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Vitamins
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Vitamins

Vitamin A (Retinol)





CH3 CH3

H3C CH3

OH







Retinol

CH3

b - Carotene and Retinol

CH 3

CH 3 CH 3 CH 3

H3 C



CH 3

CH 3 CH 3 CH 3

CH 3



Oxidation



CH 3 CH 3 O

H3 C CH 3

C H



CH 3 Retainal

- 2H





CH 3 CH 3

H3 C CH 3

CH 2 OH



CH 3 Retinol (Vitamin A)

Vitamin A Activity Determnination in Foods







Vitamin A Activity = b-Carotene + Retinol

Vitamin A and b - Carotene Determination

Food

KOH (Alcoholic)

Saponification



3 hrs. at room temperature

Ether for Extraction

Extract (retinol and b-carotene)





HPLC

Vitamin A







• Column: Nova-Pack C18; 150 x 3.9mm

• Eluent : 95:5 Methanol: CH3CN

• Detection wavelength: 285 nm

Thiamin Determination



Pyrimidine Thiazole

H3C N NH2 S CH2CH2OH Mono-, pyro-,

N N or triphosphate.

CH2 CH3

Protein



K 3Fe(CN) 6

Oxidation





H3C N N S CH2CH 2OH



N N

CH2 CH3

measure the absorbance at 435 nm

THIOCHROME (Fluorescent)

Thiamin Determination in Flour



1. 5 g flour

2. 75 ml 0.1 N HCl

3. Make volume to 100 ml

4. Digest at 100oC for 30 min

5. Centrifuge and filter

Thiamine



• Column : 250 x 4.6 mm, Spherisorb

• Eluent : 90:10 chloroform:methanol

• Wavelength: 435 nm

Water-Soluble Vitamins

2

Pyridoxin









Riboflavin

3



Niacin Thiamin

Inject 4

1



Column: u Bondapak C18

Solvent: MeOH

Sample: Water-Soluble Vitamins

0 5 10 15 20

Riboflavin Determination



Flavinmononucleotide(FMN)

CH2 OH

Flavoadeninedinucleotide (FAD)

HOCH Flavoprotein

HOCH

HOCH

HCH

CH 3

N N O

8 9 1

7 2

6 10 3

5 4

CH 3 N

O





6,7 Dimethyl-9-D-1-Ribitylisoalloxazine

Sample Preparation



Autoclave in 0.1 N HCl for 30 min

1. Adjust pH to isoelectric point to precipitate proteins

2. Filter

3. Dilute to 100 ml in volumetric flask

Riboflavin Analysis by HPLC





• Column: 250 x 4.6 mm 5µm; Spherisorb

• Eluent : 50:50 methanol : water

• Wavelength: 510 nm

Niacin



O O

C OH C NH2



N N



Ribose Ribose









Nicotinamideadeninedincleotide (NAD)

Niacin Determination

1. Digestion an Hydrolysis

Autoclave

Sample + Ca(OH) 2 2 Hours



2. PPT Protein with (NH4)2SO4

3. Centrifuge and Filter

4. Rupture of Pyridine Ring with CNBR (Cyanogen Bromide)

5. Color Formation with Sulfanilic Acid

6. Determine the Absorption at 470 nm

7. Plot the Standard Curve of Niacin vs. Concentration

8. (Straight Line of Best Fit)

Niacine Determination



1 O

O

C OH + CNBr C OH REARRANGEMENT

REARRANGED

RING IS OPENED DERIVATIVE

N N

Br CN



2

O

RERRANGED +

H2 N S OH

DERIVATIVE

O

O

C-OH O

R-N-CH=CH-CH=C-CH=N S OH

O

Niacine Standard Plot









mg Niacin

Vitamin C

Ascorbic Acid Dehydroascorbic Acid



CH2 OH CH2 OH

HOCH O HOCH O

-2 H

O O

+2 H



HO OH O O







HSCH2CH(SH)CH2OH : 2, 3-dithiol-Propanol

Reducing agent and converts dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid

Titration Method for Reduced Vitamin C



1. Extract with metaphosphoric acid (HPO3) in HOAC.

2. Titrate with 2, 6-dichloroindophenol (blue).





At end point, rose pink (2, 6-dichloroindophenol in acidic

condition).

Oxidation and Reduction of Ascorbic Acid

2,6-dichloroindophenol

HO OH Cl

+ O N OH

H

H O H 2C O O Cl



Blue Color



Cl

O O

HO NH OH

+

H

O Cl

H O H 2C O



Pink color in acidic condition



Extra oxidized indophenol form in the absence of ascorbic acidic gives pink color

at end point

Calculation for Reduced Vitamin C



F V

mg Ascorbic Acid/g = (A-B) x x

E X



A= ml of 2,6-dichloroindophenol for sample titration

B= ml of 2,6-dichloroindophenol for blank

F= mg of ascorbic acid equivalent to 1 ml of indophenol standard solution

V= Initial assay solution volume

E= Number of grams

X= Volume sample aliquot titrated


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