What You Need to Know!
health-for-everyone.com
What You Need to Know!
DR. SIMA
Conejo Medical Center
Diplomat American Board of
Internal Medicine & Fellow
American Academy of
Cardiology (FAAC)
health-for-everyone.com
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Prostate
Urethra
Urinary System
Blood with
waste products
KIDNEY
Medulla
Cortex
Clean blood Ureter
to body
Urine (waste
products) to bladder
Clean blood
Renal vein
Blood with
waste products
Renal artery
Ureter
Waste products
(urine) to the bladder
Nephron
Tubule
• A major function of the kidney is to eliminate waste, and toxins
from the body through...
• Filtration
• Reabsorption
• Secretion
• Regulates
• sodium, potassium, and phosphorous levels
• fluid balance
• acid base balance
• Releases 3 hormones
• Erythropoietin
• Renin
• Calcitriol
Lower Upper
• Urethritis • Pyelonephritis
• Prostatitis (kidney infection)
• Cystitis
(bladder infection)
Prostate
Urethra
The most common cause of urinary tract infections is E. coli
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
(UTIs)
Symptoms of LOWER UTIs Symptoms of UPPER UTIs
• Painful urination • Symptoms of lower UTIs plus...
• Frequent & urgent need to urinate • Fever and chills
• Blood in urine • Flank pain
• Pus in urine • Nausea and vomiting
• Nocturia (waking during the night to
frequently urinate)
• Abnormal urine flow
• Pain in lower back & pelvic region
Symptoms of UTIs in CHILDREN Symptoms of UTIs in ELDERLY
• Irritability • Normal or subnormal temperature
• Loss of appetite • Loss of appetite
• Loose bowel movements • Mental confusion
• Bed wetting
• Gender
• Anatomical anomaly
• Stricture
• Vesicoureteral reflux Foley
• Enlarged Prostrate Catheter
• Kidney Stones
• Pregnancy
• Impaired Immunity
• Cancers
• HIV
• Diabetes
• Spinal cord or nerve damage
• Sensory impairment
• Prolonged catheterization
• Foley catheter
• Surgery
• Medical Procedures
• Cystoscopy
• Spermicidal foams and jellies
• Bubble bath
• Feminine hygiene products
• Use of diaphragm
• Incomplete voiding
• Personal hygiene habits
• Develop good bathroom habits – wipe from front to back
• Shower or bathe daily
• Empty the bladder often
• Urinate before and after sexual intercourse
• Drink plenty of fluids, e.g., minimum of 8 glasses of water daily
• Avoid perfumed soap and bath products, perfumed feminine hygiene products
• Wear cotton underwear
• Avoid hot, spicy, acidic foods and beverages containing caffeine
Lower Upper
• Untreated lower urinary • Acute renal failure
tract infections can cause • Chronic kidney damage and scar
kidney infections • Kidney abcess
• Septicemia
• Physical exam
• Blood test
• UA
• Urine culture and sensitivity
• Blood cultures
• Abdominal x-ray
• Kidney ultrasound
• CT Urogram
Treatment
Lower Upper
• Amoxicillin • Quinolones
• Macrobid • Ciprofloxacin
• Bactrim DS • Levaquin
• Ciprofloxacin • Cephalosporin
• Levaquin • Aminoglycosides
• Doxycycline • Bactrim DS
• Others
Self Care
• Try heating pads
• Non-aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) pain medications (Tylenol is ok)
• Stay hydrated
• Avoid citrus juices, coffee, alcohol, soft drinks
with caffeine (until you seek medical advice
and treatment)
“Have a peaceful, happy, and
healthy life”…from Dr. Sima!
Thanks for your interest
and God bless you all!
Dr. Sima
Conejo Medical Center
Diplomat American Board of
Internal Medicine & Fellow
American Academy of
Cardiology (FAAC)
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