years. For the United States, the first level starts with grade 1 and ends with

grade 6.





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Education at the second level (lower secondary education) begins at about age 11 or 12 and

lasts for about 3 years. For the United States, the second level starts with grade 7 and ends

with grade 9.



Education at the third level (upper secondary education) begins at about age 14 or 15 and

lasts for approximately 3 years. For the United States, the third level starts with grade 10 and

ends with grade 12.



Education at the fifth level (nonuniversity higher education) is provided at community

colleges, vocational-technical colleges, and other degree-granting institutions in which

programs typically take 2 years or more, but less than 4 years to complete.



Education at the sixth level (university higher education) is provided in undergraduate

programs at 4-year colleges and universities in the United States and, generally, at

universities in other countries. Completing education at the third level (upper secondary

education) is usually required as a minimum condition for admission. Admission is

competitive in most cases.



Education at the seventh level (graduate and professional higher education) is provided in

graduate and professional schools that generally require a university diploma as a minimum

condition for admission.



Education at the ninth level (undistributed) is a classification reserved for enrollments,

expenditures, or programs that cannot be unambiguously assigned to one of the

aforementioned levels. Some countries, for example, assign nongraded special education or

recreational nondegree adult education programs to this level. Other countries assign nothing

to this level, preferring instead to allocate enrollments, expenditures, and programs to levels

as best they can.





Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata (IEEE P1484.12/D4.0)



Sponsored by the Learning Technology Standardization Committee of the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), the draft IEEE 1484.12 standard specifies the syntax and semantics of

learning object metadata, defined as the attributes required to fully and adequately describe a learning

object. A learning object is defined here as any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used or

referenced during technology-supported learning. Examples of technology-supported learning

applications include computer-based training systems, interactive learning environments, intelligent

computer-aided instruction systems, distance learning systems, web-based learning systems and

collaborative learning environments.



Context element

The principal environment within which the learning and use of this resource is intended to take place.

Open vocabulary with best practice:

 3=Primary Education

 4=Secondary Education

 5=Higher Education

 6=University First Cycle

 7=University Second Cycle

 8=University Postgrade

 9=Technical School First Cycle

 10=Technical School Second Cycle

 11=Professional Formation

 12=Continuous Formation

 13=Vocational Training







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Typical Age Range element

Age of the typical intended user.



This element shall refer to developmental age, if that would be different from chronological age.



NOTE:--The age of the learner is important for finding resources, especially for school age learners and

their teachers.



When applicable, the string should be formatted as minage-maxage or minage-. (NOTE:--This is a

compromise between adding three subfields (minAge, maxAge and description) and having just a free

text field.)



NOTE:--Various reading age schemes, IQ's or developmental age measures should be represented

through the 9:Classification category



Reading Pathfinder – Age/Education Level Element



The Reading Pathfinder database catalogs approximately 2,000 early childhood literacy resources.



 Infants/Toddlers (birth-2)

 Preschoolers (3-4)

 Kindergartners (5)

 Primary Students (6-8)



Note: numbers in parentheses indicate age.



Literacy Information aNd Communication System (LINCS) – Skill Level Element

LINCS - the Literacy Information aNd Communication System -- provides a single focal point for adult

literacy resources, knowledge, and expertise from across the nation and the world. LINCS is a service of

the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL).



 None

 Adult – Advanced

 Adult – Beginner

 Adult – Intermediate

 Early Childhood (Birth – Pre-K)

 Primary (K-3)

 Elementary (4-6)

 Middle (6-8)

 Secondary (9-12)

 All Levels

 Not Applicable



Note: numbers in parentheses indicate grade level.



Directory of Resources for Foreign Language Programs – Grade Level Element



The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education (NCBE) and the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages

and Linguistics (ERIC/CLL) maintain a directory of national associations, professional organizations, state

foreign language offices, funders, publishers of language learning materials, centers, clearinghouses,

instructional materials Web sites, online publications, databases, regional conferences, and listservs.

Each entry provides a description of the resource and information about the target audience, the level

(preK-16) served, and the products and services available, as well as links to additional information.









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 Pre-K

 K-5

 6-8

 9-12

 13-16



Education Network Australia (EDNA) -- EDNA.Userlevel Element (pre-10/00 version)



EdNA is an Australian network of education services. The EdNA website is organized around Australian

curriculum, its tools are free to Australian educators and it is funded by the bodies responsible for

education provision in Australia – all Australian governments.



 preschool

 primary

 lower primary

 middle primary

 upper primary

 secondary

 lower secondary

 upper secondary

 teacher

 student

 VET (Vocational Education & Training)

 university



Education Network Australia (EDNA) – EDNA.Audience Element



EdNA is an Australian network of education services. The EdNA website is organized around Australian

curriculum, its tools are free to Australian educators and it is funded by the bodies responsible for

education provision in Australia – all Australian governments.



 edna-sector scheme values

 preschool

 school

 vocational education and training (VET)

 higher education

 adult and community education (ACE)

 edna-userlevel scheme values

 0-13 – represent the years of schooling, with 0 being the year before Year 1 where a preparatory

year is part of primary schooling

 Australian Qualifications Framework:

 1 – Senior Secondary Certificate of Education

 2 – Certificate I

 3 – Certificate II

 4 – Certificate III

 5 – Certificate IV

 6 – Diploma

 7 – Advanced Diploma

 8 – Bachelor Degree

 9 – Graduate Certificate

 10 – Graduate Diploma

 11 – Masters Degree

 12 – Doctoral Degree





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Digest of Education Statistics, 1999









Statistical Abstract of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, 2000 edition

Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, page 6

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Attachment D: Authority and Source Detail

for “Audience” Element



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Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors (12 Edition – 1990 and current online working version at ERIC

Processing and Reference Facility) – Educational Level and Age Level Terms

The Thesaurus is the master list of ERIC's more than 10,000 subject headings used in indexing and

searching the ERIC database. The Thesaurus includes complete cross-reference structures and rotated

and hierarchical displays. The Thesaurus content is the result of 30 years of work and refinement by the

ERIC system. The Thesaurus was cited by the American National Standards Institute as an exemplary

model in its 1993 explication of the Z39.19 Standard (Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and

Management of Monolingual Thesauri).



ERIC Target Audience





 Policymakers

 Researchers

 Practitioners

 Administrators

 Teachers

 Counselors

 Media Staff

 Support Staff

 Students

 Parents

 Community



Other ERIC Audience-related Terms

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Note: The following vocabularies for ―Groups‖ and ―Disabilities‖ were taken from the 12 (1990) Edition of

the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors and need to be reviewed to incorporate subsequent descriptor

additions, changes, and deletions.?



 Groups

 Advantaged

 Age Groups

 Adolescents

 Adults

 Adult Children

 Adult Dropouts

 Adults (30 to 45)

 Adult Students

 Middle Aged Adults

 Older Adults

 Frail Elderly

 Old Old Adults

 Young Old Adults

 Young Adults

 Children

 Adopted Children

 Foster Children

 Grandchildren







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 Hospitalized Children

 Latchkey Children

 Migrant Children

 Minority Group Children

 Missing Children

 Preadolescents

 Problem Children

 Transient Children

 Young Children

 Infants

 Neonates

 Premature Infants

 Kindergarten Children

 Preschool Children

 Toddlers

 Alumni

 Graduates

 College Graduates

 Foreign Medical Graduates

 High School Graduates

 Arabs

 Artists

 Musicians

 Athletes

 At Risk Persons

 High Risk Students

 Audiences

 Authors

 Poets

 Baby Boomers

 Blacks

 Black Mothers

 Black Students

 Black Teachers

 Black Youth

 Board Candidates

 Caregivers

 Attendants

 Child Caregivers

 Family Caregivers

 Change Agents

 Extension Agents

 Linking Agents

 Classes (Groups of Students)

 Multigraded Classes

 Multilevel Classes (Second Language Instruction)

 Nonauthoritarian Classes

 Small Classes

 Special Classes

 Clubs

 Science Clubs

 Youth Clubs

 College Applicants





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 Community Leaders

 Control Groups

 Criminals

 Dependents

 Disadvantaged

 Disadvantaged Youth

 Economically Disadvantaged

 Educationally Disadvantaged

 Gifted Disadvantaged

 Discussion Groups

 Listening Groups

 Donors

 Dropouts

 Adult Dropouts

 Employers

 Eskimos

 Ethnic Groups

 Alaska Natives

 American Indians

 Nonreservation American Indians

 Rural American Indians

 Urban American Indians

 Reservation American Indians

 Anglo Americans

 Canada Natives

 Chinese Americans

 Filipino Americans

 French Canadians

 Greek Americans

 Hawaiians

 Hmong People

 Italian Americans

 Japanese Americans

 Korean Americans

 Mexican Americans

 Polish Americans

 Portuguese Americans

 Samoan Americans

 Spanish Americans

 Exceptional Persons

 Gifted

 Academically Gifted

 Gifted Disabled

 Gifted Disadvantaged

 Experimental Groups

 Family (Sociological Unit)

 Black Family

 Dual Career Family

 Extended Family

 Foster Family

 Nuclear Family

 One Parent Family

 Fatherless Family





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 Motherless Family

 Rural Family

 Stepfamily

 Females

 Battered Women

 Daughters

 Displaced Homemakers

 Employed Women

 Women Administrators

 Women Faculty

 Mothers

 Black Mothers

 Unwed Mothers

 Nuns

 Pregnant Students

 Financial Aid Applicants

 Heads of Households

 Homeless People

 Homemakers

 Homeowners

 Indians

 Indigenous Populations

 Indochinese

 Cambodians

 Laotians

 Vietnamese People

 Institutionalized Persons

 Prisoners

 Job Applicants

 Judges

 Court Judges

 Juries

 Juvenile Gangs

 Labor Force Nonparticipants

 Landlords

 Latin Americans

 Cubans

 Dominicans

 Haitians

 Mexicans

 Braceros

 Puerto Ricans

 Lay People

 Lay Teachers

 Leaders

 Community Leaders

 Youth Leaders

 Left Handed Writer

 Limited English Speaking

 Low Income Groups

 Males

 Fathers

 Sons





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 Matched Groups

 Migrants

 Immigrants

 Undocumented Immigrants

 Migrant Children

 Migrant Workers

 Migrant Youth

 Nomads

 Refugees

 Transient Children

 Minority Groups

 Native Speakers

 Spanish Speaking

 Non English Speaking

 North Americans

 Alaska Natives

 Anglo Americans

 Asian Americans

 Chinese Americans

 Filipino Americans

 Japanese Americans

 Korean Americans

 Canada Natives

 French Canadians

 Greek Americans

 Hispanic Americans

 Mexican Americans

 Portuguese Americans

 Spanish Americans

 Italian Americans

 Pacific Americans

 Hawaiians

 Samoan Americans

 Polish Americans

 No Shows

 Organizations (Groups)

 Agencies

 Accrediting Agencies

 Private Agencies

 Public Agencies

 Planning Commissions

 State Agencies

 State Departments of Education

 State Licensing Boards

 Social Agencies

 Welfare Agencies

 Urban Renewal Agencies

 Voluntary Agencies

 Youth Agencies

 Alumni Associations

 Bibliographic Utilities

 Black Organizations

 Blue Ribbon Commissions





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 College Governing Councils

 Community Organizations

 Citizens Councils

 Consortia

 Cooperatives

 Database Producers

 Faculty Organizations

 Fraternities

 Governing Boards

 Boards of Education

 State Boards of Education

 Government (Administrative Body)

 Federal Government

 Local Government

 City Government

 State Government

 Student Government

 Honor Societies

 International Organizations

 Military Organizations

 Armed Forces

 National Organizations

 Nonprofit Organizations

 Online Vendors

 Parent Associations

 Political Parties

 Professional Associations

 Library Associations

 Medical Associations

 Teacher Associations

 Religious Organizations

 Research Coordinating Units

 School Districts

 County School Districts

 Multicampus Districts

 Segregationist Organizations

 Social Organizations

 Sororities

 Student Organizations

 Student Government

 Student Unions

 Unions

 Parents

 Biological Parents

 Employed Parents

 Fathers

 Grandparents

 Lower Class Parents

 Middle Class Parents

 Mothers

 Black Mothers

 Unwed Mothers

 Parents as Teachers





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 Patients

 Hospitalized Children

 Peer Groups

 Personnel

 Administrators

 Admissions Officers

 Assistant Principals

 Coordinators

 Audiovisual Coordinators

 Instructor Coordinators

 Deans

 Academic Deans

 Deans of Students

 Department Heads

 Medical Record Administrators

 Personnel Directors

 Presidents

 College Presidents

 Presidents of the United States

 Principals

 Registrars (School)

 Research Directors

 School Business Officials

 Student Financial Aid Officers

 Superintendents

 Supervisors

 Crew Leaders

 State Supervisors

 Student Teacher Supervisors

 Trustees

 Vocational Directors

 Women Administrators

 Agricultural Personnel

 Agricultural Laborers

 Migrant Workers

 Seasonal Laborers

 Agricultural Technicians

 Farmers

 Dairy Farmers

 Part Time Farmers

 Sharecroppers

 Aircraft Pilots

 Caseworkers

 Parole Officers

 Probation Officers

 Social Workers

 School Social Workers

 Church Workers

 Clergy

 Priests

 Consultants

 Medical Consultants

 Reading Consultants





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 Science Consultants

 Designers

 Differentiated Staffs

 Dislocated Workers

 Editors

 Employees

 Entry Workers

 Equipment Manufacturers

 Evaluators

 Foreign Workers

 Braceros

 Government Employees

 Extension Agents

 Food and Drug Inspectors

 Foreign Diplomats

 Immigration Inspectors

 Military Personnel

 Enlisted Personnel

 Officer Personnel

 Police

 Public Officials

 City Officials

 County Officials

 Court Judges

 Legislators

 State Officials

 State Supervisors

 Public School Teachers

 Guidance Personnel

 Counselors

 Adjustment Counselors

 Employment Counselors

 School Counselors

 Health Personnel

 Allied Health Personnel

 Dental Assistants

 Dental Hygienists

 Dental Technicians

 Dietitians

 Emergency Medical Technicians

 Environmental Technicians

 Home Health Aides

 Medical Assistants

 Medical Laboratory Assistants

 Medical Record Administrators

 Medical Record Technicians

 Medical Technologists

 Nurses Aides

 Occupational Therapy Assistants

 Optometrists

 Physical Therapy Aides

 Physicians Assistants

 Psychiatric Aides





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 Radiologic Technologists

 Surgical Technicians

 Therapists

 Occupational Therapists

 Physical Therapists

 Veterinary Assistants

 Dentists

 Hospital Personnel

 Medical Consultants

 Mental Health Workers

 Psychiatric Aides

 Psychiatrists

 School Psychologists

 Nurses

 Nurse Practitioners

 School Nurses

 Pharmacists

 Physicians

 Foreign Medical Graduates

 Psychiatrists

 Psychologists

 School Psychologists

 Veterinarians

 Indigenous Personnel

 Industrial Personnel

 Institutional Personnel

 Interpreters

 Library Personnel

 Librarians

 Library Technicians

 Medical Record Technicians

 Merchants

 Nonprofessional Personnel

 Clerical Workers

 Court Reporters

 Examiners

 File Clerks

 Receptionists

 Secretaries

 School Secretaries

 Sales Workers

 Auto Parts Clerks

 Semiskilled Workers

 Animal Caretakers

 Boat Operators

 Grounds Keepers

 Nursery Workers (Horticulture)

 Sewing Machine Operators

 Service Workers

 Attendants

 Barbers

 Cooks

 Emergency Squad Personnel





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 Emergency Medical Technicians

 Fire Fighters

 Household Workers

 Home Health Aides

 Housekeepers

 Housing Management Aides

 Waiters and Waitresses

 Skilled Workers

 Auto Body Repairers

 Craft Workers

 Electricians

 Floor Layers

 Glaziers

 Locomotive Engineers

 Machinists

 Machine Repairers

 Machine Tool Operators

 Tool and Die Makers

 Sign Painters

 Television Radio Repairers

 Watchmakers

 Unskilled Workers

 Laborers

 Agricultural Laborers

 Migrant Workers

 Seasonal Workers

 Auxiliary Laborers

 Ombudsmen

 Paraprofessional Personnel

 Agricultural Technicians

 Chemical Technicians

 Electronic Technicians

 Engineering Technicians

 Highway Engineering Aides

 Environmental Technicians

 Forestry Aides

 Housing Management Aides

 Instrumentation Technicians

 Legal Assistants

 Marine Technicians

 Mechanical Design Technicians

 Metallurgical Technicians

 Nuclear Power Plant Technicians

 Paraprofessional School Personnel

 School Aides

 Teacher Aides

 Bilingual Teacher Aides

 Production Technicians

 Radiographers

 Veterinary Assistants

 Visiting Homemakers

 Professional Personnel

 Accountants





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 Certified Public Accountants

 Architects

 Athletic Coaches

 Dentists

 Engineers

 Faculty

 Adjunct Faculty

 College Faculty

 College Presidents

 Counselor Educators

 Graduate School Faculty

 Medical School Faculty

 Professors

 Student Teacher Supervisors

 Teacher Educators

 Methods Teachers

 Teaching Assistants

 Deans

 Academic Deans

 Deans of Students

 Department Heads

 Faculty Advisors

 Full Time Faculty

 Nontenured Faculty

 Part Time Faculty

 Partnership Teachers

 Tenured Faculty

 Women Faculty

 Information Scientists

 Librarians

 Lawyers

 Mathematicians

 Nurses

 Nurse Practitioners

 School Nurses

 Optometrists

 Pharmacists

 Physicians

 Foreign Medical Graduates

 Psychiatrists

 Psychologists

 School Psychologists

 Research Directors

 Researchers

 Educational Researchers

 Scientists

 Social Scientists

 Social Workers

 School Social Workers

 Teachers

 Adult Educators

 Art Teachers

 Beginning Teachers





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 Bilingual Teachers

 Black Teachers

 Catholic Educators

 Cooperating Teachers

 Elementary School Teachers

 Home Economics Teachers

 Industrial Arts Teachers

 Instructor Coordinators

 Itinerant Teachers

 Language Teachers

 Lay Teachers

 Master Teachers

 Mathematics Teachers

 Minority Group Teachers

 Music Teachers

 Physical Education Teachers

 Preschool Teachers

 Public School Teachers

 Reading Teachers

 Remedial Teachers

 Resource Teachers

 Science Teachers

 Secondary School Teachers

 Special Education Teachers

 Student Teachers

 Substitute Teachers

 Teacher Interns

 Television Teachers

 Tutors

 Vocational Education Teachers

 Business Education Teachers

 Distributive Education Teachers

 Trade and Industrial Teachers

 Writing Teachers

 Therapists

 Occupational Therapists

 Physical Therapists

 Veterinarians

 Programmers

 Reentry Workers

 Research Assistants

 Resident Advisers

 Resident Assistants

 Resource Staff

 School Personnel

 Admissions Officers

 Assistant Principals

 Audiovisual Coordinators

 Faculty

 [repeats Faculty terms from above]

 Foreign Student Advisers

 Paraprofessional School Personnel

 School Aides





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 Teacher Aides

 Bilingual Teacher Aides

 Principals

 Pupil Personnel Workers

 Attendance Officers

 Registrars (School)

 School Business Officials

 School Cadres

 School Counselors

 School Nurses

 School Psychologists

 School Secretaries

 School Social Workers

 Student Financial Aid Officers

 Student Personnel Workers

 Scientific Personnel

 Mathematicians

 Science Consultants

 Scientists

 Security Personnel

 Specialists

 Child Development Specialists

 Film Production Specialists

 Media Specialists

 Audiovisual Coordinators

 Systems Analysts

 Trainers

 Political Candidates

 Potential Dropouts

 Quality Circles

 Recreationists

 Reference Groups

 Religious Cultural Groups

 Catholics

 Jews

 Protestants

 Amish

 Puritans

 Research and Instruction Units

 Role Models

 Mentors

 Runaways

 Rural Population

 Rural American Indians

 Rural Family

 Rural Farm Residents

 Rural Nonfarm Residents

 Rural Youth

 Seafarers

 Self Directed Groups

 Siblings

 Twins

 Slow Learners





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 Social Class

 Caste

 Lower Class

 Lower Middle Class

 Middle Class

 Upper Class

 Working Class

 Social Support Groups

 Spouses

 Stopouts

 Students

 Adult Students

 Advanced Students

 Bilingual Students

 Black Students

 College Students

 College Freshman

 College Juniors

 College Seniors

 College Sophomores

 College Transfer Students

 Graduate Students

 Dental Students

 Law Students

 Medical Students

 Graduate Medical Students

 In State Students

 On Campus Students

 Out of State Students

 Resident Assistants

 Student Teachers

 Two Year College Students

 Undergraduate Students

 Premedical Students

 Commuting Students

 Continuation Students

 Day Students

 Elementary School Students

 Evening Students

 Foreign Students

 Full Time Students

 High Risk Students

 Lower Class Students

 Majors (Students)

 Education Majors

 Married Students

 Middle Class Students

 Nonmajors

 Nontraditional Students

 Part Time Students

 Pregnant Students

 Reentry Students

 Secondary School Students





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 High School Students

 College Bound Students

 High School Freshmen

 High School Seniors

 Noncollege Bound Students

 Junior High School Students

 Self Supporting Students

 Single Students

 Special Needs Students

 Student Volunteers

 Terminal Students

 Transfer Students

 College Transfer Students

 White Students

 Tissue Donors

 Trainees

 Tribes

 Union Members

 Urban Population

 Urban American Indians

 Urban Youth

 Users (Information)

 Veterans

 Vietnam Veterans

 Victims of Crime

 Volunteers

 Student Volunteers

 Welfare Recipients

 Whites

 White Students

 Widowed

 Youth

 Affluent Youth

 Black Youth

 Disadvantaged Youth

 Migrant Youth

 Out of School Youth

 Rural Youth

 Suburban Youth

 Urban Youth

 Youth Leaders



 Disabilities

 Adventitious Impairments

 Attention Deficit Disorders

 Behavior Disorders

 Communication Disorders

 Congenital Impairments

 Cerebral Palsy

 Cleft Palate

 Downs Syndrome

 Spina Bifida

 Developmental Disabilities





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 Diseases

 Alcoholism

 Allergy

 Alzheimers Disease

 Anemia

 Sickle Cell Anemia

 Anorexia Nervosa

 Asthma

 Bulimia

 Cancer

 Chronic Illnes

 Communicable Diseases

 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

 Rubella

 Venereal Diseases

 Diabetes

 Drug Addiction

 Failure to Thrive

 Hypertension

 Obesity

 Occupational Diseases

 Poisoning

 Lead Poisoning

 Seizures

 Terminal Illness

 Hearing Impairments

 Deafness

 Partial Hearing

 Injuries

 Head Injuries

 Language Handicaps

 Aphasia

 Dyslexia

 Learning Disabilities

 Low Incidence Disabilities

 Mental Disorders

 Emotional Disturbances

 Psychosomatic Disorders

 Neurosis

 Psychosis

 Autism

 Echolalia

 Schizophrenia

 Mental Retardation

 Downs Syndrome

 Mild Mental Retardation

 Moderate Mental Retardation

 Severe Mental Retardation

 Mild Disabilities

 Mild Mental Retardation

 Minimal Brain Dysfunction

 Multiple Disabilities

 Deaf Blind





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 Perceptual Handicaps

 Physical Disabilities

 Amputations

 Cleft Palate

 Heart Disorders

 Neurological Impairments

 Aphasia

 Cerebral Palsy

 Epilepsy

 Minimal Brain Dysfunction

 Severe Disabilities

 Psychosis

 Autism

 Echolalia

 Schizophrenia

 Severe Mental Retardation

 Special Health Problems

 Speech Handicaps

 Articulation Impairments

 Cleft Palate

 Delayed Speech

 Stuttering

 Voice Disorders

 Visual Impairments

 Ametropia

 Hyperopia

 Myopia

 Blindness

 Partial Vision

 Strabismus





GEM Audience (ToolFor, Beneficiary)



The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) is a consortium effort to catalog thousands of educational

materials across hundreds of web sites. The GEM Audience element includes two sub-elements:

 ToolFor -- The group that would use the resource (e.g., a teacher).

 Beneficiary -- The target audience of the resource (e.g., learning disabled students).



A tool for whom? Who is the ultimate beneficiary?

Administrators Administrators

College/ University Instructors Adult education students

Curriculum Supervisors Advanced placement students

Elementary School Teachers African-American students

General Public Asian-American Students

Librarians At-risk students

Middle School Teachers Bilingual students

Other Educational Professionals College/ University Instructors

Parents Culturally diverse classroom

Policy-Makers Curriculum supervisors

Secondary School Teachers Developmentally disabled students

Student Teachers Disabled students

Students Economically disadvantaged students

Supervisors Elementary school teachers







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Teacher Educators Emotionally disabled students

Teachers English as a second languages (ESL) students

Teaching Professionals Female students

Technology Coordinators General Public

Gifted or honors students

Hearing-impaired students

Hispanic-American students

Learning disabled students

Librarians

Limited English proficiency (LEP) students

Male students

Middle school teachers

Minority students

Native American Students

Other educational professionals

Pacific Islanders

Parents

Physically disabled students

Policy-makers

Remedial students

Rural students

Secondary school teachers

Students

Students with multiple disabilities

Student teachers

Suburban students

Supervisors

Teachers

Teacher educators

Teaching professionals

Urban students

Vision-impaired students

All





Dublin Core Education Group – Draft Recommendations for Audience Element





?



Guide to ED Programs – View by Who May Apply



In order to carry out its mandate, the U.S. Department of Education administers about 175 programs. The

Guide to ED Programs provides a concise description of each program, identifies who may apply, and

gives the name and telephone number of the Department office to contact for more information. The

―Who May Apply‖ element identifies the types of individuals or organizations eligible to apply for each

grant program.



 Individuals

 Institutions of Higher Education

 Local Education Agencies

 Nonprofit Organizations

 Other Organizations and/or Agencies

 State Education Agencies

 (Not Categorized)







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Education Resource Organizations Directory (EROD) Audience Terms



The Education Resource Organizations Directory (EROD) is intended to help customers identify and

contact organizations that provide information and assistance on a broad range of education-related

topics. The Directory includes information on more than 2,400 national, regional, and state education

organizations. The subject vocabulary is derived from ERIC Thesaurus and is used to describe education

resource organizations‘ subject scopes.



 Administrators/Directors/Principals

 Board members

 Elementary administrators/directors/principals

 Secondary administrators/directors/principals

 Superintendents

 Personnel administrators

 Trustees

 University/college administrators/directors

 University/college governing boards

 Vocational training administrators/directors/principals

 Subscribers

 Authorized library users

 Friends of the library

 International members

 Members

 Retainer clients

 Counselors/Social Workers

 Elementary counselors/social workers

 Financial aid administrators

 Secondary counselors/social workers

 University/college counselors/social workers

 Vocational training counselors/social workers

 Education Agencies

 Local board of education

 Local education agencies

 Local education community

 State board of education

 State education agencies

 State education community

 University/College Faculty

 Area faculty and students

 Community colleges

 Student personnel workers

 University/college alumni

 University/college community

 University/college consortium members

 University/college faculty and students

 General Public

 General public by request

 General public for a fee

 General public postsecondary age

 General public with restrictions

 School Districts

 Local school district personnel







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 Public school teachers

 State school district personnel

 Health Care Professionals

 Health educators

 Hospital personnel

 Medical center faculty

 Medical center faculty, students, and staff

 Medical community

 Medical society members

 Mental health professionals

 Pediatricians

 Personnel psychologists

 Psychiatrists

 Psychologists

 Psychology faculty and students

 School nurses

 Practitioners

 People With Disabilities

 Librarians

 Elementary school librarians

 Federal librarians

 Information specialists

 Library community

 Library consortium members

 Public librarians

 Secondary school librarians

 Special librarians

 State librarians

 University/college librarians

 Media

 Residents

 Area residents

 Local residents

 Regional residents

 State residents

 Other

 Parents

 Elementary school students' parents

 Secondary school students' parents

 University/college students' parents

 Vocational training school students' parents

 Legal Community

 Judges

 Lawyers

 Researchers

 Students

 Elementary school students

 Graduate students

 Secondary school students

 University/college students

 Vocational training school students

 Teachers/Professors

 Adult educators





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 Day care personnel

 Early childhood educators

 Educators

 Elementary school coaches/athletic directors

 Elementary school teachers

 Inservice teachers

 Private school educators

 Secondary school coaches/athletic directors

 Secondary school teachers

 Teacher educators

 University/college coaches/athletic directors

 University/college teachers/professors

 Vocational training school teachers

 Vocational Education Community

 State vocational education community

 State vocational educators

 Personnel

 Area business personnel

 Business professionals

 Government personnel

 Higher education personnel

 Human resources personnel

 Labor force/employers

 Local business personnel

 Local public school personnel

 Local/county educators

 Military personnel

 Other government personnel

 Special educators

 State educators

 State government personnel

 State public school personnel

 State special educators

 Policymakers

 U.S. Department of Education

 NLE/ERIC staff

 ERIC System staff

 U.S. Department of Education personnel



Think College Early Database of Early College Awareness Programs – Type of Students Served &

Type of Area Served



The Early College Awareness Directory is a searchable list of programs that are geared toward informing

middle school students about college.



 Type of Students Served

 1 Generation College -- Different programs may define this term differently. In its most restrictive

st



definition, it would mean neither of the student‘s parents or guardians ever enrolled in a

postsecondary institution. The broader definition would define it to mean that neither of the

student‘s parents or guardians graduated from a postsecondary institution.

 Academically Qualified -- The program accepts only students with a certain minimum grade point

average as defined by that particular program. For some programs with a math or science









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concentration, academically qualified means that students performed better than average in these

particular subject areas.

 All Students -- All students are potentially eligible; however, it does not mean that the program

can accept every student who is interested, usually because of budget limitations.

 At-Risk -- Programs use this term in many different ways. Usually, programs using this category

to select students are targeting students who have a high chance of not completing school.

 Low Family Income -- Students are selected because their family‘s income is either below the

national poverty rate, the student is eligible for free- or reduced-price lunches at school, or the

family‘s income meets a program‘s standards and definitions for low family income.

 Racial-Ethnic Minority -- The program specifies that it serves only particular minority groups of

students depending on their race or ethnicity, such as African Americans, Native Americans,

Asian Americans, and/or Hispanic Americans.

 Rural -- The program only serves rural areas and/or farming communities.

 Urban -- The program only serves urban areas.

 Type of Area Served

 City(ies)/Town(s)

 County(ies)

 Individual School(s)

 Nation

 School District(s)

 State(s)



ED Internet Customer Survey



The ED Internet Customer Survey gathers responses from visitors to the ED web site who elect to

complete and submit the survey form. The form captures some demographic information about the

customer's role and organizational affiliation.



 Student

 Teacher

 Education administrator or manager

 Parent or family member

 Researcher or analyst

 Policy maker or legislator

 Librarian

 Writer or reporter

 Other



Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata (IEEE P1484.12/D4.0)



Sponsored by the Learning Technology Standardization Committee of the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), the draft IEEE 1484.12 standard specifies the syntax and semantics of

learning object metadata, defined as the attributes required to fully and adequately describe a learning

object. A learning object is defined here as any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used or

referenced during technology-supported learning. Examples of technology-supported learning

applications include computer-based training systems, interactive learning environments, intelligent

computer-aided instruction systems, distance learning systems, web-based learning systems and

collaborative learning environments.



Intended End User Role element

Principal user(s) for which this resource was designed, most dominant first.



A learner works with a resource in order to learn something. An author creates or publishes a resource. A

manager manages the delivery of this resource, e.g., a university or college. The document for a manager

is typically a curriculum.





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NOTE:--In order to describe the intended end user role through the skills he is intended to master, or the

tasks he is intended to be able to accomplish, the category 9:Classification can be used.



restricted vocabulary:

 3=Teacher

 4=Author

 5=Learner

 6=Manager



Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) Publication Database – Customer

Categories

The OERI Publications Plan Database tracks OERI & NCES publications from the initial concept through

printing.



 Business

 Education Practitioners

 General Public

 News Media

 Parents

 Policymakers

 Researchers

 Statistical Users

 Students



Reading Pathfinder (RP) – Audience Element



The Reading Pathfinder database catalogs approximately 2,000 early childhood literacy resources.



 All

 Caregivers

 Children

 Community

 Educators

 Grandparents/Family

 Librarians

 Parents

 Policymakers



Literacy Information aNd Communication System (LINCS) – Audience Element

LINCS - the Literacy Information aNd Communication System -- provides a single focal point for adult

literacy resources, knowledge, and expertise from across the nation and the world. LINCS is a service of

the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL).



 None

 Administrator

 Adolescent

 Business/Industry

 Child

 Counselor/Mentor

 General

 Parent

 Policy Maker

 Program Manager







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 Student/Learner

 Teacher/Instructor

 Trainee

 Tutor



Directory of Resources for Foreign Language Programs – Target Audience Element



The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education (NCBE) and the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages

and Linguistics (ERIC/CLL) maintain a directory of national associations, professional organizations, state

foreign language offices, funders, publishers of language learning materials, centers, clearinghouses,

instructional materials Web sites, online publications, databases, regional conferences, and listservs.

Each entry provides a description of the resource and information about the target audience, the level

(preK-16) served, and the products and services available, as well as links to additional information.



 Administrators

 Business People

 Funders

 Parents

 Policymakers

 Researchers

 Teachers

 Teacher Trainers

 Students





Education Network Australia (EDNA) – EDNA.Audience Element



EdNA is an Australian network of education services. The EdNA website is organized around Australian

curriculum, its tools are free to Australian educators and it is funded by the bodies responsible for

education provision in Australia – all Australian governments.



 student

 teacher/lecturer

 parent/carer

 administrator

 community member









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Attachment E: Authority and Source Detail

for “Resource Type” Element



ERIC Publication Types



ERIC Ready Reference #2, last revised May 1997, lists publication type codes used in cataloging entries

to the ERIC database



 010 Books

 020 Collected Works---General

 021 Collected Works---Conference Proceedings

 022 Collected Works---Serials

 030 Creative Works (Literature, Drama, Fine Arts)

 040 Dissertations/Theses---Undetermined

 041 Dissertations/Theses---Doctoral Dissertations

 042 Dissertations/Theses---Masters Theses

 043 Dissertations/Theses---Practicum Papers

 050 Guides---General (use more specific code, if possible)

 051 Guides---Classroom Use---Instructional Materials (For Learner)

 052 Guides---Classroom Use---Teaching Guides (For Teacher)

 055 Guides---Non-Classroom Use (For Administrative and Support Staff, and for Teachers, Parents,

Clergy, Researchers, Counselors, etc.)

 060 Historical Materials

 070 Information Analyses (State-of-the-Art Papers, Research Summaries, Literature Reviews, etc.)

 071 Information Analyses---ERIC Information Analysis Products (IAPs)

 072 Information Analyses---Book/Product Reviews

 073 Information Analyses---ERIC Digests (Selected) in Full Text

 074 Information Analyses---Non-ERIC Digests (Selected) in Full Text

 080 Journal Articles

 090 Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials

 100 Audiovisual/Non-Print Materials

 101 Audiovisual/Non-Print Materials---Computer Programs

 102 Audiovisual/Non-Print Materials---Machine-Readable Data Files (MRDFs)

 110 Statistical Data (Numerical, Quantitative, etc.)

 120 Viewpoints (Opinion Papers, Position Papers, Essays, etc.)

 130 Reference Materials---General (use more specific code, if possible)

 131 Reference Materials---Bibliographies/Annotated Bibliographies

 132 Reference Materials---Directories/Catalogs

 133 Reference Materials---Geographic Materials/Maps

 134 Reference Materials---Vocabularies/Classifications/Dictionaries

 140 Reports---General (use more specific code, if possible)

 141 Reports---Descriptive (i.e., Project Descriptions)

 142 Reports---Evaluative/Feasibility

 143 Reports---Research/Technical

 150 Speeches, Conference Papers

 160 Tests, Evaluation Instruments

 170 Translations

 171 Translations---Multilingual/Bilingual Materials



ERIC Thesaurus

 Publications

 Book Reviews





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 Books

 Foreign Language Books

 High Interest Low Vocabulary Books

 Paperback Books

 Picture Books

 Textbooks

 History Textbooks

 Multicultural Textbooks

 Yearbooks

 Catalogs

 Library Catalogs

 Book Catalogs

 Card Catalogs

 Union Catalogs

 Online Catalogs

 School Catalogs

 Comics (Publications)

 Computer Software Reviews

 Literature Reviews

 Pamphlets

 Reference Materials

 Abstracts

 Anthologies

 Atlases

 Bibliographies

 Annotated Bibliographies

 Citations (References)

 Dictionaries

 Glossaries

 Directories

 Discographies

 Encyclopedias

 Filmographies

 Guides

 Administrator Guides

 Curriculum Guides

 State Curriculum Guides

 Faculty Handbooks

 Laboratory Manuals

 Leaders Guides

 Library Guides

 Program Guides

 Study Guides

 Teaching Guides

 Test Manuals

 Indexes

 Citation Indexes

 Coordinate Indexes

 Permuted Indexes

 Library Catalogs

 Book Catalogs

 Card Catalogs

 Union Catalogs





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 Thesauri

 Yearbooks

 Reports

 Annual Reports

 Conference Papers

 Opinion Papers

 Personal Narratives

 Position Papers

 Mission Statements

 Practicum Papers

 Research Reports

 Theses

 Doctoral Dissertations

 Masters Theses

 School Publications

 Faculty Handbooks

 School Catalogs

 School Newspapers

 Student Publications

 Serials

 Annual Reports

 Bulletins

 Conference Proceedings

 Newspapers

 Newsletters

 School Newspapers

 Periodicals

 Foreign Language Periodicals

 Scholarly Journals

 Yearbooks

 State of the Art Reviews

 Test Reviews



 Educational Media

 Audiovisual Aids

 Instructional Films

 Protocol Materials

 Autoinstructional Aids

 Teaching Machines

 Instructional Materials

 Advance Organizers

 Bilingual Instructional Materials

 Courseware

 Experience Charts

 Instructional Films

 Laboratory Manuals

 Learning Modules

 Manipulative Materials

 Problem Sets

 Programmed Instructional Materials

 Protocol Materials

 Student Developed Materials

 Student Writing Models





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 Study Guides

 Teacher Developed Materials

 Teacher Made Tests

 Textbooks

 History Textbooks

 Multicultural Textbooks

 Workbooks



 Information Services

 Community Information Services

 Hotlines (Public)

 Information Dissemination

 Propaganda

 Publicity

 Advertising

 Television Commercials

 Institutional Advancement

 Referral

 Selective Dissemination of Information

 Information Processing

 Data Collection

 Sampling

 Item Sampling

 Data Processing

 Input Output

 Keyboarding (Data Entry)

 Time Sharing

 Documentation

 Abstracting

 Bibliometrics

 Citation Analysis

 Bibliographic Coupling

 Cataloging

 Machine Readable Cataloging

 Filing

 Indexing

 Automatic Indexing

 Information Retrieval

 Online Searching

 Information Storage

 Word Processing

 Library Services

 Library Circulation

 Interlibrary Loans

 Library Extension

 Library Technical Processes

 Library Acquisition

 Library Material Selection

 Reference Services

 Videotex



 Nonprint Media

 Audiodisks







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 Documentaries

 Exhibits

 Science Fairs

 Films

 Foreign Language Films

 Instructional Films

 Kinescope Recordings

 Single Concept Films

 Filmstrips

 Optical Disks

 Optical Data Disks

 Realia

 Tape Recordings

 Audiotape Recordings

 Videotape Recordings

 Transparencies

 Slides

 Videodisks



 Visual Aids

 Bulletin Boards

 Cartoons

 Chalkboards

 Charts

 Experience Charts

 Flow Charts

 Diagrams

 Display Aids

 Films

 Foreign Language Films

 Instructional Films

 Kinescope Recordings

 Single Concept Films

 Filmstrips

 Geometric Constructions

 Graphs

 Illustrations

 Maps

 Microforms

 Microfiche

 Microfilm

 Computer Output Microfilm

 Photographic Equipment

 Photographs

 Projection Equipment

 Filmstrip Projectors

 Microform Readers

 Opaque Projectors

 Overhead Projectors

 Tachistoscopes

 Raised Line Drawings

 Screens (Displays)

 Signs





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 Tables (Data)

 Expectancy Tables

 Three Dimensional Aids

 Transparencies

 Slides

 Videodisks

 Video Equipment

 Videotape Recorders

 Videotape Recordings



Suggested Product Types for Regional Educational Laboratory Products

List of 'Product Types' suggested by Ted Brandhorst, Director of ERIC Processing and Reference Facility

to Jim Clemmens (OERI) in March 16, 2000 email correspondence attachment 'Data Fields to be

Provided with Regional Educational Laboratory Products"



 Document/Book

 Bibliography/Resource Guide

 Book

 Catalog

 Conference Paper/Proceedings

 Curriculum Material

 Directory

 Document (General)

 Handbook/Guidebook/Manual

 Research Report/Project Description

 Journal/Serial

 Journal Issue

 Journal Article

 Newsletter

 Brochure/Folder/Booklet/Fact Sheet/Information Packet/Poster, etc.

 Non-Print Media

 Audiotape

 CD-ROM/DVD

 Computer Diskette

 Multi-Media Packet

 Slides

 Transparencies

 Videotape

 Web Site



GEM Resource Type



GEM is a consortium effort to catalog thousands of educational materials across hundreds of web sites.

GEM uses a two-tiered subject vocabulary to describe major K-12 curriculum areas.



 Activity

 Artifact

 Best Practice

 Catalog Record

 Community

 Course

 Curriculum

 Data Set







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 Educator‘s Guide

 Environment

 Event

 Form

 Image Set

 Lesson Plan

 Literature

 On-line Book

 Primary Source

 Project

 Realia

 Reference

 Research Study

 Secondary Source

 Service

 Story

 Study Guide

 Tool

 Unit of Instruction



Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics & Science Education Resource Finder –

Resource Type Element



The Eisenhower National Clearinghouse for Mathematics and Science Education (ENC) is funded

through a contract with the U. S. Department of Education to provide K-12 teachers with a central source

of information on mathematics and science curriculum materials. The ENC Resource Finder catalogs

thousands of K-12 math and science curriculum resources. The Resource Type element describes the

type/genre of each resource.



 Lesson Plans and Activities

 Teacher Guides

 Textbooks

 Games

 Learning Tools and Models

 Tests and Assessments

 Career Guidance Materials

 Standards and Curriculum Frameworks

 Professional Development

 Literature

 Resource Materials

 Technology Tools and Support Materials

 Curriculum Programs



Dublin Core Type Working Group





Dublin Core Working Draft List of Resource Types





 collection -- an aggregation of items. The term collection means that the resource is described as a

group; its parts may be separately described and navigated.

 dataset -- structured information encoded in lists, tables, databases, etc., which will normally be in a

format available for direct machine processing. For example - spreadsheets, databases, GIS data,

midi data. Note that unstructured numbers and words will normally be considered to be type text.







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 event -- a non-persistent, time-based occurence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive

information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, responsible agents, and

links to related events and resources. The resource of type event may not be retrievable if the

described instantiation has expired or is yet to occur. Examples - exhibition, web-cast, conference,

workshop, open-day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea-party, conflagration.

 image -- the content is primarily symbolic visual representation other than text. For example - images

and photographs of physical objects, paintings, prints, drawings, other images and graphics,

animations and moving pictures, film, diagrams, maps, musical notation. Note that image may include

both electronic and physical representations.

 interactive resource -- a resource which requires interaction from the user to be understood,

executed, or experienced. For example - forms on web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects,

chat services, virtual reality.

 model -- an abstraction of the real thing, i.e. some generalisation and interpretation. Models could be

considered a symbolic representation. Examples include performance models, cost models,

mechanical models, etc.

 party -- a person, organization, cultural group, or institution.

 physical object -- a non-human object or substance. For example - a computer, the great pyramid, a

sculpture, wheat. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these things should use

image, text or one of the other types.

 place -- a geographic area.

 service -- a system that provides one or more functions of value to the end-user. Examples include: a

photocopying service, a banking service, an authentication service, interlibrary loans, a Z39.50 or

Web server.

 software -- a computer program in source or compiled form which may be available for installation

non-transiently on another machine. For software which exists only to create an interactive

environment, use interactive instead.

 sound -- a resource whose content is primarily audio or intended to be realized in audio. For example

- music, speech, recorded sounds. This category includes musical notation, including score, which is

unrealized in sound.

 text -- a resource whose content is primarily words for reading. For example - books, letters,

dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of

texts are still of the genre text.



Dublin Core Education Working Group (dc-education)

list of resource type vocabularies compiled by Jon Mason of EdNA





California Environmental Resources Evaluation System (CERES) – Data Types



CERES is an information system developed by the California Resources Agency to facilitate access to a

variety of electronic data describing California's rich and diverse environments. The goal of CERES is to

improve environmental analysis and planning by integrating natural and cultural resource information from

multiple contributors and by making it available and useful to a wide variety of users.



 Collections

 Archives

 Digital Libraries

 Libraries

 Museum Collections

 Recordings

 Audio-Visual Materials

 Sound Recordings

 Video Recordings

 Datasets

 Databases





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 Real-time Data

 Survey Data

 Reference Services

 Bibliographies

 Cataloging Rules

 Catalogs

 Classification Systems

 Dictionaries

 Directories

 Encyclopedias

 Gazetteers

 Information Services

 Email Lists

 Referral Services

 Search Services

 Metadata Standards

 Subject Heading Lists

 Thesauri

 Geographic Information

 Aerial Photographs

 Atlases

 Geographic Information Systems

 Maps

 Orthophotos

 Satellite Imagery

 Spatial Data

 Textual Works

 Abstracts

 Advertisements

 Articles

 Bibliographies

 Biographies

 Books

 Conference Papers

 Correspondence

 Documents

 FAQs

 Fictional Works

 Legislation

 Manuals

 Metadata

 Monographs

 Periodicals

 Journals

 Magazines

 Newsletters

 Newspapers

 Plans

 Press Releases

 Proceedings

 Proposals

 Reports

 Requests for Proposals





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 Solicitations

 Theses

 Images

 Animations

 Art Works

 Drawings

 Graphics

 Motion Pictures

 Photographs

 Remote Sensing Images

 Other Information Types

 Curricula

 Expertise

 Models

 Organizations

 Programs

 Projects

 Software

 Websites



Alexandria Digital Library Object Type Thesaurus



This hierarchical set of terms for describing (representing) object types has been created for the

Alexandria Digital Library Project because no comparable set of terminology could be found that met our

needs. Our intention is to eventually use such a structure of terminology to describe the "content type" or

"logical type" of an item. Please note, however, that this Thesaurus has not been implemented and

therefore has not been tested.



 collections

 archives

 catalogs



 datasets

 data (use datasets)

 survey data



 events



 geospatial works

 cartographic works (use geospatial works)

 charts (use maps)

 geographic atlases

 geologic sections

 globes

 maps

 panoramic views

 topographic profiles



 graphic works

 diagrams

 graphics (use graphic works)



 images (The content is primarily visual in two dimensions and is not text: for example, images,

graphics, paintings, animations, diagrams. Note that "images" may include both electronic and





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physical representations. [adapted from the definition for "image" from the Dublic Core Resource

Type & Format Working Group])

 art works

 art originals

 art prints

 art reproductions

 paintings

 motion pictures

 animations

 photographs

 aerial photographs (Photographs taken from an air-borne vehicle within the earth's

atmosphere, such as an airplane, balloon, or kite; from a camera strapped to a bird; or a

person, such as a parachutist, in flight [Lib of Congress Thesaurus for Graphic Materials])

 orthophotographs

 photographs from space

 remote-sensing images

 aerial photographs

 radar images



 individuals

 experts

 persons (use individuals)



 models

 3-dimensional models (use models)

 geologic models (use models)

 mathematical models (use models)

 simulations (use models)

 theoretical models (use models)



 multimedia packages



 musical works



 organizations



 physical objects (Three dimensional objects or substances which are not specifically covered by other

terms.)



 projects



 recordings

 audio (use sound recordings)

 recorded sound (use sound recordings)

 sound (use sound recordings)

 sound recordings (The content is primarily audio: for example, music, speech, recorded sounds.

[adapted from the definition for "sound" from the Dublin Core Resource Type & Format Working

Group])

 spoken word (use sound recordings)

 video recordings



 services

 interactive services

 chat services





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 discussion lists

 games

 news groups

 reference services

 cataloging rules

 classification systems

 dictionaries

 directories

 gazetteers (place names dictionaries)

 glossaries (use dictionaries)

 metadata standards

 subject heading lists

 thesauri



 software packages (Computer programs which may be available for installation.)

 computer programs (use software packages)

 modeling software

 software (use software packages)



 textual works (Resources in which the content is primarily words for reading: for example, books,

letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of

the type "textual works". (adapted from the definition of "text" from Dublin Core Resource Type &

Format Working Group))

 abstracts

 articles

 bibliographies

 biographies

 autobiographies

 books (use monographs)

 conference papers

 correspondence

 dissertations (use theses)

 email messages (use correspondence)

 essays (use textual works)

 fictional works

 dramatic works

 plays (use dramatic works)

 poems

 letters (use correspondence)

 listserv messages (use correspondence)

 manuscripts (use textual works)

 monographs

 manuals

 monographic series

 newsgroup messages (use correspondence)

 novels (use fictional works)

 papers (use conference papers)

 preprints (use articles)

 proceedings

 reports

 research papers (use conference papers)

 serial works

 journals







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 magazines

 newsletters

 newspapers

 stories (use fictional works)

 technical reports (use reports)

 text (use textual works)

 theses



Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata (IEEE P1484.12/D4.0)



Sponsored by the Learning Technology Standardization Committee of the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), the draft IEEE 1484.12 standard specifies the syntax and semantics of

learning object metadata, defined as the attributes required to fully and adequately describe a learning

object. A learning object is defined here as any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used or

referenced during technology-supported learning. Examples of technology-supported learning

applications include computer-based training systems, interactive learning environments, intelligent

computer-aided instruction systems, distance learning systems, web-based learning systems and

collaborative learning environments.



Learning Resource Type element

Specific kind of resource, most dominant kind first.

open vocabulary with best practice:

 3=Exercise

 4=Simulation

 5=Questionnaire

 6=Diagram

 7=Figure

 8=Graph

 9=Index

 10=Slide

 11=Table

 12=Narrative Text

 13=Exam

 14=Experiment

 15=ProblemStatement

 16=SelfAssesment



Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) Publication Database – Product Type

Categories

The OERI Publications Plan Database tracks OERI & NCES publications from the initial concept through

printing.



 Products

 Analytic Report

 Blank Work

 Booklet/Handbook

 Brochure

 Compendium

 Directory

 E.D. Tab

 Issue Brief

 Proceeding

 R & D Report

 Serial Publication







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 Statistics in Brief

 Technical/Methodological

 User‘s Manual

 Electronic

 News Letter

 Web Page

 Data Files

 Restricted Data File/Electronic Code Book

 Public Use Data File/Electronic Code Book

 Data Analysis System/Table Generator



Education Network Australia (EDNA) – EDNA Schemes for DC.Type Element



EdNA is an Australian network of education services. The EdNA website is organized around Australian

curriculum, its tools are free to Australian educators and it is funded by the bodies responsible for

education provision in Australia – all Australian governments.



 Edna-document values

 Bibliography – List of resources

 Dissertation – Paper or thesis prepared as a requirement for a higher degree

 Guidelines – Directions for undertaking an activity or performing a task

 Index – Summary list of items

 Manuscript – Original or previously unpublished work

 Policy – Document containing principles of action adopted or proposed by an organisation or

authority

 Presentation – Record or summary of information or views delivered to an audience

 Reference – Comprehensive, systematically organised information such as a dictionary,

encyclopedia, or almanac

 Report – Account of an event or situation.

 Research report – Account of an investigation or study

 Serial – Periodical publication dealing with a particular subject

 Edna-curriculum values

 Activity – A task often as part of a lesson plan or larger unit of work - to help students develop or

demonstrate particular knowledge, skills, and understandings

 Assessment – Resource or materials designed to confirm achievement of objectives or outcomes

 Course – A sequence of teaching and learning units, designed to achieve knowledge, skills and

understandings in a particular learning area or discipline and to help students meet specified

requirements

 Curriculum/syllabus – Sets out the expected outcomes (knowledge, skills, and understandings)

for particular levels, clusters of levels or qualifications

 Exemplar – Example of good practice as recognised by an educational organisation or authority

 Lesson plan – An organised sequence of student activities, teaching ideas and resource

materials, designed to help students gain a particular set of knowledge, skills, and

understandings in a limited period of time

 Online Project – Structured curriculum activity for students, using the internet (particularly web

and email technologies). Built around a concept or theme, with a set duration and designed to

meet curriculum objectives

 Training Package – Set of materials designed to achieve industry-specific competencies and/or

professional development outcomes

 Unit/module – Self-contained segment of a teaching curriculum or training program covering a

specific topic or a related set of topics

 Edna-event values

 Conference – An assembly of people gathering to consult, discuss, learn about and view material

related to a theme.







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 Exhibition – A display, (either temporary or ongoing) of works of art, skills, artifacts, multimedia

representations etc.

 Performance -- An artistic or dramatic production (eg. a ceremony, play, live performance artist,

piece of music etc)



State of Victoria, Australia – Department of Education, Employment and Training (DEET) –

Resource Type Categories



The Victorian Education Channel provided by the Department of Education, Employment and Training

(DEET) is a Government Channel providing enhanced public access to the widely recognised education

information, resources and services available. For clients within the Victorian Education system it

provides a path for the discovery of high quality educational resources suitable for learning in Victoria.



 Unit of Instruction

 Lesson Plan

 Assessment

 Learning Activity

 Project

 Professional Development

 Reference and Materials



Reading Pathfinder (RP) – Resource Type Element



The Reading Pathfinder database catalogs approximately 2,000 early childhood literacy resources.



 Web Articles

 Web Sites

 Bibliographies

 Books

 Brochures

 Databases

 Journals

 Local Assistance

 Magazines

 Newsletters



Literacy Information aNd Communication System (LINCS) – Material Type Element

LINCS - the Literacy Information aNd Communication System -- provides a single focal point for adult

literacy resources, knowledge, and expertise from across the nation and the world. LINCS is a service of

the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL).



 Art

 Article

 Audio Materials

 Bibliography

 Book

 Brochure or Pamphlet

 Catalog

 Computer Game

 Conference Paper

 Conference Proceeding

 Contractor Report

 Database

 Dictionary







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 Directory

 Electronic Forum

 Flyer

 Government Document

 Handbook

 Historical Material

 Information Analysis

 Instructional Material

 Journal

 Newsletter

 Play or Theater Production

 Poetry

 Position Paper

 Project Description

 Proposal

 Research or Technical Report

 Serial or Journal

 Short Story

 Software or Freeware

 Speech

 Statistical Data

 Summary or Abstract

 Teaching Guide

 Test or Evaluation Instrument

 Testimony

 Textbook

 Thesis or Dissertation

 Training Material

 Webliography

 Video Material

 Workbook

 Other or Do Not Know



Directory of Resources for Foreign Language Programs – Type Element



The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education (NCBE) and the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages

and Linguistics (ERIC/CLL) maintain a directory of national associations, professional organizations, state

foreign language offices, funders, publishers of language learning materials, centers, clearinghouses,

instructional materials Web sites, online publications, databases, regional conferences, and listservs.

Each entry provides a description of the resource and information about the target audience, the level

(preK-16) served, and the products and services available, as well as links to additional information.



 Clearinghouse

 Funder

 Immersion Program

 Instructional Materials Web Site

 Listserv

 National Organization

 Online Publication

 Professional Organization

 Programs Database

 Publisher

 Regional Conference







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 Regional Educational Laboratory

 State or Territorial Foreign Language Supervisor

 State or Territorial Organization

 Title VI Center









52

Attachment F: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1:

Reference Description





Each Dublin Core element is defined using a set of ten attributes from the ISO/IEC 11179 standard for the

description of data elements. These include:



 Name - The unique token assigned to the data element

 Label - The human-readable label assigned to the data element

 Version - The version of the data element

 Registration Authority - The entity authorized to register the data element

 Language - The language in which the data element is specified

 Definition - A statement that clearly represents the concept and essential nature of the data

element

 Obligation - Indicates if the data element is required to always or sometimes be present (contain

a value)

 Datatype - Indicates the type of data that can be represented in the value of the data element

 Maximum Occurrence - Indicates any limit to the repeatability of the data element

 Comment - A remark concerning the application of the data element



Fortunately, six of the above ten attributes are common to all the Dublin Core elements. These are, with

their respective values:



Version: 1.1

Registration Authority: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

Language: en

Obligation: Optional

Datatype: Character String

Maximum Occurrence: Unlimited



The above attributes will not be repeated in the below definitions, however, they do represent part of the

formal element definitions.



The definitions provided here include both the conceptual and representational form of the Dublin Core

elements. The Definition attribute captures the semantic concept and the Datatype and Comment

attributes capture the data representation.



Each Dublin Core definition refers to the resource being described. A resource is defined in RFC2396 as

"anything that has identity". For the purposes of Dublin Core metadata, a resource will typically be an

information or service resource, but may be applied more broadly.



Element: Title

Name: Title

Label: Title

Definition: A name given to the resource.

Comment: Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is

formally known.



Element: Creator

Name: Creator

Label: Creator

Definition: An entity primarily responsible for making the content of

the resource.

Comment: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization,

Metadata for ED Web – Definitions, Controlled Vocabularies and Formats DRAFT – 06/25/2001 Page:A- 54







or a service.

Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to

indicate the entity.



Element: Subject

Name: Subject

Label: Subject and Keywords

Definition: The topic of the content of the resource.

Comment: Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords,

key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic

of the resource.

Recommended best practice is to select a value from a

controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme.



Element: Description

Name: Description

Label: Description

Definition: An account of the content of the resource.

Comment: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract,

table of contents, reference to a graphical representation

of content or a free-text account of the content.



Element: Publisher

Name: Publisher

Label: Publisher

Definition: An entity responsible for making the resource available

Comment: Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization,

or a service.

Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to

indicate the entity.



Element: Contributor

Name: Contributor

Label: Contributor

Definition: An entity responsible for making contributions to the

content of the resource.

Comment: Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization,

or a service.

Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to

indicate the entity.



Element: Date

Name: Date

Label: Date

Definition: A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the

resource.

Comment: Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or

availability of the resource. Recommended best practice

for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of

ISO 8601 and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format.



Element: Type

Name: Type

Label: Resource Type

Definition: The nature or genre of the content of the resource.







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Comment: Type includes terms describing general categories, functions,

genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best

practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary

(for example, the working draft list of Dublin Core Types).

To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the

resource, use the FORMAT element.



Element: Format

Name: Format

Label: Format

Definition: The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.

Comment: Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of

the resource. Format may be used to determine the software,

hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the

resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration.

Recommended best practice is to select a value from a

controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media

Types defining computer media formats).



Element: Identifier

Name: Identifier

Label: Resource Identifier

Definition: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given

context.

Comment: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means

of a string or number conforming to a formal identification

system.

Example formal identification systems include the Uniform

Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource

Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the

International Standard Book Number (ISBN).



Element: Source

Name: Source

Label: Source

Definition: A Reference to a resource from which the present resource

is derived.

Comment: The present resource may be derived from the Source resource

in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to

reference the resource by means of a string or number

conforming to a formal identification system.



Element: Language

Name: Language

Label: Language

Definition: A language of the intellectual content of the resource.

Comment: Recommended best practice for the values of the Language

element is defined by RFC 1766 which includes a two-letter

Language Code (taken from the ISO 639 standard), followed

optionally, by a two-letter Country Code (taken from the \

ISO 3166 standard). For example, 'en' for English, 'fr' for

French, or 'en-uk' for English used in the United Kingdom.



Element: Relation

Name: Relation







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Label: Relation

Definition: A reference to a related resource.

Comment: Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by

means of a string or number conforming to a formal

identification system.



Element: Coverage

Name: Coverage

Label: Coverage

Definition: The extent or scope of the content of the resource.

Comment: Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name

or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label,

date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named

administrative entity).

Recommended best practice is to select a value from a

controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of

Geographic Names) and that, where appropriate, named places or

time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such

as sets of coordinates or date ranges.



Element: Rights

Name: Rights

Label: Rights Management

Definition: Information about rights held in and over the resource.

Comment: Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights

management statement for the resource, or reference

a service providing such information. Rights information

often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),

Copyright, and various Property Rights.

If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made

about the status of these and other rights with respect to

the resource.









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Attachment G: Edit Specifications for Interwoven TeamSite Metadata

Template for www.ed.gov

General Requirements

 system must be able to create and maintain a metadata record for any individual file on ED web site

that exists in TeamSite; metadata is used to provide more precise and relevant search results (via

both Inktomi and Oracle), dynamically construct web pages, support personalization, and facilitate

administration of site content

 metadata must travel with resource (i.e., the file described by the metadata) throughout the workflow

from file creation through the entire approval workflow, deployment to live site, and any subsequent

file updates, renames, or moves

 anyone with rights to edit the file must be able to elect to edit either the file, the metadata, or both

 anyone who can create a file -- POC author, POC editor, WSG editor, ATG editor – must be able to

create metadata for the file or choose not to

 when a file is deployed, the metadata must be added to the production Oracle database at the same

time; selected elements must be embedded in the resource itself (when resource format will

accommodate such embedding, e.g., html, xml, between the tags)

 when metadata is updated, updates must be reflected in Oracle record and embedded meta tags as

appropriate

 when someone edits the metadata for an existing file, the metadata form shall be populated with

values retrieved from the Oracle record for the file; changes to the metadata shall be saved in the

same Oracle record and the metadata embedded in the resource shall be updated

 if possible, the content management system should protect the metadata and ensure its consistency

with the Oracle record, by either preventing users from manually editing the meta tags or refreshing

the meta tags from the authoritative Oracle version whenever a revised version of the html is loaded

back into the content store

 empty elements should not be embedded in record

 when adding a new record, user should be able to elect to initially populate metadata form with values

from an existing record (by specifying URL or selecting from explorer-like interface) or from previous

record last edited (intended to facilitate entry for multi-file groups such as publications consisting of

multiple html pages where most information remains the same from file to file)

 a regular cron job shall examine the Next Archive/Update Action and Date for each item and shall

update the Status element to a value of ―Archived‖ if the Action is ―Archive Item Automatically‖ and

the date has passed; if the Action is ―Delete Item Automatically‖ and the date has passed, the cron

job shall delete the file; in either case, the cron job shall send an email to the Content Owner email

address notifying the owner of the action



Form Behaviors and Metadata Element Specifications

 form should automatically pre-populate Title element with value derived from file for files in html, doc,

pdf, and other analyzable formats

 form should automatically pre-populate URL element with value assembled from live site prefix

(www.ed.gov) and full path of file within workarea (e.g., /offices/SFA/Students/index.html)

 form should present reasonable defaults or partial pre-fills where helpful, specifically

 default Language to ―en‖

 default Format to ―text/html‖

 default Publisher to ―US Department of Education‖

 default Rights Management to ―Free, no restrictions‖

 form should include brief help text for each element

 form should link to separate help page or set of pages with more detailed help

 each user can establish/maintain profile that pre-populates metadata template for new items with

values, e.g., content owner email, publisher, ED office, etc.

 each user can establish/maintain short list of controlled vocabulary subsets to efficiently apply

frequently used terms (e.g., an office may habitually use 10-30 subject terms repeatedly,

supplementing them infrequently with terms from the rest of the subject vocabulary)





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 form must use latest controlled vocabularies (maintained in Oracle database) either by referencing

the Oracle database each time or refreshing static lists in form at least nightly (preferably with a

capability to refresh lists on demand when urgent)

 form should integrate /admin/reference/ tables to let user navigate thesaurus hierarchy, view term

definitions, enter non-preferred terms and have system suggest preferred terms – for vocabularies

with thesaurus relations defined (e.g., subject, audience, resource type, level of education, ED

program, other?)

 form should protect against problem characters embedded in values entered (e.g., double quotes,

greater than, less than) by converting double quotes to single quotes and converting other characters

to escape sequences? (not sure if ampersand is problem character or if semicolon is always

interpreted as separator between multiple occurrences within a field); assume valid values for

elements with validation tables won‘t contain problem characters (admin screens will need to be

modified to enforce)

 form should display human-readable values in pull-down lists presented to user for value selection,

even when cryptic code is stored in metadata (e.g., display ―Office of the Secretary‖ as option for ED

Principal Office, store corresponding code ―EA‖ in record); ok to display cryptic code in form after user

selects it?

 each field on form should remember most recently entered values and offer pull-down list &/or auto-

complete, like address/url field in web browser

 form may allow user to type values for elements with controlled vocabularies, but should offer to auto-

complete entries and should provide immediate feedback if user enters invalid value

 status element doesn‘t appear on screen but is derived; if Action=‖Archive Item Automatically‖ and

Action Date Y not included; should be

Identifier

(need to add scheme)

Title Y Yes ►Oracle table restricts length to max

255; not long enough

Creator Y Yes, last name first; ►follow DC agent initiative or use sub-

may contain more than properties?

one value ►Semicolon as separator because

comma used in lastname, firstname

format in individual values?

Contributor Y ►follow DC agent initiative or use sub-

properties?

►use types to define roles?

Description



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Metadata Syntax Emb ERIC Digests Open Issues

Element ed?

Subject – Descriptors not in ►Vocabularies/schemes other than

EDWeb vocabulary; ED Web?

separated ►String controlled and uncontrolled

subject values together in ―keywords‖

tag

Subject – more than 4 values; ►Semicolon as separator?

lumped in with ►Use type=‖keyword‖ or

controlled subject terms scheme=‖uncontrolled‖?

ED Program, separate element?

Initiative ► Semicolon as separator?

Level of audience element (DC-

ED.audience.level)

►Semicolon as separator?

Audience –

Audience – source records, values

may not match EDWeb

vocabulary

Resource EDWeb values

Format Y always ―text/HTML‖

Language Y Yes, but spelled out not

ISO 2-char code;

conversion should be

easy (e.g., English=en)

Content Date 2000-00-00) extension or type? (latter may confuse

or search engine)



Publisher multiple values with properties?





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Metadata Syntax Emb ERIC Digests Open Issues

Element ed?

commas embedded

within values

ED Principal

Content ►Page owner?

►Need scheme to specify e-mail

address?

Next Archive/ extension or type? (latter may confuse

or search engine)



Next Archive/

Status Y ►not yet implemented; needed so

Inktomi can distinguish archived items

from active items

Rights

Fee

Records

Sensitivity/ N

Privacy

Source simple version: ? ►TeamSite template ver. 1 won‘t

►Syntax is moot; element not

full version: embedded in EDWeb object; illustrates

sub-element grouping and typing per









Coverage ? ►TeamSite template ver. 1 won‘t





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Metadata Syntax Emb ERIC Digests Open Issues

Element ed?



Relation – ? ►TeamSite template ver. 1 won‘t

Label, Kind, & ►Syntax is moot; element not

sub-element grouping and typing per





Chapter N

SortOrder N ►Qualify via element name dot-

or extension or type?



Publication scheme?

Last Update

Package End Y not included; should be









64