DICTIONARY

DICTIONARY

Kinyarwanda - English

English - Kinyarwanda









by

Betty Ellen Cox, Myra Adamson

and

Muriel Teusink

DICTIONARY







KINYARWANDA - ENGLISH



ENGLISH - KINYARWANDA







Prepared by Myra Adamson, Betty Ellen Cox,

and Muriel H. Teusink







The purpose of this book is to assist the person learning Kinyarwanda. It contains the

vocabulary used in the Cox Grammar and also that in the Gospel of Mark (1957 edition), plus

other commonly used words. In the Kinyarwanda-English section, the numbers in parentheses

following the words indicate the number of the lesson in the Cox Grammar in which the word

was introduced.



A few abbreviations are: tr. = transitive; into = intransitive; inv. = invariable;

n. = noun; sing. = singular; pI. = plural.



A few notes on the orthography used:

1) imp- is used rather than imh- (as in impamba,impumyi, etc.)

2 ) Since ill. and f are sometimes used interchangeably, in looking for a word with this

sound, try under both spellings.

3 ) The letter L has been used throughout, rather than L except in the case of a few words

of foreign origin.

4) You will note markings above some of the vowels, e.g. a, e, 1, O. This mark usually

indicates a high, lengthened tone, though in a few cases it is a low lengthened tone.

Many more low ones could have been indicated. No short tones are indicated. You will

need to have a Munyarwanda help you with pronunciation, since Kinyarwanda is a tonal

language. These markings are not usually used in writing or printing the language, but

are here to help you learn to pronounce the words correctly. Most long markings are

not included in the English-Kinyarwanda section.



The authors are aware there will be imperfections and lacks, but hope that in spite of them

this book will be of some use to those beginning their study of Kinyarwanda.

Page 1 aby-ana



A umw-aku (no pI.) - bad fate, bad luck



u rw -abya (inz-) - small covered clay pot iny-ama (see: i-nyama)



k w -aduka (tse) - to appear suddenly k w -amamara (ye) - to spread everywhere,

become known (int.)

in z -aduka (inz-) - something strange,

foreign, new k w -amamaza Ue) - to spread everywhere

(tr.), make known, publish

a k-aga (no pI.) - misfortune, danger

iny-amaswa (see: i-nyamaswa)

umw-aga (no pI.) - harshness, severity

umunyamwaga - harsh person, cruel k w -ambara (ye)(36) - to wear, dress, put

on (clothing)

icy-ago (iby-)(ll1) - trouble

k w -ambaza (je) - to pray, cry to God for help

ubw-aguke (no pI.) - width

umw-ambi (imy-) - arrow, match

aha (118) - here

k w -ambika (tse) - to dress (tr.), put clothes

icy-aha (iby-)(14) - sin

on someone

u kw-aha (utw-)(32) - armpit

am-ambu, ibiri - on the contrary, however

ahandi (no pl.)(43) - elsewhere

icy-ambu (iby-) - port

ahari (43) - perhaps

k w -ambuka (tse) - to cross a body of water,

aho (119) - there, where, since, instead of, or land

rather than

k w -a mbura (ye) - to take clothes off

ahubwo (39) - but rather, on the contrary,

however umw-ambuzi (ab-) - thief, robber



umw-ami (ab-)(2) - king, Lord

k w -ahukana (nye) - to leave mate

(temporarily) (usually said of icy-ami - kingly, royal

women)

ubw-ami (no pl.)( 48) - kingdom

kw-aka (tse)(82) - to shine, burn, (of a

fire) urw-amo (no pI.) - noise (of voices), clamor



k w -aka (tse) - to take away from, reclaim umw-ana (ab-)(2) - child, son, daughter



umw-aka (imy-)(38) - year; (pl.)-crops ubw-ana (no pl.)(28) - childhood



akaramata - forever in y -ana (see: i-nyana)



kw-akTra (iriye)(95) - to accept, welcome, icy-ana (iby-) - colt, young of animal

receive

in-anasi (in-)(61) - pineapple

and-ba Page 2



umw-anda (imy-)(10?) - dirt (as on floor) ak-ara (no pI.) - place where soil is thin



kw-andarika (tse) ibintu - to be careless a m-ara masa - empty-handed, in vain

with things

Umw-arabu (ab-) - Arab

kw-andika (tse)(34) - to write

ari - whether, he is, she is, it is

urw-andiko (inz-)(25) - letter (missile)

umw-ari (ab-) - young woman

umw-anditsi (ab-) - secretary, scribe

icy-ati (iby-) - nest

umw-andu (imy-) - inheritance

kw-arika (tse) - to make a nest

kw-anga (nze)(36) - to refuse, hate, dislike

ariko - but, however

kw-angirira (ye) - to resist, refuse to

umw-arimu (ab-) - professor, teacher

kw-angiza Ue)- to damage, damage crop, etc.

before it is mature, to waste umw-aro (imy-) - lakeshore, ford



icy-aro (iby-) - village, country (rural)

urw-ango (inz-) - hatred

kw-aruka (tse) - to grow up

umw-ango (imy-)(23)(Sw.) - door

kw-asa (ashije)(65) - to cut firewood

ak-anguhe, gusesa - to be mature (person),

experienced kw-asama (mye) - to open the mouth



kw-anika (tse)(59) - to put out in the sun ashwi - no (emphatic)

ashwi da - no!

iny-anja (see: i-nyanja)

ubw-ato (am-)(2?) - boat

kw-anura (ye)(59) - to bring in from sun

kw-atsa (akije)(63) - to blow the fire

umw-anya (imy-)(88) - time, space

ubw-atsi (no pl.)(69) - grass, pasture,

ak-anya (no pI.) - a brief moment

possession

iny-anya (see: i-nyanya) gukura ubwatsi - to congratulate, (as a

graduate), e.g. tugukuriye ubwatsi

ubw-anyuma (no pI.) - later

icy-atsi (iby-)(69) - grass

umw-anzi (ab-)(102) - enemy ibyatsi bibi - weeds

umw-anzuro (imy-) - final word, decision, icy-ayi (no pl.)(61) -tea

conclusion

B

inz-ara (see: i-nzara)

ku-ba (baye)(l2) - to be, become, live, exist

urw-ara (inz-)(24) - fingernail, claw,

kuba maso - to be on guard, alert

toenail kuba mu mazi abira - to be in great

difficulty

Page 3 bab-bas



i-baba (ama-) - wing iki-bambazi (ibi-) - wall (usually exterior)



ku-babara (ye)(75) - to suffer, be sad, hurt, bambe (46) - excuse me (misspoke myself)

be sore

ku-bambura (ye) - to remove from cross,

ubu-babare (no pI.) - physical suffering (or, remove dried hide from pegs

mental)

ku-bana (nye) - to live with, together

ku-babarira (ye)( 48) - to forgive

ru-banda (no pI.) - people, a crowd

umbabarire (46) - excuse me, I'm sorry

rubanda rwa giseseka - the ordinary

people

umu-babaro (imi-)(104) - suffering, pain,

sorrow, sadness, grief (mental, not

aka-bfmde (utu-)(56) - valley

physical)

i-banga (ama-) - secret

ku-babaza (je)(79) - to hurt (tr.), cause

pain, sorrow ku-bangikanya (nije) - to place near, put in

group together

im-babazi (im-)(15) - forgiveness, pardon,

mercy, pity ku-b1mguka (tse)(47) - to hurry



iki-babi (ibi- )(69) - leaf ku-mmza (njije)(31) - to do first, begin by



ku-baduka (tse) - to get up quickly (from ubanza - it seems that , it's possible that... ,

seat or bed) I think... , perhaps .



ku-baga (ze)(63) - to butcher, operate on, uru-banza (imanza) - trial, judgment,

cause to suffer severely condemnation, affair



im-baga (im-) - crowd ku-banziriza (je) - to precede



ku-bagara (ye) - to weed ku-bara (ze)(38) - to count



i-bagiro (ama-) - butcher shop, butchering i-bara (ama-) - color

place im-baraga (im-)(46) - strength, power

aka-bago (utu-) - comma, period im-baragasa (im-)(77) - flea

ku-baho (bayeho) - to live, exist aka-barankuru (utu-) - news magazine,

paper

uru-b:3ho (im-)(23) - board, slate



ku-baka (see: k-ubaka) umu-bare (imi-)(122) - number



umu-baji (aba-) - carpenter i-barura (no pI.) - statistics, census



ku-bamba (mbye) - to crucify, stretch out i-baruwa (ama-)(Sw.) - letter

(as hide to dry) ku-basha (shije) - to have power, be able

bas-biz Page 4



ubu-basha (no pI.) - power, strength, ku-beshyabeshya (shye)(1 13) - to amuse a

authority child, fool, deceive lightly



im-bata (im-) - slave -bi (adj.)(8) - bad, dirty, ugly



aka-bati (utu-) - closet, cupboard ku-biba (bye)(1 17) - to plant, sow (small

seeds)

ku-batiza (je) - to baptize

umu-bibyi (aba-) - planter, sower

umu-batizo (no pI.) - baptism

ku-blha (-shye) - to be bitter, sour, taste

iki-baya (ibi-) - plain (near river, lake)

bad

ibya-baye - what happened

ku-bika (tse)(29) - to put away, store

ku-baza (jije)(44) - to ask (question)

ku-bika (tse) - to crow

ku-baza (je)(65) - to plane, carve wood

ku-bimba (mbye) ifuro - to froth at the

iki-bazo (ibi-) - question mouth



im-beba (im-)(38) - mouse, rat iki-bTndi (ibi-) - clay water pot

im-behe (im-) - bowl (made of wood) uru-bingo (im-) - reed, swamp of reeds

im-beho (im-) - cold (atmosphere) ku-bira (ze)(63) - to boil (int.)

aka-be mba (utu-)(85) - peanut, ground nut -biri (37) - two

guca ukubiri na- to be different from

umu-bembe (aba-) - leper



ibi-bembe (no sing.) - leprosy umu-biri (imi-)(76) - body, flesh



bene - like (esp. before pronoun; ben'ibi) Umu-birigi (Aba-) - Belgian



ku-bEmgerana (nye) - to shine, gleam Ubu-birigi - Belgium



im-bere (118) - inside, in front of , before ku-birindura (ye) - to roll along (tr.)

mu mbere - private room, place for iki-biriti (ibi-) - box of matches

honored guest

i-biro (i-) - dresser, desk, office

imi-bereho (no sing.) - actions, conduct, life,

well-being, lifestyle ku-bisa (shije) - to step aside (to allow

passage)

ku-berereka (tse) - to move aside to permit

passage -bisi (8) - raw, green, unripe, wet, fresh



i - besani (ama-) - basin i-bisi (i-) - bus



ku~biza (jije)(63) - to boil (tr.)

ku-beshya (shye)(58) - to lie, deceive, tell a

lie to

Page 5 bo-bur



bo (48) - they, them iki-buga (ibi-) - courtyard, playground



wa-bo (3) - their (wabo, babo, etc.) im-bugita (im-)(63) - knife



ku-bobera (ye) - to moisten bugufi (inv.) - near, near-by



im-boga (im-)(63) - vegetable, greens, ku-buguza Ue) - to play "igisoro" (cow

also, uruboga game)



im-bogo (im-) - buffalo buhoro (25) - slowly, slightly, gently



ku-boha (shye)(78) - to tie, bind, weave, buhoro buhoro (25) - little by little, gently,

knit carefully, slowly, so-so



im-bohe (im-) - prisoner bukeye (8, 119) - the next day, afterwards



ku-bohekanya (nye) - to braid, twist ku-bumba (mbye)(65) - to make bricks,

mold clay, to head up (as, cabbage)

ku-bohora (ye)(78) - to untie

i-bumba (no pI.) - clay

uku-boko (ama-)(32) - arm, might, front

leg of animal ku-bumbira (ye) - to unite, to put together



i-bombo (ama-) - candy i-bumoso (11 9) - on the left



bona (inv.) - even if im-bundo (im-) - infinitive



ku-bona (nye)(25) - to see, find, receive, ku-bunguka (tse) - to return from wandering

get

ku-hunza (nje) umutima - to be worried,

ku-boneka (tse) - to appear, be visible perplexed, anxious



ku-boneza Ue) - to make clean, pure; to make ku-bura (ze)(88) - to lack, not find, lose

pass through

uru-bura (no pl.)(114) - hail

im-boni (im-) - pupil of eye

ku-burana (nye) - to plead, defend oneself

gutera imboni - glance at

umunya-buranga (abanya-) - handsome,

ku-bora (ze)(80) - to rot, spoil beautiful person

ku-boroga (ze) - to howl, wail, yell (pain,

buri (41) - every, each

sorrow, etc.)

ku-burira (ye) - to warn

uru-bozo - kwica urubozo - to make die

slowly burundu - absolutely final, totally



umu-bu (imi-) - mosquito burya - then (remembered), in reality,

after all, such as he (it) is

bucya - the night before

bur-ce Page 6



i-buryo (11 9) - on the right byongeye kandi - furthermore, moreover,

and what's more

ku busa (103) - in vain, for nothing

ku-byUka (tse)(115) - to get up, rise up

im-buto (im-)(12) - seed, plant, fruit

(from lying position)

i-buye (ama-)(18) - stone, pebble

ku-byutsa (kije) - to lift up, help someone

ku-buyera (ye) - to wander about, be a getup

vagabond



ku-buyereza Ue) - to cause to wander about, c

cause to be avagabond

gu-ca (ciye)(65, 84) - to cut (as tree),

ku-buza (jije)(68) - to prevent, stop (tr.), sever, tear (tr.), pass along road, pick

prohibit, forbid (as corn)

byanciyeho - it escaped me, I negected to do

im-bwa (im-)(7) - dog it



bwangu (inv.) - quickly gu-ca iryera - to see someone briefly



ku-bwira (ye)(66) - to tell in-cabiti (in-)(65) - axe



ku-bwiriza Ue) - to preach, to incite to do gu-d3gagura (ye)(63) - to chop up

something, or act in a certain manner

gu-cagata (se) - to be half-filled

bwite - fully, truly, own (e.g. his own)

umu-camanza (aba-) - judge

ku-byara (ye)(89) - to give birth (to)

igi-camunsi (ibi-) - near sunset time

umu-byeyi (aba-)( 17) - parent

gu-cana (nye)(51) - to light, kindle, start a

ku-byibuha (shye)(112) - to be fat, stout fire



ku-byiga (ze) - to push, lean against ama-candwe - saliva, spit



ku-byTmba (mbye) - to swell umu-dinga (imi-)(65) - sand, gravel



iki-byimba (ibi-)(113) - boil, abcess umu-dinshuro (aba-) - mercenary, hired

person

umu-byTmba (imi-) - thickness, corpse

gu-capa - to print (as at press)

ku-byina (nye) - to dance (girls)

gu-capisha - to have printed

im-byiro (im-)(107) - soot, dirt (on body,

clothes) umu-ce (imi-) - small rug, mat



uru-byiruko (no pI.) - youth, young people igi-ce (ibi-)(62) - piece, part, half,

chapter, division

imi-byizi, iminsi ya - weekdays

Page 7 cec-cur



bu-cece - silently i-cukiro (ama-)(19) - manure heap



gu-ceceka (tse) - to be quiet, silent, stop igi-cuku (no pI.) - midnight

talking

gu-cukura (ye)(123) - to dig a hole

gu-cengera (ye) - to penetrate

igi-cuma (ibi-) - gourd

gu-cengeza (je) - to make penetrate, soak in

gu-cumba (mbye) - to forcibly twist

umu-ceri (no pI.) - rice

i-cumbi (ama-)(104) - guest room,

gu-clka (tse)(84) - to escape, break (int.), dormitory, temporary lodging place

to tear (int.)

gucika intege - to become discouraged,weak gu-cumbika (tse)(1 04) - to get lodging,

spend night away from home

gu-Cikura (ye) - to save from being wiped out

(as, family name) gu-cumbikira (ye) - to give lodging to



gu-c1kwa (tswe) - to make an error, gu-cumbukUra (ye) - to leave a lodging place

miscalculate i-cumi (37) - ten

ama-cinya - dysentery i-cumu (ama- )(19) - spear

gu-cira (ye) umugani - to tell a fable, gu-cumura (ye) - to sin

proverb

igi-cumuro (ibi-) - sin

igi-dro (ibi-)( 107) - price, value, worth

uru-cundo (in-) - swing (like children play

gu-cirwaho (weho) iteka - to be condemned in)



i-co (no pl.)(19) - dirt, filthiness i-cunga (ama)(91) - orange

umu-co (imi-) - custom, quality, virtue in-cungu (or, in-shungu)(in-) - ransom

igi-co (ibi-) - ambush gu-cungura (ye)(57) - to redeem, pay

ransom

gu-cogoza (je) - to weaken, discourage



wa-cu (3) - our (wacu, bacu, etc.) umu-cunguzi (aba-) - redeemer



igi-cu (ibi-) - cloud i-cupa (ama-) - bottle



igi-cucu (ibi-)(76, 115) - shade, shadow, gu-cura (ze) urugoma - to fool around, to

foolish person have a party



gu-cucuma (mye)(75) - to mash ibi-curane (no sing.)(26) - cold in head,

runny nose

gu-cugusa (shije) - to shake hard (tr.)

gu-curanga (nze) - to play an instrument

gu-cugutu (se) - to shake hard (tr.) (harp, piano)

cur-den Page 8



igi-curi (no pI.) - epilepsy uru-daca (no pI.) - long, interminable



aga-curi (no pI.) - cliff ama-dahano (no sing.) - perfumed ointment

(not often used)

gu-curika (tse) - to turn upside down

in-dahemuka - faithful one

gu-curuza (je) - to trade (make profit)

ku-dahemuka - to be faithful

umu-curOzi (aba-) - trader, merchant

daimoni (aba-) - demon

in-cuti (in-)( 43) - friend

kurangwaho ubucuti - to be friendly in-dakemwa (in-) - perfect



ubu-cuti (no pI.) - friendship i-dakika (ama-)(62) - minute



gu-cyaha (shye) - to rebuke, reprimand ku-damarara (ye) - to have luxury



cyane (inv.)(2) - very, much, exceedingly ama-darubindi - glasses (spectacles)



cyane cyane - especially, mostly in-das'ago (in-) - vaccination, scar from cut



cyangwa (55) - or iki-dasesa (ibi-) - woven grass mat, door

mat, solar energy panel

i-cyE"mda (37) - nine

data (ba data)(73) - my, our father

i-cyi (5e c1., no pI.) - dry season

(June-September) d~habuja (ba) - my, our master,

employer (male)

umu-cyo (imi-)(5) - light

databukwe (ba-) - my, our father-in-law

gu-cyocyora (ye) - to jest, poke fun at

rnabukwe - my, our mother-in-law

gu-cyura (ye) - to send back, lead home nyokobukwe - your mother-in-law

(cows) nyirabukwe - his, her, their mother-in-

gucyura umugore - to marry woman who law

has left husband, bring back one's wife s6bukwe - your father-in-law

who had left sebukwe - his, her, their father-in-law



gu-cyurira (ye) umuntu - to taunt, data wacu (wanyu, wabo) - paternal uncle

constantly remind one of his faults

de - exceedingly white

gu-cyuya (ye) - to fade ku-dedemanga (nze) - to babble, speak

indistinctly



D in-dege (in-) - airplane

in-da (in- )(105) - louse in-dembe (in-) - a dying person

in-da (in-)(104) - stomach, pregnancy i-denariyo (ama-) - denarius (Roman coin)

Page 9 den-end



umu-dendezo (no pl.) - liberty, freedom E



ubu-deshyi (no pl.) - idleness, laziness w-e (3) - his, her (we, be, ye, etc.)



umu-digaferi (imi-) - loquat ebyiri (37) - two (with 3rd & 6th eL)



in-dimu (in- )(91) - lemon, orange kw-egamira (ye) - to lean against (ref. to

person)

ku-dlndiza (-je) - to hinder progress

kw-egeka (tse) - to lean against

in-diri (in-) - interior, den

k w -e~ra (reye)(106) - to draw near,

in-dirimbo (in-)(31) - song, hymn

approach

i-dirishya (ama-)(77) - window

kw-egereza (je) - to bring near, cause to

in-dobo (in- )(63) - pail, bucket approach



ku-doda (ze)(83) - to sew urw-ego (inz-) - ladder

uru-dodo (in-) - thread kw-eguka (tse) - to straighten up

in-dogoba (in-) - donkey kw-egukira (ye) - to turn toward (e.g. to

God), turn one's desires toward

umu-domo (imi-) - jug



aka-domo (utu-) - something very tiny, kw-egurira (ye) - to give completely to

punctuation mark kwiYegurira Imana - to give oneself to God,

to live for God

dore - look, here is (are) ...

kw-egurirwa Imana - to be holy

in-dorerwamo (in-) - mirror, glasses (eye)

ejo (29) - tomorrow, yesterday

ku-dudubiza (je) - to well up, spring up ejo bundi - day after tomorrow, day before

(water, blood) yesterday



imi-dugararo (no sing.) - noise, confusion, mw-embi (61) - both of you

disorder (hinders work) tw-embi - both of us



umu-dugudu (imi-) - city, town kw-emera (ye)(36) - to agree to, accept,

consent, admit, be willing

i-duka (ama-) - store, shop

kw-enda (nze) - to take, accept, be about to

i-dukuru (ama-) - store, shop

umw-enda (imy-)( 5) - clothing, garment,

in-duru (in-) - cry of alarm cloth

in-dwara (in-)(17) - illness, sickness

umw-enda (imy-)(5) - debt

in-dyanisha murizo - scorpion

icy-enda - nine

in-dyankwi (in- )(65) - axe

am-endeze (no pl.) - harbinger, precursor,

ene-fot Page 10



incipience eshatu (37) - three (with 3rd & 6th c1.)



mw-ene (bene)(l 01) - son of (first c1.) esheshatu (37) - six (with 3rd & 6th c1.)

mwene se (nyina) - brother, sister

umw-ete (no pl.)(82) - zeal, interest,

enthusiasm

umw-ene (ab-) gihugu - citizen, national

kugira umwete - to be zealous, earnest

kw-enga (nze) - to make beer

kw-eza Ueje)(112) - to make white, pure

umw-enge (imy-) - hole (in cloth, pot,

object), eye of needle am-eza (no pl.)(19) - table



ukw-ezi (am-)(32) - month, moon

ubw-enge (no pl.)(27) - wisdom,

ukwezi kwa mbere - January, etc.

intelligence

(for Rwanda names of months, see Eng.)

enye (37) - four (with 3rd & 6th c1.)

ukw-ezwa (no pl.)(112) - holiness, purity

kw-era (ze)(112) - to bear (fruit), ripen, of heart

be white, pure



umw-ere (no pI.) - white, innocent F



k w -ereka (tse)(35) - to show i-faranga (ama-)(18) - franc, money



kw-erekana (nye) - to show (tr.) igi-faransa (no pI.) - French language



kw-erekera (ye) - to turn toward, to be about gu-fasha (shije)(22) - to help

e.g. mvuga ibyerekeye... I'm talking

gu-fata (she)(38) - to take hold of, grasp,

about...

seize, catch, treat (someone-manner)

e.g. amufata neza - he's good (kind) to

ibw-erekeza - the back end of a boat

him

icy-erekezo (iby-) - direction

gu-fatanya (nije) - to cooperate, have

kw-ererana (nye) - to be very white fellowship



urw-ererane - dazzling whiteness i-feza (ama-) - money, silver

umw-ero (imy-) - maturity, harvest Hi (ama-)( 11) - fish

kw-erura (ye) - to make plain, emphasize gu-finda (nze) - to cast lots

kw-esa (esheje) umunyana - to succeed in -fite (no past, no inf.)(2) - have, has

part, but fail in part

gu-fobora (ye) - to speak plainly, clearly

kw-esa (she) - to throw down

gu-fora (ye) - to aim at, guess

ese - word used to ask question

gu-fotora (ye) - to take a picture (with

eshanu (37) - five (with 3rd & 6th c1.) camera)

Page 1 1 fu-gan



i-fu (i-)(1 1) - flour, powder ku-gaba (bye) - to give (to an inferior), put

forth (as branches)

ama-fu - cool at end of day, or at daybreak,

coolness umu-gabane (imi-) - part, (esp. part

received)

gu-fudika (tse) - to err, make a mistake

ku-gabanuka (tse) - to diminish (int.)

umu-fuka (imi-)(88) - sack, pocket, purse,

bag ku-gabanya (nije) - to divide



umu-fundi (aba-)(56) - mason, skilled ku-gabiza Ue) - to turn someone over to

workman police, etc.



gU-fUnga (nze)(Sw.) - to close, shut in-gabo (in-) - army, soldiers



gu-fungana (nye)(1 12) - to be narrow umu-gabo (aba-)(1) - man (married),

husband, witness (male or female)

igi-fungo (ibi-) - button

ku-gaburira (ye) - to feed, distribute food

gu-fungura (ye)(Sw.) - to open

ku-gaga (ze) - to be spoiled (of cooked food)

gu-fungura (ye) - to eat, have a meal

ku-gagaza Ue) - to make stiff, stiffen

i-funguro (ama-) - a meal

ku-gambana (nye) - to betray

uru-funguzo (im-)(24) - key, bottle opener

umu-gambi (imi-) - plan, project

im-fungwa (im-) - prisoner

ku-gambirira (riye) - to decide, determine,

i-funi (ama-) - worn out hoe

plan, plan for

gu-funyanga (nze) - to knead (bread), to kick

in womb (baby) -gamije (no infinitive, no other form) - to

have for a purpose

uru-funzo (im-) - green papyrus, swamp e.g. Agamije iki? - What is his purpose,

aim?

i-hira (or, ifuru)(i-)( 63) - stove

in-gamiya (in-) - camel

im-fura (im-) or impfura (104) - first-

born, nobleman, person of good manners ku-gana (nnye) - to go forward



i-furo (no pI.) - froth, foam umu-gana (imi-) - herd (of pigs only)



im-furuka (im-) - corner (of room, house) in-ganda (in-) - factory



i-futi (ama-) - mistake umu-ganda (imi-) - group service



iki-gande (ibi-) - disobedient person

G

in-gando (in-) - temporary shelter, hut

aka-ga (no pI.) - (see: ak-aga)

gan-ge n Page 12



umu-ganga (aba-)(52) - doctor ku-garuka (tse)(29) - to return, come back



ubu-ganga (no pI.) - fever, malaria in-garuka (in-) - results, repercussions,

consequences

umu-gani (imi- )(71) - proverb, parable

guca umugani - to tell proverb, parable uru-garyi (no pI.) - short dry season,

December and January

ku-ganTra (riye)(94) - to visit, converse

with ku-gashya (shije) - to row



iki-gan"iro (ibi-) - conversation in-gashyi (in-) - paddle, oar



in-gano (in-)(63) - wheat in-gata (in-) - grass pad for carrying load on

head

ingano, kutagira - to be measureless

iki-gata (ibi-) - wheel

ku-ganya (nye) - to moan, groan, wail, grieve

umu-gati (imi-)(4)(Sw.) - bread

ama-ganya (no sing.) - complaints, worries,

anxiety na gato - not at all



ku-ganyira (ye) - to complain, fret haba na gato - not at all



ku-ganza (je) - to rout, conquer, utterly ku-gaya (ye)(84) - to scorn, despise

defeat

umu-gayo (imi-) - blame

iki-ganza (ibi-)(94) - hand

in-gemu (in-) - sum paid to witchdoctor

uru-gara (in-) - brim, edge of cup

ku-gena (nnye) - to plan for, decide

ku-garagara (ye) - to be visible, evident

ku-genda (giye)(1) - to go, walk (no name of

ku mu-garagaro - openly, publicly place follows), leave



ku-garagaza (je) - to make visible, evident ku-gendagenda (nze) - to go for a walk



umu-garagu (aba-)(124) - male servant ku-gendana (nye) - to go with, accompany



in-garagu (in-) - young single person uru-gendo (in-)(71) - journey

(usually male)

ku-genera (ye) - to destine for (e.g. a certain

ku-garama (mye) - to be flat, lie flat, be lazy use)



in-garane (in-) - compost pit ubu-genere - plan, purpose, destiny

(destination)

i-gare (ama-) - bicycle, pram

ku,.genga (nze) - to govern, command,

-gari (8) - wide, broad

supervise

ubu-gari (no pI.) - width

in-gengabihe (in-) - schedule

Page 13 9 e n- 9 i r



ku-gengarara (ye) - to head up (grain) ikigero cyose - all ages



umu-gengararo (imi-) - head of grain uru-gero (in-) - example, measure

(before filled out)

ku-gesa (she)(99) - to harvest millet

umu-geni (aba-) - bride

in-gese (in-) - rust

ka-geni, bene ako - like that way (manner) of

doing in-geso (in- )(71) - trait, habit,

characteristic

ibi-geni, bene ibyo - like that way (manner)

of doing ku-geza Ueje) - to end with, until, reach,

cause to arrive

ku-genza Ue) - to treat, behave towards, spy kugeza aho (99) - until (with verb)

on uhereye...kugeza... ~ from...to...



ku-genzereza Ue) - to find a chance to "get" umu-gezi (imi-) - stream

somebody

i-gi (ama-)(18) - egg

imi-genzereze - how one lives, habitual way umu-gi (imi-) - insect egg (esp. flea)

of acting

umu-gi (imi-) - city

mu-genzi (ba-) - companion, friend, mate

(in pair of things) uru-gi (see: ur-ugi)



umu-genzi (aba-) - traveller gihe ki? - when? at what time?



in-genzi (in-) - important, valuable ku-gimba (mbye) - to be dull

e.g. ikintu cy'ingenzi - an important thing ku-gingimira (ye) - to stutter, stammer

umu-genzo (imi-) - habit, practice, custom ku-gingimiranya (nije) - to hesitate, be

fearful

ku-genzura (ye) - to oversee, spy on, to test

(see: 1 Tes. 2:4) ubuegingo (no pl.)(27) e life

ku-gera (ze)(31, 96) - to arrive, measure, ku-gira (ze)(29) - to have, do, make

weigh, reach a certain point of time

ku-gira (riye) inama - to counsel, advise

ku-gerageza Ue)(102) - to try, test, tempt, kw-Tgfra inama - to counsel together

attempt

ku-gira ngo (50) - so that, in order that, to

ku-gereka (tse) - to place on top of something suppose that, think

else

bi-girankana - intentionally, on purpose

umu-gereka (imi-) - supplementary (usually something bad)



ku-gereranya (nije) - to compare, estimate imi-girire - manner of doing, working, acting

iki-gero (ibi-) - age

gir-gum Page 14



iki-girwamana (ibi-) - idol ku-g5ra (ye) - to be difficult, troublesome



umu-gisha (imi-)(6) - blessing ku-gorama (mye) - to be crooked



in-gisha (in-) - charm, fetish in-gorane (in-) - problem, difficulties



iki-gize cya nkana - intentionally umu-gore (aba-)( 1) - woman (married),

wife

ubu-gizi bwa nabi - evil acts

iki-gori (ibi-)( 15) - corn, maize

uru-go (in-)(23) - kraal, enclosure, home,

homestead ku-goroba (bye) - to become evening



ku-goboka (tse) - to go to the help of someone, umu-goroba (imi-)(29) - evening (2:00-

aid (unexpectedly) 6:00), usually: ni mugoroba



in-goboka (in-) - unexpected help i-gorofa (ama-) - story (of house)



in-gobyi (in-) - hammock, stretcher, ku-gorora (ye) - to make straight

placenta, skin used to tie baby on back

in-gororano (in-) - recompense, reward

in-gofero (in- )(39) - hat

ku-gororera (reye) - to recompense, reward

umu-gogo (imi-)( 115) - log, foot-bridge,

ku-gororoka (tse) - to be straight, righteous

small bridge

ama-gorwa (no sing.)(43) - troubles,

ku-goma (mye) - to openly rebel, revolt, difficulties

disobey

ku-gorwa (we)(112) - to be unfortunate

in-goma (in-)( 12) - drum, reign

ku-gota (se) - to surround, hem in, encircle

ka-goma (3rd c1.) - eagle

in-goyi (in-) - bonds

ku-gomba (mbye)(93) - must, must have, to

lack, need umu-gozi (imi-)(6) - string, rope, cord



in-gombwa (in-) - something essential, ku-gubwa neza (guwe)(85) - to be rich,

necessary fortunate, have pleasant experience



umu-gome (aba-) - rebel -gufi (8) - short, low, shallow



ubu-gome (no pI.) - revolt, rebellion bu-gufi - near

bugufi bwa... - near something

uru-gomo (in-), gucura - to p~ay with

others, fool around, have'C:a party i-gufwa (ati1a-)(113) - bone



umu-g6ngo (imi-) - back (of person, animal) ku-guma (mye)(33) - to stay, remain

kuba mu mugongo - to have period

(female) uru-guma (in-)(88) - wound

Page 15 gun-hag



i~gunira (ama-) ~ sack, burlap iki~gwi (ibi-) - stead, place



ku~gura (ze)(25) - to buy ku~gwira (riye) - to multiply (int.)



ku-gurana (nye) - to borrow, exchange ku-gwira (riye) isari - to faint from hunger

(actual article to be replaced)

ku-gwiza (jije) - to multiply (tr.)

i-guriro (ama-) - market place



ku~gurisha (shije)(25) - to sell H



ku-guriza (je) - to borrow, lend (article to gu-ha (haye)(57) - to give to

be replaced)

gu~haba (bye) - to wander about without hope

uku~guru (ama~ )(32) - leg of finding the way, be lost



in~gurube (in-)(52) ~ pig gu-habuka (tse) ~ to find the way after being

lost

ku~guruka (tse) ~ to fly

gu-habwa (hawe)(85) - to be given, receive

in-gurumira (in-) y'umuriro ~ fever

hafi (4 7) ~ near, nearby

ku~gusha (shije) ~ to cause to fall

gu~haga (ze)(117) - to eat a lot, be satisfied

ku-guza (jije) ~ to lend, borrow (esp.

money) gu-hagarara (ze)(68) - to stand, stop (int.),

wait

ama-guzanyo (no sing.) - loan

gu-hagararira (ye) - to represent, be in

iki~guzi (ibi-) ~ price

place of another temporarily

in~gwa (in-) - chalk, lime

gu-hagarika (tse)(68) - to stop (tr.)

ku-gwa (guye)(48) - to fall as car, person



ku-gwa mu kantu - to be dumbfounded, gu-hagarika umutima - to be very troubled,

nonplussed, discouraged, troubled frightened, anxious



ku-gwa agacuho - to be exhausted (from ubu-hagarike (no pI.) - height

work)

hagati (118) - in the middle, midst

ku~gwa gitumo ~ to surprise, grab

unexpectedly ~hagije (no pres. form) - to be sufficient,

enough

umu~gwaneza (aba~) ~ kind, gentle person e.g. birahagije - it's enough



ubu-gwaneza (no pI.) ~ kindness, gentleness uru~hago (imp-) - bladder, small woven sack



in-gwe (in-)(76) ~ leopard gu-haguruka (tse)(68) ~ to stand up

hag-han Page 16



gu-hagurutsa (kije) - to cause one to stand neighborhood



gu-haha (shye) - to buy (esp. food), go to gu-hanagura (ye)( 106) - to dust, rub,

buy, look for food polish, wipe off



gu-hakana (nye) - to deny, refuse umu-handa (imi-) - road

hakuno (118) - on this side of (body of water, uru-hande (impande)(119) - side

valley) iruhande ya - beside



hakurya (118) - on other side of (water or ama-hane (no sing.) - quarrel, dispute,

valley) sauciness



gu-hama (mye) - to remain, stay gu-h~lnga(nze) - to introduce something

guhanga umuntu - to possess, enter into

gu-hamagara (ye)(66) - to call



gu-hamba (mbye) - to bury gu-hanga (nze) - invent, create, begin



gu-hambira (riye) - to tie up, wrap umu-hanga (aba-) - skilled person



gu-hambuka (tse) - to be loosed, untied igi-hanga (ibi-) - head (of something dead)



i-hambwa - burial ama-hanga (sing. ishyanga) - foreign

country, nation, peoples

mu ru-hame (no pI.) - publicly, in a meeting

uru-hanga (imp-) - forehead

gu-hamiriza Ue) - to witness to, to dance the

war (intore) dance ubu-hanga (no pI.) - skill



hamwe (11 9) - together, at one place gu-hangana (nye) - to withstand, face

someone

hamwe na hamwe - here and there, at some

places gu-hangana amaso - to stare at each other



gu-hamya (mije) - to witness, affirm, testify igi-hangange (ibi-) - giant



gi-hamya - proof, evidence gu-hangara (ye) - to dare (to do something

bad), to harm

ubu-hamya (no pI.) - witness (words), e.g. bumva ko nta cyabahangara - they feel

testimony that nothing can hurt them



impamyabushobozi (im-) - diploma gu-hangayika (tse) - to be anxious, worried



gu-hana (nnye)(57) - to punish, scold umu-hango (imi-) - custom, ceremony,

ritual

gu-hana (nye) - to abandon

i-hangu - amanywa y'ihangu - sunny time of

gu-hana (nye)(57) - to give to each other day

umu-hana (imi- )(92) - locality,

Page 17 han-hem



gu-hanguka (tse) - to pass away, to end dry gu-hata (se)(63) - to peel with knife

season

gu-hata (se) - to force, compel

gu-hangwaho (zweho) - to be possessed by

umu-hati (no pI.) - zeal, earnestness,

gu-hanika (tse) - to be superior courage

e.g. ishuri rihanitse - higher school

amafaranga ahanitse - a great deal of hatinze - with delay, late, later on

money

hato, hatoya ~ later on (same day)

umu-hanjuzi (aba-) - trader, merchant

hato na hato - again and again, repeatedly

hano (12) - here, this place

gu-haza (gije) - to satisfy, be sufficient,

igi-hano (ibi- )(93) - punishment enough



gu-hanuka (tse) - to fall from above igi-haza (ibi-) pumpkin, marrow



gu-hanDra (ye)(106) - to warn, advise he? (12) - where? (in questions only)

(gently), counsel, scold, prophesy, hehe? - where?

foretell

-he? (97) - which? (in questions only)

umu-han-Ozi (aba-) - prophet, seer

igi-he (ibi-)(43) - time, at the time when

hanyuma (61) - afterwards

hanyuma ya - inferior to gu-heba (bye)(88) - to fail to find, not find



umu-heha (imi-) - water pipe, hollow straw

hanze (14) - outside (of a house)

gu-heheta (se) - to lust strongly

gu-hara (ze) - to give up something loved

hejuru (118) - on the top, on high, above

gu-haranira (ye) - to strive for

gu-heka (tse) - to carryon one's back, on a

uru-hare (no pI.) - place, part, participation

stretcher, give a ride

kugira uruhare - to have a part in

gu-hekenya (nye) - to chew

hari (12) - there is, are

hariho - there exist(s) igi-heko (ibi-) - charm, fetish

hEi riho - once upon a time there was

gu-hemba (mbye)(43) - to pay (for work

harTya (1 2) - over there done)



haruguru (118) - higher up, up there i-hembe (ama-) (45) - horn (of animal)

gu-harura (ye) - to scrape, scratch, dig just imi-hemberwe - salaries

top of soil

igi-hembo (ibi-) - wage, salary

hasi (33) - on the ground, floor, bottom

igi-hembwe (ibi-) - quarter (of year),

trimester

hem-hin Page 18



umu-hemu (aba-) - dishonest person gu-herekeza (je) - to escort, accompany

(doesn't do what's agreed upon)

im-perekeza (im-) - friend of bridegroom

ubu-hemu - dishonesty (best man)



gu-hemuka (tse) - to be unfaithful, to fail gu-hererana (nye) - to be beside, near (of

someone, be dishonest places)



gu-hemura (ye) - to treat very badly, kill gu-hererekanya (nije) - to transmit from one

to another

gu-henda (nze)(50) - to deceive, extort,

overcharge ubu-heri (no pI.) - itch, scabies



gu-hendahenda (nze) - to beg earnestly, try to gu-heruka (tse) - to be last, come last, have

persuade, to quiet, calm someone done recently

e.g. sindaheruka kukubona - I haven't

ibi-hendo (no sing.) - deceitfulness seen you recently



gu-hEmduka (tse) - to be a bargain, cheap gu-herutsa (kije) - to have or make come last

i-hene (ihene)(1 1) - goat umu-heto (imi-) - bow (as with arrows)

ama-henehene - goat's milk gu-heza (jeje) - to send away, refuse

permission to enter

henga (or, hfnga) - let, come on, very well,

just a minute

mu muhezo - entrance forbidden

e.g. Nta nama zibera mu muhezo. - No

umu-hengeri (no pI.) - purple (not used

committees are private (excluding

much)

anyone).

umu-hengeri (imi-) - storm on water

gu-hTga (ze)(1 15) - to hunt for game

imu-hengeri - in the middle (or depth) of

gu-hlhibikana (nye) - to follow earnestly

lake

after

ama-henure - very short dress

gu-himba (mbye) - invent, write (poem,

e.g. umwenda w'amahenure

story)

hepfo (118) - lower down, below

gu-himbaza (je)(124) - to praise

gu-hera (reye) - to start with (from), to

gu-hina (nnye) - to sum up, give resume, fold

give to arms, bend knees

gu-hera (ze) - to come to an end, be last, aga-hinda (no pl.)(26) - sorrow, grief

disappear

gu-hinda (nze) - to thunder

aga-hera (udu-) - little finger guhinda umushitsi - to shake, tremble

gu-herako (hereyeko) - to immediately...

Page 19 hin-hor



gu-hindaga (ze) - to thunder hTrya no hino - hither and yon, to and fro



Umu-hindi (Aba-) - Hindu, Indian gu-hisha (she)(103) - to hide (tr.)



umu-hindo (no pI.) - rainy season gu-hlsha (shije)(9Z) - to ripen, burn (tr.)

(Sept-Nov)

gu-hishura (ye) - to reveal

gu-hinduka (tse) - to change, become, be

changed umu-hisi (aba-) - passer-by



gu-hita (se) - to pass by (a certain place)

gu-hindukira (ye)(98) - to turn around

(int. ) gu-hitamo (semo) - to choose



gu-hindukiza (je)(98) - to turn around (tr.) gu-hitwa (swe) - to have diarrhea



gu-hindura (ye) - to change (tr.) h5be - greetings, hello



gu-hinga (nze)(1) - to cultivate, hoe, dig gu-hobera (ye) - to embrace (arm across the

back)

gu-hinguka (tse) - to arrive

gu-hoberana (nye) - to embrace each other

gu-hTngutsa (kije) - to place, cause to appear

(as in court) umu-hoberano (imi-) - hug



umu-hini (imi-) - hoe handle hogi - (or, nimuhogi)(usually followed by

tugende) - come on, let's go

uru-hfnja (impinja)(Z4) - infant (up to one

month) umu-hogo (imi-) - throat



hino (118) - on this side (of certain place) i-hoho (no pI.) - excellence, superbness



gu-hinyuka (tse) - to displease, disappoint, gu-homa (mye) - to plaster

be unfaithful

gu-homba (mbye) - to suffer loss (esp.

gu-hinyura (ye) - to scorn, criticize (in a financial)

bad way)

igi-hombo (ibi-) - deficit, loss

umu-hTnzi (aba-) - gardener, cultivator

gu-homboka (tse) - to speak without thinking

imu-hira (no pl.)(1 1) - at home

gu-hondagura (ye) - to knock down, smash

gu-hirika (tse) - to turn upside down, push

umu-hondo (no pI.) - yellow

away

gu-honga (nze) - to change expression (due to

gu-hTrwa (riwe) - to be fortunate, blessed bad news), to wilt

ama-hlrwe - good fortune, blessing

gu-honoka (tse) - to survive (a calamity)

hTrya (118) - beyond (a certain place) gu-hora (ze)(1 1Z) - to always, continually,

to cool (int.), be quiet

hor-hum Page 20





gu-hora (ye) - to avenge i-huguriro (ama-) - workshop, place of

counsel

gu-horera (reye) - to make sound like

approaching rain gu-huguza (je) - to seize property of another



ama-horo (no sing.)(19) - peace (often used gu-huha (shye) - to blow (as wind)

in greetings)

gu-huhwa (shywe) - to be light (weight)

i-horo (ama-) - rent, pay for trip (as in

gu-huma (mye) - to be blind

boat), fare

gu-humagurika (tse) - to be totally blind

gu-horota (se) - to be thin

gu-humana (nye) - to be defiled (by breaking

hose (41) - everywhere taboo), have skin disease (supposedly

caused by breaking taboo)

gu-hosha (sheje) - to stop, prevent (esp. of

something strong, as battle, argument,

gu-humanuka (tse) - to become clean

etc.)

gu-humanura (ye) - to make ceremonially

hoshi! - be off with you!

clean (as after breaking taboo)

gu-hotora (ye) - to twist cords, wring the

neck gu-humanya (nije) - to make unclean, defile



aga-humbagiza (udu-) - million

gu-hoza (jeje) - to receive fare, rent

aga-humbi (udu-) one hundred thousand

igi-hu (ibi-) - fog, haze

igi-humbi (ibi-) - thousand

igi-hu (ibi-) - eggshell

uru-humbu (no pI.) - mold, mildew

uru-hu (impu)(24) - skin, hide

gu-humeka (tse)(122) - to breathe

gu-hubuka (tse) - to fall from above, to

crowd gu-humiriza (je) - to close the eyes



gu-huga (ze) - to forget for the moment, be gu-humuka (tse) - to regain sight

busy

gu-humura (ye) - to smell, good or bad

gu-hugirwa (we) - to be busy, occupied

gu-humura (ye) - to restore sight

igi-hugu (ibi-)(13) - country, region

gu-humura (ye) - to be comforted, be quiet

ama-hugu - pillage, robbing gu-humuriza (je) - to comfort, console,

gu-huguka (tse) - to be intelligent, skilled, encourage

capable

gu-humuza (je) - to flavor, make (taste,

gu-hugura (ye) - to arouse, inform, urge to smell) good

correct one's ways

Page 21 hum-ica



gu-hLimuza (je) - to be concluded, ended (as i-hwa (ama-)(1 11) - thorn

meeting)

igi-hwayihwayi (ibi-) - thing that is

igi-huna (ibi-) - a kind of bananas voluminous but light in weight



ga-hunda (no pI.) - program, system, gu-hwema (mye) - to cease, grow weary,

organization, orderliness, list rest, relax



i-hundo (ama-) - head of grain (esp. Kaffir

corn)



gu-hunga (nze)(98) - to flee i (1 1) - to, at, from



umu-hungu (aba-)( 1) - boy, son kw-lba (bye)(S8) - to steal, steal from



gu-hungura (ye) - to shell (as corn) kw-1bagirwa (we)(36) - to forget



gu-hungura (ye) - to marry brother's widow kw-lbana (nye) - to live alone



gu-hunika (tse) - to store crops in granary kw":ibanda (nze) ku - to concentrate on, give

oneself wholly to

gu-hunikira (ye) - to nod (sleepy) also: kwlbanda kurya... to be very fond of

a food

igi-hunyira (ibi-) - owl

kw-ibiza (je) - to put in water and take out

gu-hunza (je) amaso - to turn away one's

(only of part of body, person)

eyes

icy-ibo (iby-)(97) - small, flat basket (no

gu-hDra (ye) - to meet

lid)

ubu-hura (no pI.) - little insects that

supposedly make honey ubw-ibone (no pI.) - pride



kw-ibuka (tse)(36) - to remember, recall

i-huriro (ama-) - meeting place, similarity

ihuriro ryo kunagura - workshop n-Tbura - at least



igi-huru (ibi-) - thick bush, scrub by.:'ibura - at least



gu-hurura (ye) - to go out against (as kw-iburanya (nije) - to question, reason

soldiers), run out with crowd about



ama-hurunguru - goat manure kw-ibutsa (kije) - to remind



uru-hushya (impushya)(108) - permission, kw':ibwira (ye) - to think

time off, vacation, rest

gusaba uruhushya - to ask for time off kw-Tca (ishe)(SO) - to kill



Umu-hutu (aba-) - one of ethnic groups umw-icanyi (ab-)(101) - murderer

among Banyarwanda kw-1cara (ye)(96) - to sit down

i c i - ij i Page 22



kw-Tcira (ye) - to kill for kw-Tgisha (shije)(35) - to teach



icy-iciro (iby-) - group, section (as, group umw-igisha (ab- )(2) - teacher

assigned to certain task, but not a

permanent group), session imy-igishirize (no sing.) - manner of

teaching

kw-Tcisha (shije) - to cause to kill

iny-Tgisho (iny-) - doctrines, teachings

kw-icuma (mye) - to go ahead, move on a bit

further icy-Tgisho (iby-) - lesson, teachings



kw-icunda (nze) - to swing (as child) umw-lgishwa (ab-)(2) - pupil, student



icyakora - however kw-igomwa (mwe) - to give up, sacrifice,

fast

kw-Tfasha (shije) - to help oneself

kw-ihana (nnye)(35) - to repent, confess

kw-=ifata (she) - to behave

kw-ihandagaza - to be (or make oneself)

imy-lfatire (no sing.) - behavior, conduct apparent, obvious

umw-ifato (imy-) - behavior, conduct kw-Thangana (nye)(91) - to be patient,

kw-"ffubika (tse) - to cover oneself with, endure

wrap around oneself

kw-Thangiriza (je) - to warn, threaten

kw':ifuza (je)(ll7) - to covet, long for, (as, warn not to tell)

desire

umw-lhariko (imy) - personal property

kw-lga (ze)(35) - to learn, study kw':iharira (ye) - to be special, for a special

kw-igana (nye) - to imitate purpose

e.g igitabo cyihariye - aspecial book, not

kw-Tganyira (ye) - to worry, be anxious like others



kw-lgaragura (ye) - to thrash around (as kw-iheba (bye) - to despair

sick person does)

kw':fherera (reye) - to be alone

kw-Tgendera (ye) - to go by oneself

kw-ihorera (reye) - to be silent, leave

ubw-igenge (no pI.) - independence someone alone (i.e. not bother)



kw-igera (ze) - to have ever (e.g. sinTgeze kw-ihugura (ye) - to find out, learn, be

mbona... - I've never seen), to reach informed

(esp. time)

kw-Thuta (se) - to hurry

kw-igerezaho (jeho) - to be presumptuous,

daring urw-1jiji (no pI.) - haze



imy-igire (no sing.) - manner of study kw':ijima (mye) - to be dark, get dark,

appear sad

Page 23 ij i - i r i



umw-ljima (no pl.)(S) - darkness, liver ino (62) - here, in this vicinity



kw-ljujuta (se) - to murmur (discontent) :inshi (8) - much, many

ubw-lnshi - quantity

kw-lkanyiza (je) - to be selfish, stingy

kw-inuba (bye) - to complain

iki? (22) - what?

kw-inyagambura (ye) - to move (int.)

iki - this

iry-Tnyo (amenyo)(18) - tooth

kw-ikira (ye) - to get into boat

kw-Tra (je) - to get late (in day), get dark

kw-=ikorera (ye) - to carryon head

e.g. burije - it's getting late, dark

kw-ikubita (se) imbere - to fall down before

(in respect) inz-ira (inz-)(17) - path, way



ubw4ra (no pI.) - haste

kw:ikubura (ye) - to withdraw quickly

kugira ubwira - to be in a hurry

kw-=ikunda (nze) - to love oneself

kw-irabura (ye) - to be black

kw-lma (mye) - to withhold, refuse to give

ubw-irakabiri - eclipse, darkness in daytime

by-Tmazeyo - finally, once and for all,

ubw-Trase - pride

completely

kw-Trata (se) - to boast, be proud

imbere (see: im-bere)

kw-iregura (ye) - to defend oneself (against

icy-imbo (iby-) - stead, place accusation)

e.g. mu cyimbo eye - in his place

kw-lrenga (nze) - to strongly affirm (with a

kw-lmuka (tse) - to move (as, dwelling) certain arm gesture)

bimukiyemo - they moved to

bTmutsemo - they moved from kw.:jrengagiza (je) - to neglect, overlook,

procrastinate

urw-Tna (inz-) - big hole in ground (esp.

underground oven for making bananas ah-Trengeye - a high place

ripen)

kw-Trenza (nje) - to throw behind one's back

kW";Tnangira (ye) umutima - to harden one's

heart kw-Trimbisha (shije) - to wash and comb

oneself

kw.:jnezeza (jeje) - to please oneself, enjoy

oneself kw-Trinda (nze) - to keep, guard yourself

from, be careful

kw-lnginga (nze)(S9) - to beseech, plead

with kw-iringira (ye) - to trust, rely on, hope,

expect

kw-injira (ye)(38) - to enter

iri-it w Page 24



icy-Tringiro (iby-) - hope. expectation sense of "to name")



ubw-Tringiro (no pI.) - hope, trust, kw-itaba (bye)(75) - to answer (when

confidence called)



umw-frondoro (imy-) - description (e.g. kw-ltanga (nze) - to give oneself, self-

personal information) surrender



kw-iroha (shye) - to rush upon, push kw-Ttarura (ye) - to separate oneself,

distance oneself

ubw-Tru (no pI.) - secret (stronger word

than ibanga), mystery

ubw.:Tteganirize (no pI.) - pension

kw-Truka (tse)(72) - to run icy-1tegererezo (iby-) - example, model

kw-Trukana (nye) - to chase away, run after kw-Ttegereza (je) - to look at intently

kw-Trukanka (nze) - to run very fast kw-ltema (mye)(69) - to cut oneself

(as finger) - nitemye urutoke

kw-isegura (ye) - to lie on pillow, to

apologize (before accusation)

umw-Ttero (imy-) - cloth women wear over

shoulder

kw-Tshima (mye)(103) - to be happy, glad,

rejoice, be satisfied

kw-ltonda (nze)(67) - to be careful, cautious

iby-Tshimo - joy, gladness kw-Ttondera (ye) - to keep, obey (law,

command), pay attention to, be careful

ubw-Tshingizi (no pI.) - backing, support

about

kuba afite ubwfshingizi - to be bonded

kw-Ttonganya (nije) - to fuss, complain (as

kw-lshisha (she) - to fear, mistrust

baby)

kw-Tshyura (ye)(124) - to repay, make

restitution, pay debt kw-ltotomba (mbye) - to complain



kw-Ttoza (-jeje) - to exercise, practice,

urnw..:rshywa (ab-) - nephew, niece (child of

inculcate

a man's sister)

kw-Ttsamura (ye) - to sneeze

kw-fsomera (ye) - to read for oneself

ak-Ttso (utw-) - period (punctutation),

imy':isozi (no sing.) - tears

comma

kw-Tsukura (ye) - to cleanse, purify oneself

kw-Ttuga, amafaranga yo - bribe

kw-Tsuzuma (mye) - to examine oneself

kw-Ttura (ye) umuntu ineza - to return a

kw-lta (itaye)(83) - to pay attention to, care kindness

for (usually: kw'ita ku..., or kwftaho) or, kwrtura... inabi - to return an evil



kw-Tta (se)(83) - to name, call (only in kw.:rtwararika (tse) - to be concerned about

Page 25 itw-jug



umw-ltwarariko (imy-) - responsibility, kw-Tzihiza Ue) - to celebrate, cause to

concern rejoice



urw-itwazo (inz-) - excuse

J

kw-Tvovota (se) - to complain, murmur

umu-ja (aba-)(124) - female servant

kw-1yaka (tse) - to deprive oneself of

ku-jabika (tse) - to put in water (and then

kw-iyama (mye) - to rebuke, warn take out, as fingers)

kw:iyandarika (tse) - to be careless in

i-jambo (amagambo)(18) - word

personal appearance

i-jana (amagana)(38) - hundred

kw-iyereka (tse) - to show oneself, exercise,

do gym in-jangwe (in-)(26) - cat (tame or wild)



kw-lyiriza Ue) ubusa - to go all day without ku-jarajara (ye) - to go from place to place

food, fast

ku-jegajega (ze) - to shake (int.), move

kw-iyizi (no past) - to know oneself in-jiji (in-) - ignorant person

kw-iyorosa (she) - to cover oneself in bed uru-jijo (no pI.) - mystery

e.g. kutubera urujijo -to be a mystery to

kw-Tyoza (-geje) amenyo - to brush teeth

us

ubw-iyubahe (no pI.) - dignity, self-respect

ku-jijLika (tse) - to be informed,

kw-Tyubaka (tse) - to build oneself knowledgeable, come out of ignorance



kw-Tyuhagira (ye) - to bathe oneself ubu-jijuke (no pI.) - knowledge, intelligence,

ski II

kw-Tyumvira (riye) - to think about

(without speaking), be in deep thought

ku-jijura (ye) - to instruct, remove

ignorance

kw-fyunga (nze) - to unite (tr.) (implies

previous separation)

ku-jijwa Uwe) - to not know, be ignorant of

-rza (8) - good, beautiful, pretty, nice, umu-jinya (no pI.) - grudge, long-lasting

satisfactory, in good order anger



ubw-Tza (85) - glory, beauty i-jisho (amaso)(18) - eye

kuba maso - to be on guard

kw-izanira (ye) - to bring for oneself

mu maso hawe (33) - your face

kw-izera (ye)(32, 35) - to trust, believe,

faith, belief !-joro (ama-)(39) - night



i-josi (ama-) - neck

imy-Tzerere (no sing.) - beliefs, doctrines

ku-jugunya (nye)(22) - to throwaway,

j u j- k an Page 26



empty out, discard kabiri (37) - twice, two



ku-jujubya (bije) - to attack, conquer, gu-kabya (bije) - to exaggerate, be too much

pester bikabije - extremely



iki-jumba (ibi-)( 13) - sweet potato gu-kama (mye) - to milk, dry up, stop

bleeding

ama-june (no sing.) - deep sorrow

i-kamba (ama-) - crown

umu-jura (aba-)(39) - thief

gu-kambakamba (mbye) - to crawl (baby)

ku-jurira (ye) - to appeal to higher court

umu-kambwe (aba-) - father (old); old man

i-juru (ama-)(8S) - sky, heaven

gu-kamura (ye) - to wring out, squeeze (as,

i-jwi (ama-)(S9) - voice lemons)

ijwi rirenga - a loud voice

gUcisha mu majwi - to take a vote Umu-kanada (Aba-) - Canadian



ku-jya (giye)(6) - to go, walk (place kanaka - so and so

stated); to always, continually

gu-kandagira (ye) - to tread on

ama-jyambere - progress, development

umu-kandara (imi-) - belt

kU-jyana (nye)(SO) - to take, go with

kandi (17) - and, and also, as well,

umu-jyanama (aba-) - steward, advisor, furthermore, moreover

member of council, or committee

gu-kanga (nze) - to startle, frighten

uru-jya n'uruza - goings and comings

gu-kangara (ye) - to warn, threaten

mu ma-jya ruguru - north

in-kangara (in-) - basket made with strips of

jyenyine - I alone bamboo



mu ma-jyepfo - south gu-kangarana (nye) - to be seized with terror



jyewe (48) - I, me gu-kangisha (shije) - to threaten, intimidate

by

umu-jyi (imi-)(92) - city, large town

ibi-kangisho (no sing.) - threatenings,

aka-jyiko (utu-)(63) - teaspoon

threats



gu-kanguka (tse)(89) - to awaken (int.)

K

gu-kangura (ye)(89) - to awaken (tr.)

in-ka (in- )(7) - cow

umu-kangurambaga (aba-) - animator,

mu-ka (ba-) - wife of

promoter, one who stirs up enthusiasm

igi-ka (ibi-) - section, part

Page 27 kan-ki



gu-kankamira (ye) - to scold loudly gu-kena (nnye)(91) - to be needy, poor



umu-kannyi (aba-) - tanner (one who tans in-kende (in-)(l 01) - monkey (small gray)

hides)

umu-kene (aba-)(21) - poor man, pauper

i-kanya (ama-)(63) - fork, rake

ubu-kene (no pl.)(28) - poverty, need

i-kanzu (ama-) - robe, dress

gu-kenga (nze) - to suspicion, mistrust

i-kara (ama-) - hot coal, charcoal

ama-kenga (no sing.) - suspicions, suspects

gu-karaba (bye)(42) - to wash one's hands

umu-keno (imi-) - poverty (stronger than

uru-karakara (in-) - unburned bricks ubukene)



i-karamu (ama-)(55) - pencil kenshi (61) - often



gu-karanga (nze)(63) - to fry, broil umu-kenyero (imi-) - long skirt



kare (51) - early, on time gu-kenyeza (je) - to tie something around

waist, put on belt

gu-kata (-se) - to cut

kera (72) - long ago, far in the future

gu-kataza (je) - to hurry

in-kere (or, inkeri) (in-)(89) - berries

aga-kato (udu-) - comma

gu-kerensa (sheje) - to waste

i-kawa (61) - coffee (tree, or drink)

gu-kerereza (je) - to make someone

gu-kayuka (tse) - to lose flavor

(something) late

-ke, -keya (8) - few

gu-kererwa (we) - to be late

gu-keba (bye)(6S) - to cut in pieces (meat,

vegetable, cloth) i-kereta (no pI.) - sour, bitey, sharp



keretse - except

gu-kebaguza (je) - to look all around

uru-kero (in-)(65) - saw

umu-kebe (imi-) - small tin box with lid

gu-kesha (sheje) - to have, thanks to...

ubu-kebe (no pI.) - property

e.g. Yesu niwe dukesha imigisha yose. -

umu-kecuru (aba-) - old woman It's thanks to Jesus that we have all

blessings.

gU-keka (tse)(82) - to suspect, suppose,

think bu-keye (28, 119) - the next day,

afterwards

in-keke (in-) - urgent need, worry, anxiety

bwa-keye (from gu-ca)(28) - it has dawned

ama-kemwa (no sing.) - reproach, fault,

blame -ki? (11 6) - what kind of?

ki-kom Page 28



ubu-ki (no pI.) - honey thing that saves, heals



mu ru-kiga - in the country gu-kiza (jije)(33) - to save, heal, rescue,

cure

gu-klkira (ye) - to take on one's lap



gu-kTkiza (je) - to surround umu-kiza (aba-)(3) - savior



uru-kiko (in-) - tribunal, court aga-kiza (no pl.)(26) - salvation

abanyarukIko - judges

gu-kizwa (jijwe)(46) - to be saved, healed,

cured

ama-kimbirane (no sing.) - argument,

disagreement, provocation

ko - why?

gu-kina (nye)(91) - to play ko (45) - that (to introduce a dependent

gu-kinana (nye) - to play with clause)



gu-kinda (nze) - to rape umu-koba (imi-) ~ whip (as of leather,

rubber)

umu-kTndo (imi-) - palm tree



gu-kinga (nze)(ll7) - to shut, lock (door) umu-k6bwa (aba-)( 1) - girl, daughter



igi-kTngi (ibi-) - door post koko - that's true, that's a fact, indeed



gu-kingiriza (je) - to prevent from seeing, in-koko (in-)(21) - chicken

hide (tr.) from sight mu nkoko - at cock crowing (about 4:00

a.m.)

uru-kingo (in-) - vaccination

in-k5ko (in-) - flat basket

gu-kingura (ye)(117) - to open, unlock

gu-koma (mye) - to prevent, protect, hinder,

umu-kino (imi-) - game speak, clap

igi-kino (ibi-) - game

gu-komanga (nze) - to knock

gu-kira (ze)(88) - to get well, heal (int.),

igi-komangoma (ibi-) - prince, one related to

be rich

king

gu-kiranirwa (niwe) - to be wicked

gu-komatanya (nije) - to group things

gu-kiranuka (tse) - to be righteous, be in together

agreement

in-kombe (in-) - bank, shore of lake, river

umu-kiranutsi (aba-) - righteous person

igi-kombe (ibi-)( 61) - tin container, cup

umu-kire (aba- )(21) - rich person

gu-komera (ye)(64) - to be hard, difficult,

ubu-kire - riches, wealth sturdy, strong, important

komera - excuse me (when causing or

ama-kiriro (no sing.) - source of salvation, seeing physical harm or near accident)

Page 2 9 k0 m- kub



gu-komereka (tse) - to be wounded, hurt, (umukoresha w'ikoro)

injured

ubu-korikori - skill, craftsmanship

gu-komeza (je) - to continue, carryon, to

keep, make strong i-koro (ama-) - tax



gu-komoka (tse) - to descend from, be born of gu-korogoshera (ye) - to dig into side of

(as, side of hill)

in-komoko (in-) - origin, inception

in-koronga (in-) - turaco (bird)

gu-komora (ye) - to get one's origin from

gu-korora (ye)(96) - to cough

umu-kondo (imi-) - navel, a little metal pot

with side opening, handle of cup, pail, etc. in-korora (in-)(96) - cough



gu-kongeza (je) - to light, set afire umu-kororombya (imi-) - rainbow



in-kongoro (in-) - milk pot ibi-koroti (or, ibikoroto) - change, coins



in - kongoro - vulture igi-korwa (ibi-) - action, deed



i-kosa (ama-) - mistake, error

igi-koni (ibi- )(67) - kitchen

in-k6ta (in-) - sword

in-koni (in-)(80) - walking stick

i-kati (ama-) - coat, cloak, jacket

gu-konja (nje)(64) - to be cold, damp

in-kovu (in-) - scar

in-kono (in-) - clay cooking pot

gu-koza (jeje) - to cause to touch, touch with

gu-kora (ze)(l) - to work, do, repair;

touch (with -ho, or ku) umu-kozi (aba-)(3) - workman, employee

e.g. ntukoreho - don't touch

gukora umugati (75) - to make bread ku (5) - to, at, on, from (the side or outside

gukora mu ntoki - to shake hands of a thing)

gukorwa n'isoni (93) - to be ashamed

(m)urakoze - thank you gu-kuba (bye) - to multiply



gu-korana (nye) - to work together, meet ama-kuba (no sing.)(43) - troubles,

together misfortune



i-koraniro (ama-) - meeting, get-together in-kuba (in-)( 114) - thunder



gu-koranya (nije) - to gather together (tr.) kubera (102) - because of (from kuba)



gu-korera (ye) - to work for gu-kubita (se)(58) - to hit, beat, strike



imi-korere - manner of working, acting mU-kubitarukoko (mi-) - index finger



gu-koresha (sheje) - to use, cause to work gu-kubura (ye)(33) - to sweep



umu-koresha (aba-) - tax collector umu-kubuzo (imi-) - broom

kub-kut Page 30



kubwa (102) - because of, for the sake of, as in-ktmga (in-) - support

for, in... (my) opinion gutera inkUnga - to encourage, support



gu-kuka (tse) - to finish drinking (of gu-kungahaza (je) - to enrich, satisfy, fill

animals)

umu-ktingu (aba-) - rich person (in

gu-kDka (tse) - to return, come out of water, produce)

to leave a place

ubu-kungu (no pI.) - riches (esp. produce)

gu-kuka (tse) - to shake

umu-kungugu (imi-) - dust

gu-kuka (tse) umutima - to be terrified

gu-kunguta (se) - to shake (as rug)

ndakutse - I give up!

gu-kunkumura (ye) - to shake (tr.)

in-kuka (in-) - beach, shore

gu-kura (ze)(79) - to grow (up)

kuki? (109) - why?

gu-kura (ye)(79) - to take away, subtract

kuko (27) - because gukura ubwatsi - to thank for gift

umu-kumbi (imi-) - flock of sheep

kure (47) - far, far away

gU-kumbura (ye)(114) - to be lonesome for,

kuri (48) - at, to

miss

igi-kuri (ibi-) - dwarf

uru-kumbuzi (no pI.) - lonesomeness

gu-kurikira (ye)(55) - to follow

in-kumi (in-)(52) - young lady

(unmarried) -kuru (8) - senior, important, old, great

mu-kuru (ba)(74) - older brother (of

umu-kumirizi (aba-) - guard (by door of male), sister (of female), important

important person) person



kumwe (119) - together (with particular in-kuru (in-)(75) - news

reference to proximity)

ama-kuru (no sing.)(75) - news

igi-kumwe (ibi-) - thumb

gu-kurubana (nye) - to drag along

gu-kDnda (nze)(17) - to love, like

gu-kundana (nye) - to love each other igi-kurudumu (ibi-) - hoop

gukunda urumamo - to pretend to love gu-kurura (ye)(106) - to pull

gu-kundira (ye) - to allow, like for ibyo-kurya (no sing.) - food

uru-kundo (no pl.)(23) - love j-kuta (ama-) - 1/10 of a franc (coin used

formerly)

gu-kundwakaza (je) - to prefer one spouse

over others, to take loving care of uru-kuta (in-) - wall

(Eph 5:29)

Page 31 kuy-men



gu-kuyakuya (ye) - to protect, care for makumyabiri (38) - twenty

lovingly

malariya (52) - malaria

kwa (52) - to, at the home of

mama (ba mama)(73) - my, our mother

gu-kwa (koye) - to pay dowry mama wacu (wanyu, wabo) - maternal

aunt

in-kwano (in-) - dowry

uru-mamo, gukunda - to pretend to love

in-kware (in-) - partridge, quail

I-mana (i- )(7) - God

uru-kwavu (in-)(76) - rabbit

ku-manika (tse) - to hang up, place above

umu-kwe (aba-) - bridegroom

ku-manuka (tse)(56) - to go down hill,

ubu-kwe (no pl.)(123) - marriage, wedding descend

umu-kwege (imi-) - wire

ku-manura (ye) - to lower, cause to go down

igi-kwerere (ibi-) - man of middle age, hill

robust

ku-manyagura (ye) - to break into bits

imi-kwerere (no sing.) - middle age

ku-mara (ze)(62) - to finish, end, use up,

(30-50)

spend (time), stay (time)

ubu-kwerere (no pI.) - middle age (30-50)

(umu-)marayika (aba-)(1 16) - angel (Sw.)

gu-kweta (se) - to put on sandals, shoes

i-mari (no pI.) - possession (money),

in-kweto (in-)(92) - sandal, shoe treasury



gu-kwetura (ye) - to take off sandals, shoes aka-maro (no pI.) - value, use, profit



uru-kwi (in-)(23) - firewood marume - my maternal uncle



gu-kwTra (riye) - to be enough, suffice, masenge - my paternal aunt

spread (int.)

maze (119) - and then

-kwTriye (no inf.)(93) - must, ought,

mbega! - used as an exclamation; how!

should, be worthy

mbere na mbere - in the beginning



M mbere (119) - before, prior to, first



mabuja (ba-) - my, our employer, boss mbese (3) - used to introduce question

(female)

-mbi (61) - both (bambi, twembi, etc.)

maganabiri (38) - two hundred (same form

uru-me (no pl.)(or, ikime) - dew

for other hundreds)

ku-mena (nnye)(22) - to break, spill (tr.),

men-nag Page 32



empty out, penetrate, traverse invalid



i-mena (no pI.) - principal, important u-munani (37) - eight

(abagabo b'imena)

munsi (77) - beneath, under (followed by ~

ubu-mene - crack if it has an object)



ku-meneka (tse) - to break, spill (int.) murabeho - goodbye (not to meet soon)



ku-menya (nye)(45) - to know, know how muraho? - hello (used when not seeing each

other often)

ku-menyekana (nye) - to be known, become

known murakoze (2) - thank you



ku-menyera (reye) - to be accustomed to muraramuke(ho) - goodnight



iki-menyetso (ibi-)(111) - sign muri (48) - in



ubu-menyi (no pI.) - knowledge ku-murika (tse) - to shine, enlighten, to

present or show, to master things one is

ku-mera (ze)(64, 108) - to be in a certain responsible for

state, be like, germinate

e.g. Ameze ate? - How is he? mwaramutseho - good morning (to someone

you see regularly)

ka-mere (no pI.) - nature, character

-mwe (37) - one

imi-merere (no sing.) - characteristics,

-mwe (111) - with plural prefix: some

attitude (s)

e.g bamwe - some people

ama-mesa (no sing.) - palm oil

mwe, mwebwe (48) - you (pI.)

ku-mesa (she)(42) - to wash clothes

ama-mwe - singular (grammar)

umu-meshi (aba-) - launderer

mwenyine (120) - you alone, you yourselves

i-meza (or, ameza)(19) - table

ku-mwenyura (ye) - to smiie

ku-minina (or, ku-mimina)(nye) - to

mwiriweho - good afternoon, good evening

strain, filter



ku-mira (ze) - to swallow

N

i-modoka (ama-) - car

na (4) - and, with, also, by

ibu-moso (119) - at the left

na hato - not in the least, not at all

mu (5) - in, into, out of, from (inside)

nab; (44) - badly, poorly

muka (baka) - wife of ubugizi bwa nabi - evil acts



iki-muga (ibi-) - cripple, infirm person, ku-nagana (nnye) - to hang (int.)

Page 33 nag-nka



ku-nagura (ye) - to sharpen ku-nezereza (je)(103) - to please, make

happy

naho (1 04) - although, whereas, even if

umu-nezero (pI. rare)(5) - joy, happiness

naka (102) - so-and-so

ku-nezerwa (rewe)(64) - to be happy (over

nako (46) - excuse me (I misspoke myself)

something you've been told but haven't

i-nama (i-)(97) - advice, council, counsel, seen)

committee

ku-nezeza (nejeje)(103) - to please

namba - not at all mu ru-ngabangabo - facing a decision, in a

ku-nambaho (yeho) - to be faithful till death dilemna

guhera (ze) mu rungabangabo - to be

ku-nangirwa (we) - to be hard (heart), be puzzled, perplexed

hard to untie

-ngahe? (39) - how many?

mu-nani - eight

ngaho - let, come on, very well

umu-nani (imi-) - parcel of ground father

gives son ku-ngana (nye) - to be equal (size, number,

kugira umunani - to inherit age, force)



ku-nanirwa (we)(122) - to be tired, unable ngo (114) - so that, in order that, says

to do something (having tried) ngwino (28) - come here

aka-nanwa (utu-) - chin ni (2) - is, are (cannot be followed by word of

place)

umu-nara (imi-) - tower



nde? (96) - who? ni - if



ndetse - in fact, even, indeed, moreover niba (111) - if



-ndi (43)(as, uwundi, ibindi, etc.) - other, ku-niga (ze) - to choke, tie neck of sack

another, more ibi-nika (no sing.) - big kettle

ndwi (-rindwi)(37) - seven niko - and so, therefore

-ne (37) - four ni munsi - afternoon

ku-nebwa (bwe)(82) - to be lazy ni mutyo - come on!, let's go!

ubu-nebwe (no pI.) - laziness n'ingoga (25) - quickly

umu-neke (imi-)( 15) - ripe banana -nini (8) - big, large, thick

ku-nesha (sheje)(46) - to triumph, conquer -njye (3) - my

neza (4) - nicely, well (adv.), satisfactory nka (101) - just as, like (before nouns,

nka-nya Page 34



pronouns) ku-nuka (tse) - to smell very bad



nkana - deliberately, intentionally nuko (119) - therefore, then, and so



umu-nkanyari (imi-) - wrinkle (in clothes, nuko nuko - thank you

paper, face)

i-numa (i-) - dove, pigeon

nk'uko - just as, like (before verbs) nusu - half

nusu kiro - 1/2 kilo (from Sw.)

no (69) - and (connecting infinitives)



i-no (ama-) - toe umu-nwa (imi-)(26) - mouth, lip

mu kanwa - inside the mouth

I-noeli (or, Inoweli or Inoheli) - Christmas

ku-nya (neye) - to defecate

ku-nogora (ye) - to gouge out eye, fingernail

iki-nyabupfura (no pI.) - politeness

nonaha (46) - right away, immediately

umu-nyabyaha (aba-)(46) - sinner

none (29) - today, and, and now, and so,

therefore ku-nyaga (ze) - to take by force



noneho - and, and now, and so, therefore i-nyama (i-)( 11) - meat, flesh



umu-nota (imi-)(62) - minute umu-nyamaboko (aba-) - strong man



i-nota (or, inoti) (ama-) - money bill nyamara (39) - but, yet, nevertheless



ku-noza (geje) - to complete, finish i-nyamaswa (i-)( 14) - wild animal



umu-nsi (imi-)( 5) - day iki-nyamateka (ibi-) - journal, newspaper,

imTnsi yose - always, every day magazine



nta (1 04) - no, none, no one umu-nyamurava (aba-) - faithful person



ntabwo - never nyamwinshi (invariable) - majority

e.g. amajwi nyamwinshi - a majority vote

umu-ntu (aba-)(3) - person, people

umu-nyana, kwesa - to succeed in one part but

iki-ntu (ibi-)( 13) - thing fail in another

umunyabintu - steward (responsible for

another's belongings) i-nyana (i-) - calf



ubu-ntu (no pl.)(27) - grace iki-nyandaro (ibi-) - unwed mother



uku-ntu (no pI.) - how, method, means i-nyanja (i-)(99) - lake, ocean, sea



aha-ntu (aha-)(33) - place i-nyanya (i-)( 61) - tomato



nubwo (1 04) - although, even though umu-nyarwanda (aba-) - person of Rwanda

Page 35 nye-obo



ku-nyeganyega (ze)(113) - to shake, i-nyuguti (i-) - letter (of alphabet)

tremble (earth, etc.)(int.)

ku-nyuguza (je) - to rinse (clothes, dishes)

i-nyenyeri (i-) - star

nyuma (61) - after

umu-nyeshuri (aba-) - student, pupil

(i-)nyuma (i-)( 118) - behind, outside,

umu-n~zamu (aba-) - watchman after



nyina (73)(ba nyina) - his, her, their i-nyundo (i- )(65) - hammer

mother

i-nyungu -(see: iny-ungu)

-nyine (120) - only, alone, self

ku-nyunyuka (tse) - to be withered, thin

nyira - owner of, master of (esp. arm, leg, but also of person who has

been sick)

nyirabukwe - mother-in-law

ku-nyura (ze) - to pass along, go through

nyirakuru - his, her, their grandmother

umu-nyururu (imi-) - chain

nyirakuruza - his, her, their great grand-

mother ku-nywa (nyoye)(51) - to drink



nyiranaka - so-and-so (woman) ama-nywa - daytime

ku manywa - noon

uru-nyo (i-) - worm, maggot

umu-nzenze (imi-) - wild olive

ku-nyobwa (nyowe) - to be drunk (liquid)

(not, intoxicated) i-nzika (i-)(124) - grudge, bitterness,

(passive of kunywa - to drink) desire to revenge



iki-nyobwa (ibi-)(85) - peanut -nzinya (8) - tiny, minute (with 7th c1.)



nyogokuru - grandmother i-nzira (or, inz-ira)(i-)(17) - path, way



nyogokuruza - great grandmother i-nzoga (or, inz-oga)(i-)(85) - beer



nyoko (73)(ba nyoko) - your mother i-nzozi (see: in-zozi)



iki-nyoma (ibi-) - lie, falsehood



i-nyoni (i-)(95) - small bird

o

umu-nyororo (imi-) - chain, prison

ubw-oba (no pl.)(29) - fear

i-ny6ta (no pl.)(45) - thirst

umw-obo (imy-) - hole, pit

kugira iny6ta - to be thirsty

icy-abo (iby-)(14) - hole, pit

-nyu (3) - your (you pl.)(wanyu, etc.)

urw-obo (inz-) - hole, pit

umu-nyu (4) - salt, or, see: um-unyu

oga-pam Page 36



k-oga (ze)(42) - to wash one's feet, swim -ose (41) - all, every



inz-oga (inz-)(85) - beer k-oshya (oheje) - to tempt, influence badly



k-ogeza Ue) - to spread, publish, make am-oshya (no sing.) - temptations

known, declare

k-oshyoshya (heje) - to want to see someone

k-ogosha (she) - to cut hair, beard, wool in order to seize or harm him



k-ohereza Ue)(39) - to send (thing, or k-6ta (se) - to warm oneself by fire

person without message)

k-otsa (keje) - to roast in fire, bake

inz-oka (inz-) - snake, worm

umw-otsi (imy-)(5) - smoke

ubw-oko (am-)(116) - tribe, type, kind

oya (3) - no

k-omoka (tse) - to leave the shore (in boat)

ubw-oya (am-)(28) - hair of body or

k-omokera (ye) - to arrive (by boat) animals



k-omongana (nye) - to wander, stray iry-oya (am-) - feather



k~omora (ye) - to treat wounds k-oza (6geje)(42) - to wash (except clothes,

vegetables, hands)

k-omoza Ue) - to cause to treat wounds



iby-ondo (no sing.)(l 01) - mud

P

k-ongera (ye)(44) - to repeat, do again, add

umu-padiri (aba-) - priest (Catholic)

more

umu-pagani (aba-) - pagan, heathen

k-onka (nse) - to nurse (int.)

im-pagarara (no pI.) - anguish, terror,

k -onona (nnye)(94) - to damage, spoil danger

k-ononekara (ye) - to be damaged, spoiled uru-pahu (im-) - spoon (large)

k-onsa (onkeje) - to nurse (tr.)

im-paka (im-) - argument, dispute

icy-orezo (iby-) - epidemic

gu-pakira (ye) - to pack, load

k-oroha (she) - to be soft, easy

gu-pakurura (ye) - to unload

k-oroherwa (we)(73) - to be better,

im-pamba (im-)(72) - food for journey

improved (physically)

im-pamo (no pI.) - really, truly

k-orora (ye) - to raise animals (e.g. icyabaye impamo - what really

happened)

k-ororoka (tse) - to multiply (int.), increase

(animals)

im-pamvu (im-) reason, because of

ku mpamvu za - because of

Page 37 pam-pim



ku mp'amvu z'uko - due to igi-ptamatwi (ibi-)(77) - deaf person

gutora impamvu - to make excuses

m-pfane - nta mpfane - no hard feelings

im-pamyabushobozi (im-) - diploma

uru-pfu (no pl.)(48) - death

umu-panga (imi- )(77) - machete

ubu-pfu (no pI.) - folly

im-panga (im-) - twins

im-pfubyi (im-) - orphan

im-pano (im-) - gift

gu-pfuka (tse) - to cover, wrap

i-pantalo - pants

umu-pfuka (imi-) - sack, bag, pocket, purse

im-panuka (im-) - accident

gu-pfukama (mye) - to kneel

i-papayi (ama-) - papaya

umu-pfumu (aba-) - witch doctor

uru-papuro (im-)(55) - paper, page

gu-pfumuka (tse) - to get a hole (as bucket,

i-pasi (ama-) - iron (for clothes) etc.)

gutera ipasi - to iron clothes

gu-pfumura (ye) - to make a hole in (as in

I-pasika - Easter wall, pot, etc.)



umu-pastori (aba-)(120) - pastor gu-pfundika (tse) - to tie, make knot

pe - absolutely, extremely gu-pfundikanya (nije) - to tie knots

im-pera (usually used in pI.) - end (used gu-pfundikira (ye) - to put lid on container

only with words of time: days, months, etc.

e.g. ku mpera z'icyumweru - at the end of igi-pfundikizo (ibi-) - lid, stopper, cork

the week)

i-pfundo (ama-) - knot

gu-perereza (je) - to oversee (as, workers)

gu-pfi1ndura (ye) - to untie

im-peruka (im-)( 61) - last of anything

igi-pfUnsi (ibi-) - fist, blow with fist

im-peshyi (no pI.) - month of June, just

gu-pfunya (nye) - to wrap up

beginning dry season (with wind)

gu-pfurika (tse) - to hide

igi-pesi (ibi-) - button

gu-pfusha (shije) ubusa - to waste, use up

gu-pfa (pfuye)(48) - to die for nothing

gu-pfa (pfuye) ku - to just ... , simply...

im-pigi (im-) - charm made with beads

e.g yapfOye kuza atazi impamvu - He just

came, not knowing why i-pikipiki (ama-) - motorcycle



gu-pfakara (ye) - to become a widow(er) gu-pima (mye)(96) - to measure, weigh,

examine

umu-pfakazi (aba-) - widow(er)

pin-ram Page 38



im-pinga (im-) - mountain top, peak uru-rabyo (indabyo)(68) - flower



umu-pira (imi-)(88) - rubber, ball, tire, umu-rabyo (imi-)( 114) - lightning

sweater

ku-raga (ze) - to leave as inheritance

i-piripiri (no pl.)(63) - pepper ku-ragwa (zwe) - to inherit



im-piya (im-) - money (rarely used) iki-ragi (ibi-) - dumb person (can't talk),

mute

im-pongano (im-) - gift, bribe, amends,

penalty, reparation ku-ragira (ye) - to herd animals, to

shepherd, to pasture (tr.)

im-pongo (im-) - small antelope

iki-rago (ibi-)(15) - grass mat (for

umu~porisi (aba-) - police agent

sleeping)

im-puguke (im-) - technique, technical

knowledge or skill ku-rahira (ye) - to vow, swear



iki-rahuri (ibi-) - glass

im-puha (im-) - rumors, false reports

ku-rakara (ye)(75) - to be angry

im-puhwe (im-) - pity

ubu-rakari (no pl.)(80) - anger

im-pumyi (im-)( 45) - blind person

ibi-ramambu (no sing.) - on the contrary,

im-pundu (im-) - shout of joy, acclamation

however

guha (or, gutanga) impundu - to congra-

tulate (esp. on birth of baby, return from

ku-ramba (mbye) - to live long, last long

journey, etc.: e.g. tuguhaye impundu)

ku-rambarara (ye) - to lie down, stretch out

im-pungenge (im-) - anxiety, prudence

e.g. kugira impungenge mu magambo - umu-rambararo (imi-) - diameter, length

be prudent in what one says

ku-rambika (tse) - to put down, put on,

im-punzi (im-)(98) - refugee spread out



gu-pyinagiza Ue) - to oppress umu-rambo (imi-) - corpse



ku-rambura (ye) - to stretch out (tr.) (as

R arm), to be long, extended

e.g. amagambo arambuye - lengthy

ku-raba (bye) - to faint, wilt, dry up (plant) message



umu-raba (imi-) - wave mu-ramu (ba-) - brother-in-law (of

woman), sister-in-law (of man)

ku-rabagirana (nye) - to shine (in sense of

reflect light)

ku-ramuka (tse) - to happen (implies not the

usual)

ku-rabukwa (tswe) - to catch glimpse of,

e.g. aramutse amutumye - it happened that

suddenly see, set eyes on

he sent him

Page 39 ram-rek



ku-ramukanya (nije) - to exchange greetings ku-rarika (tse) - to invite, send to inform,

hire

ku-ramukwa (tswe) - to have labor pains,

come to time to deliver ku-rarikira (ye) - to strongly desire, covet



ku-ramutsa (kije) - to greet (personally) umu-raririzi (aba-) - night watchman



ku-ramya (mye) - to worship, adore, honor iki-raro (ibi-)( 115) - bridge



ku-randata (se) - to lead by the hand ku-raruka (tse) - to leave home, be a

vagabond

aka-rande (no pI.) - tradition, hereditary

trait, continuation ku-rasa (she) - to shoot with arrow, or gun,

to rise (of sun)

ku-randura (ye) - to pull out, uproot

ama-rashi - perfume

ku-ranga (nze) - to make known, publish,

announce ama-raso (no sing.)(19) - blood

e.g. imigirire ye imuranga - his actions

show what he is ku-rata (se) - to praise



ubu-ranga (no pI.) - physical beauty iki-rato (ibi-)(92) - shoe



ku-rangamira (ye) - to stare at, seek after umu-rava (no pI.) - faithfulness

e.g. gukorana umurava - be faithful in

ku-rangara (ye) - to not pay attention, to be work

distracted

umunya-mu-rava - faithful person

ku-rangarana (nye) - to neglect someone,

ignore iki-rayi (ibi-)(61) - white potato



umu-rayiki (aba-)(from laique) - layman

ubu-rangazi (no pI.) - negligence

ku-reba (bye)(SO) - to look, see (as go to

iki-rangirire (ibi-) - famous person

see), look at

ku-rangiza Ue)(S6) - to finish (tr.)

ku-rebareba (bye)(113) - to look every-

ku-rangurura (ye) - to call at distance, where

shout, raise one's voice

ubu-rebure (no pI.) - length

k u - rara (ye)(62) - to spend the night

ku-rega (ze)(99) - to accuse (of)

ku-rarama (mye) - to look up, raise one's

eyes k u - rega (ze) - to stretch tight (tr.)



iki-rego (ibi-) - accusation, charge

ku-raranganyamo amaso - to look about on all

sides (searching) reka - let, come on, very well, wait!

e.g. reka ukubwTre - wait, let me tell you

i-rari (ama-) - lust, strong desire

rek-rim Page 40



ku-reka (tse)(58, 68) ~ to stop (int.), leave ku-rengera (ye) - to try to save from danger

off, refrain from, cease, forsake, allow

buretse! ~ stop!, just a minute! ku-rengererezaho Oeho) ~ to direct remarks

toward (covertly)

ku-rekeraho (yeho)(68) ~ to stop (int.)

ku-rengerwa (we) ~ to be submerged

ku~rekura (ye) - to release

ku~rengurana (nye) ~ to ridicule

ku~rema (mye)(l 01) - to create

ku~rera (ze) ~ to train, rear child

iki~rema (ibi~) - crippled person, invalid

~re~re (8) ~ long, tall, high

ku~remba (mbye)(72) ~ to be very ill, about e.g. muremure, ndende, kirekire

to die

iki~rere (no pI.) - air, sky, area, space

i~rembo (ama-) - gate, entrance to kraal akarere ~ region, territory



ku~rembuza Oe) - to signal to come ma-rere ~ ring finger

ku~rembya (beje) - to push one to the end of rero (119) ~ then, so

endurance, cause to suffer greatly

ku~reshya (hereje) ~ to influence, woo

ku~remera (reye)(84) ~ to be heavy

ku~remerwa (rewe) ~ to be heavy laden ku~reshya (sheje) ~ to be equal (length,

height, importance)

iki-remu (ibi-) ~ patch

ke-retse - except

ku-renga (nze) - to go past, surpass, set

(sun), pass beyond, disappear behind ~ri (12) - is, are

ijwi rirenga ~ a loud voice

birenze urugero ~ beyond measure, beyond uku-ri (no pl.)(32) - truth

reason by'ukuri, mu by'ukuri ~ truly, really



ama~renga (no sing.) ~ sign language, i-riba (ama-) ~ well (n.)

figurative speech (guca amarenga)

ku~ribata (se) - to trample on



ku-ribwa (riwe)(85) - to be eaten

ku-renganura (ye) - to give justice to one

who has been treated unjustly ku~riduka (tse) - to fall in ruins

ku-renganya (nije)(l 09) ~ to treat ku-riganya (nije) - to cheat, trick, lie

unjustly, unfairly, persecute

ubu-riganya (no pI.) - trickery, deceit

ubu~renganzira (no pI.) ~ priority, rights

ku-rigita (se) - to disappear into ground, be

umu~renge (imi~) - village unfindable

(Le. hill with numerous homes)

bu~ti]e (28) ~ it's late, getting dark

iki-renge (ibi~)(13) ~ foot

umu~rima (imi~ )(6) ~ garden, field

Page 41 rim-ron



ku-rimba (mbye) - to dress beautifully, uru-ro (no pl.)(79) - millet (one grain, one

wear ornaments plant)



ku-rimbuka (tse) - to perish, be destroyed, ubu-ro (no pl.)(79) - millet (collective

be lost (eternally) noun)



ku-rimbura (ye) - to destroy ku-roba (bye) - to fish



uru-rimi (indimi)(24) - tongue, language ku-robanura (ye) - to choose, set aside,

ordain

umu-rimo (imi- )(26) - work, task

umu-robyi (aba-) - fisherman

rimwe (119) - once

ku-roga (ze) - to bewitch

rimwe na rimwe (93) - now and then,

sometimes ku-rogoya (ye) - to interrupt



ku-rinda (nze)(93) - ought, should, to wait ki-rogoya (bi-) - interrupter, agent with

for, watch, guard, protect evil intent



ku-rindira (riye) - to wait for, expect ku-roha (shye) - to throw (into water)



umu-ringa (imi-) - brass ku-rohama (mye) - to drown (int.)



ku-ringanira (ye) - to be equal, even, flat ubu-rohame - shipwreck, loss



ku-ringaniza Ue) - to make even, flat, equal, ku-rohora (ye) - to pull out of water, fire

put in order

ku-rokoka (tse) - to be saved, delivered

ubu-rlngfti - cover, blanket

ku-rokora (ye) - to save (from danger,death)

ku-rira (ze)(50) - to weep, cry

ku-rombereza Ue) - to go on further

ama-rira (no sing.)( 106) - weeping, tears

ku-rondereza Ue) - to be economical,

umu-riri (imi-) - noise (of crowd) frugal



ubu-riri (ama-)(27) - bed ku-rondogora (ye) - to chat for a long time



ku-ririmba (mbye)(31) - to sing ubu-rondogozi - just words, verbiage

indirimbo (31) - song, hymn

ku-rondora (ye) - to exhaust, describe,

umu-riro (no pl.)( 4) - fire relate in detail



ku-rTsha (shije) - to pasture (int.), to eat iki-rondwe (ibi-)( 105) - tick

with (instrument)

ku-ronga (nze)(42) - to wash vegetable

umu-rizo (imi-)( 45) - tail

umu-rongo (imi-) - line, row, verse

iki-ro (ibi-) - kilogram

ubu-rongo (no pI.) - mud, clay

ron-rya Page 42



ku-rongora (ye) - to marry a bride ku-runguruka (tse) - to lean over to look at



k u - rongora (ye) - to lead ubu-ruru - blue



ku-ronka (nze) - to receive (only in sense of ku-rusha (shije)(108) - to surpass

something special, surprise, or

undeserved) ku-rushaho (shijeho) - to do more, surpass

e.g. kurushaho gukora - to work harder

ku-rorera (reye) - to stop (int.)

ku-rushiriza Ue) - to surpass, do more

iki-rorero (ibi-) - town e.g. arushiriza kurwara - he's even sicker



ku-roreza Ue) - to taste ku-rushya (ruhije)(S7) - to be difficult, to

trouble, annoy

ibi-rori (no sing.) - celebration, fete



ku-rota (se) - to dream ku-ruta (se)(108) - to surpass (size, age,

force) (in past, usually in the -ga tense;

ubu-rozi (no pI.) - poison, witchcraft hence, -rutaga)



ku-rubira (ye) - to become angry, violent -ruzi (only this form) - to see, notice

ku-ruha (shye)(108) - to be tired umu-rwa (imi-) - city (royal) (rare)

i-ruhande (119) - beside, on the side of iki-rwa (ibi-) - island

ku-ruhuka (tse)(108) - to rest rwagakoco (no pl.)(67) - small trap

ku-ruka (tse)(96) - to vomit ku-rwana (nye)(94) - to fight (int.)

ku-rumbuka (tse) - to be abundant (crop), ku-rwanya (nije) - to fight (tr.)

produce much fruit

ku-rwara (ye)( 64) - to be sick, ill

ku-rumbura (ye) - to open (as flower) indwara (17) - illness, disease



iki-rumirahabiri (ibi-) - snake that bites at umu-rwayi (aba-) - a sick person

both ends (can't distinguish head and tail)

ku-rwaza Ue) - to care for the sick

mu-rumuna (barumuna)(74) - younger

brother (of male), younger sister (of rwose (47) - completely, entirely, very

female) much



ku-runda (nze) - to pile together, heap ku-rya (riye)(S1) - to eat, pain, irritate

ibyo kurya - food

ku-rundarunda (nze) - to pile carefully, to

finish ku-rya (rfye) ruswa - to take bribe



bu-rundu - absolutely final ku-ryama (mye)(7S) - to lie down, go to bed



iki-runga (ibi-) - volcano, high mountain umu-ryango (imi-)(98) - family, clan

Page 43 rya-sam



umu-ryango (imi-)(98) - doorway gu-sabiriza Ue) - to beg



ryari? (41) - when? umu-sabirizi (aba-)( 120) - beggar



ku-ryarya (rye) - to be a hypocrite, act i-sabune (ama-)(78) - soap

hypocritically

gu-saduka (tse) - to crack

ubu-ryarya (no pI.) - hypocrisy

i-safuriya (ama-) - cooking pot, pan

ku-ryaryata (se) - to itch

gu-saga (ze) - to overflow, be more than,

i-ryTnyo (amenyo)(18) - tooth be a surplus



ibi-ryo (no sing.)(51) - food gu-sagamba (mbye) - to grow luxuriously

ubu-ryo (no pl.)(28) - way, method, in-sagu (in-) - balance (in account)

manner, right side, opportunity

gu-saguka (tse) - to be over and above, over-

ibu-ryo (119) - at the right flowing



ku-ry6ha (shye) - to be delicious, excellent i-saha (or, isaa)(ama-)(62) - clock, watch,

hour

ku-ryoza Ue) - to make pay the penalty

i-sahane (ama-)(11) - plate, dish

(3rd cI. sing. and 5th cI. pI.)

S

i-saho (ama-)(11) - sack, bag

-sa (8)(adj.) - only, alone

(3rd cI. sing. and 5th cI. pI.)

gu-sa (66)(adv.) - only

gu-sahura (ye) - to pillage, plunder

gu-sa (saga)(121) - to be like, resemble

physically (in past, usually in the -ga ama-saka (no sing.) - Kaffir corn (resembles

tense; hence, -saga) sorghum)



ubu-sa (no pl.)(103, 118) - in vain, for gu-sakabaka (tse) - to shout, cry out

nothing, empty, naked

gu-sakara (ye)(65) - to roof, put on roof

haba na busa - not at all

i-sake (ama-) - rooster, cock

gu-saba (bye)(44) - to ask for, pray, beg (3rd cI. sing. and 5th cI. pI.)

gu-saba (bye) - to spread, envelop, penetrate

uru-saku (no pI.) - clamor, shouts, noise,

(as, perfume, rain)

row

gu-sabana (nye) na - to confide in

gu-sakuza Ue) - to shbut, cry aloud, make a

ubu-sabane - close friendship, fellowship, lot of noise

partnership

umu-samanzuki (imi-) - flycatcher (bird)

i-sabato (ama-) - Sabbath (in Bible) gu-samba (mbye) - to be at the point of death

sam-sek Page 44



gu-sambana (nye) - to commit adultery umu-sare (aba-) - sailor



ubu-sambanyi (no pI.) - adultery i-sari (no pI.) - hunger



umu-sambi (imi-) - crested crane ama-saro (no sing.) - tiny beads

gutaka (tse) amasaro - to bead

umu-sambi (imi-)(97) - small mat, rug

gu-sarura (ye)(99) - to harvest

igi-sambo (ibi- )(39) - glutton, thief

gu-sasa (shashe)(78) - to spread grass,

i-sambu (ama-) - field, possession, property make a bed, prepare a room

gu-sambura (ye) - to take off roof, reveal

publicly i-sasa (ama-)( 65) - floor tile



igi-sate (ibi-) - piece of something broken

gu-sandara (ye) - to scatter (int.)(things)

umu-satsi (imi-)(6) - hair (of human head)

gu-sandaza Ue) - to scatter (tr.)

gu-satura (ye)(65) - to cut lengthwise

i-sandugu (ama-, 3rd sing.)(44) - box

gu-saya (ye) - to get stuck in mud

i-sanduka (ama-, 3rd sing.)(44) - box

gu-saza (shaje) - to grow old

gu-sanga (nze) - to find, encounter, come to

(someone), go to find mu-saza (ba-)(74) - brother of girl



gu-sanganira (ye) - to go to meet umu-saza (aba-)(3) - old man



ru-sange - common, general, frequently used, i-sazi (i-) - fly

known by all

se - word used in asking question

gu-sangira (ye) - to eat together, share

se (ba se)(73) - his, her, their father

umu-sangwa (aba-) - wedding guest (related

ama-se (no sing.) - cow manure

to father of groom)

igi-sebe (ibi-)(43) - sore, ulcer, wound

i-sano (no pI.) - resemblance, similarity,

relationship gu-sebwa (sewe)(85)- to be ground (passive

e.g. bafitanye isano - they are related of gu-sya)



umu-sanzu (no pI.) - voluntary aid, gu-sebya (beje) - to speak evil of, mock,

contribution, assessment make fun of



ubu-sanzwe - usually, ordinarily gu-sega (ze) - to beg



gu-sara (ze) - to lose one's mind, be mad, umu-sego (imi-) - pillow, cushion

crazy

gu-seka (tse)(79) - to laugh (at)

umu-saraba (imi-)(94) - cross

umu-seke (no pI.) - dawn

e.g. umuseke ukebye - when it had dawned

Page 45 se k-she



igi-seke (ibi-)(97) - tall pointed basket arrive



gu-sekura (ye) - to grind in mortar, i-seseme (no pI.) - nausea

to bump into

gu-sesengura (ye) - to examine carefully

sekuru (ba sekuru) - his, her, their grand-

father gu-sezera (ye) - to take leave of, depart, bid

goodbye

sekuruza (ba) - his, her, their great grand-

father gu-sezerana (nye) - to promise, bid each

other goodbye

gu-sembura (ye) - to leaven

i-sezerano (ama-) - promise, testament

umu-semburo (imi-) - yeast, leaven

umu-sezi (aba-) - beggar

gu-senda (nze) - to publicly send away one's

wife gu-shagara (ye) - to accompany, escort



umu-shahara (imi-) - salary, pay, wage

uru-senda (in- )(63) - pepper

gu-shaka (tse)(19) - to want, seek, look for,

gu-sendera (reye) - to be filled to the brim

desire

gu-senga (nze)(25) - to pray, worship

j-shaka (amasaka) - Kaffir corn

i-senga (ama-) - cave, den

gu-shakana (nye) - to marry

umu-sengeneza (aba-) - niece, nephew (child

of female's brother, or male's sister) gu-shakashaka (tse)(113) - to search for

diligently

uru-sengero (in- )(or, i-sengero)(38) -

church building, temple ubu-shake - will



i-shami (ama-)(69) - branch

i-sengesho (ama-)(or, i-shengesho) -

prayer igi-shanga (ibi-) - marsh, swamp

gu-senya (shenye)(65) - to gather firewood, gu-shanyuka (tse) - to tear (int.)

to tear down, to demolish, ruin

gu-shanyura (ye) - to tear (tr.)

gu-senyagurana (nye) - to fall into ruin

i-shati (ama-) - shirt

umu-senyi (imi-)(65) - sand

i-shavu (no pl.)(109) - sadness, irritation,

gu-serebeka (tse) - to slide anger (light)

kugira ishavu (1 09) - to be sad

gu-sesa (sheshe) akanguhe - to be mature,

experienced gu-shavuza Ue) - to make sad



igi-seseka, rubanda rwa - the ordinary people j-shaza (ama-)(27) - pea



gu-sesekara (ye) - to overflow, spill, to shebuja (ba) - his, her, their master,

she-shu Page 46



employer (male) gu-shinyagura (ye) - to mock, ridicule



i-shema (no pI.) - honor, majesty aga-shinyaguro (no pI.) - mockery, torment



i-shengero (ama-)(55) - crowd of followers gu-shira (ze)(72) - to end, wear out



gu-shengura (ye) - overwhelm, weigh down, umu-shishe (aba-) - fat, well nourished

make sad child



ama-shereka (no sing.) - breast milk ubu-shTshi - small food ants



umu-shi (aba-) - foreigner (tribe in Za'ire) gu-shishikara (ye) - to persevere, make an

effort

gu-shidTkanya (nije)(82) - to doubt

gu-shishikaza Ue) - to encourage, exhort

mu-shiki (ba)(74) - sister (of male)

gu-shishimura (ye) - to tear, rip (tr.)

gu-shima (mye)(17) - to praise, thank, be

content with umu-shitsi (imi-)(or,umushyitsi) -

trembling

gu-shima (mye) - to scratch guhinda umushitsi - to tremble

kwT-shima (mye) - to scratch oneself

igi-shitsi (ibi-) - base of tree

gu-shimangira (ye) - to nail down, establish,

reinforce, emphasize gu-shobera (ye) - to be at the end (of oneself)

gu-shoberwa (we) - to be in despair, at

iby-T-shimo (no sing.) - joy, gladness wit's end, dumbfounded, perplexed



i-shimwe (no pI.) - joy, gladness, praise in-shoberamahanga (in-) - idiom (lit. what's

too difficult for foreigners)

gu-shinga (nze) - to drive stake, decide,

vote, establish gu-shoboka (tse) - to be possible



imi-shinga (sing. rare) - projects, plans gu-shobora (ye)(42) - to be able, can

gutegura imishinga - to make plans,

prepare projects ubu-shobozi (no pl.)(48) - power, ability



umu-shoferi (aba-) - driver

in-shinga (in-) - sentence (gram.)

i-shoka (ama-)(65) - axe

in-shingano (in-)- responsibility

gu-shonga (nze) - to melt (as, sugar)

uru-shTnge (in-) - needle, injection

gu-shorera (ye) - to lead (esp. animals)

gu-shinguka (tse) - to come out (as stake

driven in ground) gu-shudika (tse) - to be friends with



gu-shingura (ye) - to pull out stake, reverse igi-shuhe (ibi-) - duck

avote

i-shuheri (3rd. eL, no pI.) - storm of wind

gu-shTnja (nje) - to blame

Page 47 shu-shy



i-shUka (ama-) - sheet i-shya (ama-) - herd of cattle



gu-shuka (tse)(SO) - to deceive, tempt i-shya n'ihirwe - prosperity



gu-shukashuka (tse)(113) - to tempt, i-shyaka (no pI.) - zeal, competion,

entice, fool, deceive lightly enthusiasm for work



ibi-shuko (no sing.) - temptations i-shyaka (ama-) - political party,

organization (e.g. U.N.), section

umu-shumba (aba-)(41) - herder, shepherd

i-shyamba (ama-)(69) - forest, jungle,

umu-shumi (imi-) - belt, tie

bush

in-shunda (in-) - fringe

i-shyanga (amahanga) - nation

uru-shundura (in-) - fishing net

i-shyano (amahano) - accident, bad luck,

gu-shungera (ye) - to surround, encircle extraordinary beauty

ni ishyano - that's terrible, too bad

in-shungu (in-) - ransom

ama-shyanyari (no sing.) - electricity

gu-shungura (ye) - to sift, winnow

i-shyari (amahari)(83) - jealousy

igi-shura (ibi-) - long garment worn over

-fite ishyari - to be jealous

shoulders and down to ground (no longer

(momentarily)

used)

kugira ishyari - to be jealous (as in

characteristic, or in past)

i-shuri (or, ishUli) (ama-)(18) - school

ishuri ribanza - primary school

ubu-shye (no pl.)(28) -burn

ishuri ryTsumbuye - secondary school

ishuri rikuru - university gu-shyenga (nze) - to joke, clown

ishuri ry'ingoboka - para-primary,

vocational ama-shyengo (no sing.) - jokes



in-shuro (in-) - times, measure uru-shyi (amashyi)(24) - palm of hand

inshyi - slaps

gu-shushanya (nije) - to draw amashyi - hands outstretched



igi-shushanyo (ibi-) - picture, image gu-shyigikira (ye) - to support, prop, put

props under, second a motion

j-shusho (ama-) - picture, shape, likeness



in-shuti (in-)(43) - friend gu-shyika (tse) - to arrive at, attain



uru-shwfma (no pI.) - dropsy, water gu-shyikirana (nye) na - to confide in, have a

retention good relationship with



-shya (adj.)(8) - new umu-shyikirano (imi-) - relationship,

fellowship

gu-shya (hiye)(92) - to be cooked, ripe, to

burn (int.), be burned in-shyTmbo (in-) - club

shy-soh Page 48



igi-shyrmbo (ibi- )(33) - bean uru-slka (in-) - wall



gu-shyTngira (ye) - to give in marriage igi-sfmba (ibi-)(14) - wild animal (esp.

small that bites), insect

gu-shyrngura (ye) - to put away

gu-simbuka (tse)(123) - to jump

gu-shyira (ze)(23) - to put

gu-simbura (ye) - to replace (int.), follow

gu-shylra (riye) - to take to someone, hand to someone in a position



ama-shyira (no sing.) - pus

i-sinagogi (ama-)(foreign) - synagogue

umu-shyitsi (aba- )(62) - guest, visitor

sinapi (foreign) - mustard seed

ubu-shyo (ama-) - herd (esp. of cows)

gu-sinda (nze) - to be drunk

gu-shyuha (shyushye)(92) - to be hot, get

gu-singiza (je) - to honor, praise

hot

gu-slnzlra (riye)(41) - to sleep

ubu-shyuhe (no pI.) - heat

umu-sirikare (aba-) - soldier

gu-shyunguta (se) - to whistle

ubu-sit~mi (no pI.) - garden

uru-shyungute (in-) - whistle

gu-sltara (ye) - to stumble

gu-shyushya (hije)(92) - to heat (tr.)

i-sitimu (ama-) - flashlight, torch

si (2) - is not, are not

si byo (108) - Isn't it?, Isn't that so? umu-sizi (aba-) - poet

i-si (i-)(95) - world, earth so (ba 50)(73) - your father

gu-siba (bye)(62) - to erase, close up path ubu-so (no pI.) - surface (e.g. of square, etc.)

gu-slba (bye)(62) - to be absent, omit, gu-sobanukirwa (we) - to understand

abstain

gu-sobanura (ye)(120) - to explain,

igi-sida (ibi-)( or, agisida) - accident interpret, sort out, separate



gu-siga (ze)(116) - to leave, forsake gu-sobanuza (je) - to ask to explain

gu-slga (ze)(116) - to rub, smear, anoint, gu-sodoka (tse) - to loiter, dawdle

paint

sogokuru (ba) - grandfather

igi-siga (ibi-) - bird of prey

sogokuruza (ba) - great grandfather, ancestor

gu-siganuza (je) - to ask explanation

gu-sogongera (ye) - to taste (a little bit)

gu-sigara (ye)(104) - to be left, remain

gu-sohoka (tse)(95) - to go out

igi-sigo (ibi-) - harmful ancestral spirit

gu-sohora (ye) - to put out, cause to go out,

Page 49 soh-s uz



reach certain time, be fulfilled, take seeds umu-sozi (imi-)( 4) - hill, mountain

out to plant i musozi - on dry land, shore



gu-sohoza (je) - to complete, accomplish, umu-sozo (imi-) - conclusion

fulfill

gu-subira (ye)(29, 44) - to return, go back,

umu-sohozabitambo (aba-) - priest do again, repeat



i-soko (ama-)( 107) - market place gu-subiza (je)(124) - to answer, reply,

return something where it was

i - soko (ama-)(107) - spring, fountain

igi-subizo (ibi-) - answer, reply

gu-sokoza (je) - to comb hair

gu-suhuza (je) - to visit, greet (at one's

uru-sokozo (in-) - comb

home, or at beginning of letter)

gu-soma (mye)(22) - to read, kiss, sip

gu-suhuza (je) umutima - to sigh

gu-somagura (ye) - to kiss repeatedly

i-suka (ama-, 3rd sing.)(ll) - hoe

umu-somari (imi-) - nail, pin

gu-suka (tse)(63) - to pour into

umu-someno (imi-) - saw

i-sukari (no pl.)(63) - sugar

i-somo (ama-) - lesson

i-suku (no pI.) - cleanliness

gu-songera (ye) - to second a motion,

reinforce gu-sukura (ye) - to clean



umu-sumari (imi-)(65) - nail, pin

i-son; (no pl.)(93) - shame, bashfulness

gukorwa n'isoni - to be ashamed gu-sumba (mbye)(108) - to surpass (in

height)

gu-sonza (shonje)(64) - to be hungry

mu-sumbazose (mi-) - middle finger

umu-sore (aba-)(52) - young man (not

married) umu-sumeno (imi-) - saw



ubu-sore (no pl.)(28) - youth (age, not gu-sumira (ye) - to seize, grab, trap

person)

gu-sunika (tse) - to push

umu-soresha (aba-) - tax collector

gu-sura (ye)(56) - to visit, go to visit

umu-soro (imi-) - tax

i-suri (no pI.) - erosion

gu-soroma (mye)(89) - to pick, gather

umu-susu (no pI.) - apprehension, fear

(garden produce)

aga-susuruko - hot part of day

gu-sosoroka (tse) - to slip out, stick out

(as from pocket) gu-suzugura (ye) - to despise, scorn, disobey

suz-tan Page 50



gu-suzuma (mye)(96) - to examine, gu-taka (tse) - to ornament, embroider

scrutinize

umu-taka (imi-) - umbrella

umu-swa (aba-) - a fool, stupid person,

ubu-taka (69) - soil

incapable, dumb

igi-taka (ibi-)(69) - soil

umu-swa (no pl.)(113) - white ants

in-tama (in-)(12) - sheep

ru-swa (no pI.) - bribe

in-tambara (in- )(97) - battle, strife

gu-sya (seye)(63) - to grind

igi-tambaro (ibi-)(15) - cloth

uru-syo (in-)(85) - stone for grinding

gu-tambika (tse) to place crosswise, be

crosswise, be flat, horizontal

T umuseke utambitse - at dawn



ama-ta (no sing.)(19) - milk ubu-tambike (no pI.) - length, horizontal

position

gu-ta (taye)(79) - to throwaway, discard



gu-tabara (ye)(72) - to help willingly, come igi-tambo (ibi-) - sacrifice

to the assistance of

gu-tambuka (tse) - to step, advance

i-tabaza (ama-)( 67) - lamp, candle gu-tambutsa (kije) - to surpass in

ku-tabera (reye) - to be just, impartial in-ti3mbwe (in-) - step

in-tabera (in-) - a just, fair person umu-tambyi (aba-) - priest

i-tabi (no pI.) - tobacco gu-tana (nye) - to divorce (followed by na

kunywa itabi - to smoke tobacco with object)



igi-tabo (ibi-)(13) - book in-tananya (in-) - cord of the tongue

gu-tabuka (tse) - to tear (int.) igi-tanda (ibi-) - bed, rack

gu-t'abwa (tawe)(85) - to be discarded -tandatu (37) - six

i-tafari (ama-)(65) - brick gu-tandukana (nye) - to separate (int.), be

distinct, different, part with

gu-t"agaguza Ue) - to waste possessions



gu-taha (shye)(56) - to go home, greet, gu-tandukanya (nije) - to separate (tr.),

to be next distinguish between

e.g. icyumweru gitaha - next week

umwaka utaha - next year gu-tanga (nze)(78) - to offer, pay, give (no

uko umwaka utaha - annually, every year recipient indicated)



gu-taka (tse) - to shout, cry out gu-tanga (nze) - to do, arrive before another

Page 51 tan-teg



in-tangamugabo (in-) - proof, evidence uru-tare (in-) - rocky place, large rock



gu-tangara (ye)( 101) - to marvel, wonder ubu-tariganya (no pI.) - sincerity

at, be astonished

i-tariki (ama-)(62) - date (of month)

gu-tangatanga (nze) - to encircle, surround

ibi-taro (no sing.)(91) - hospital,

gu-tfmgaza (je) - to surprise, astonish, cause dispensary

to wonder; to announce

gu-tashya (tahirije)(120) - to greet, send

igi-t~mgaza (ibi-)( 41) - miracle, amazing greetings

thing

gu-tashya (hije) - to gather firewood

i-tangazo (ama-) - announcement

gu-tata (se) - to spy

gu-t"~mgira (ye)(31) - to begin, start

gu-tata (se)(80) - to make trouble, fight

gu-tanglra (ye) - to hold, cut off one's path with verbally



imi-tangire (no sing.) - giving (act of giving gu-tatana (nye) - to be dispersed, scattered

offering) (people, animals)



i-tangiriro (ama-) - beginning -tatu (37) - three



in-t~mgiriro (in-) - beginning ubu-tayu (no pI.) - wilderness, place with no

trees or houses

umu-tangizi (aba-) - beginner

in-taza (in-)(or, ama-taza) - rocks in water

in-tango (in-)(97) - large water pot

-te? (108) - how? (manner)

-tanu (37) - five

ubu-te (no pI.) - laziness

gu-t~myaguza (je) - to tear up kugira ubute - to be lazy

i-tara (ama-)(67) - lamp, lantern in-tebe (in- )(7) - chair, stool, bench

uru-tara (in-) - bed like they used to have igi-tebo (ibi-)(97) - basket (deep, no lid)

(poles and rope)

gu-tega (ze) - to set trap, to wait for

in-tara (in-) - region, area (also, kwitega)

gutega amashyi (24) - to hold out hands

aka-taraboneka (no pI.) - excellence, gutega amatwi (121) - to listen well

superbness

gu-teganya (nije) - to prepare (in sense of

-taraga (adj.) - safe and sound, in good health plan) for

ama-taratara (no sing.) - glasses(spectacles)

aga-teganyo (no pI.) - temporary, interim

in-tare (in-) - lion person e.g. umukozi w'agateganyo -

a temporary workman

igi-tare (ibi-) - white, whitish

teg-tez Page 52



umu-tegarugori (aba-) - mother (wearing move about, circulate, visit

"crown") (The "crown" is a raphia band

worn around the head indicating that the i-tembura (ama-) - stamp

mother has given birth.)

i-teme (ama- )(115) - small bridge

in-tege (in-)(120) - strength, force

umu-temeri (imi-) - lid, cover

intege nke (120) - weakness

gu-tera (ye)(107) - to plant, throw,

gu-tegeka (tse)(57) - to command, order, cause to do

rule gutera amahane - to make trouble

gutera (ijwi) hejuru (116) - to shout

imi-tegekere (no sing.) - administration, guterera - (ye) - to throw out

body of rules

gu-terana (nye) - to gather (int.), come

i-tegeko (ama-) - law, command, rule

together

gu-tegereza (je)(66) - to wait (for)

i-teraniro (ama-)(55) - meeting, get-

umu-tegetsi (aba-) - director together



umu-tego (imi-)(68) - trap, snare gu-teranya (nije) - to gather (tr.), add

in-tego (in-) - purpose, objective in-tere (in-) - unconscious, half-dead

gu-tegura (ye)(71) - to prepare gu-tereka (tse) - to place an object

i-tegura (ama-)(65) - roof tile igi-tereko (ibi-) - lampstand

in-teguza (in-) - one who prepares the way gu-tererana (nye) - to abandon

imi-teja (sing. rare)(63) - green beans imi-terere (no sing.) - nature (of something,

someone), what it's like, attitudes

gu-teka (tse)(22) - to cook (tr.)(in water)



i-teka (no pl.)(25) - always tereriyo (no prefix) - disobedient child

iteka ryose - forever, eternally gu-terura (ye) - to carry, lift up

gu-tekerereza (je) - to recount to in-teruro (in-) - sentence (gram.), phrase

gu-tekereza (je)(71) - to think about umu-tesi (aba-) - spoiled child

igi-tekerezo (ibi-) - thought, story, gu-teta (tse) - to joke, not take seriously,

narrative, idea, example, philosophy make light of, not experience difficulty



in-Hiko (in-) - group gu-tetesha (sheje) - to spoil (a child)

gu-tema (mye)(69) - to cut (tree, grass) umu-tetsi (aba-) - cook

gu-temba (mbye) - to flow (water) gu-tezuka (tse) - to reliquish, leave bit by

bit, give up gradually

gu-tembera (reye)(95) - to go for a walk,

Page 53 t i- tor



-ti (nti, uti, ati, etc.)(114) - says, saying -to (-toya)(8) - small, little, thin, young

(actually, like quotation marks) na gato - not at all

haba na gato - not at all

umu-ti (imi-)(17) - medicine, any mixed

preparation gu-toba (bye) - to disturb, trouble



igi-ti (ibi-)( 13) - tree, stick umu-tobe (imi-) - unfermented banana juice



umu-tiba (imi-) - beehive (empty) gu-tobora (ye) - to pierce, make a hole in



gu-tiga (ze) - to be dull (pencil, knife, etc.) in-toboro (in-)(84) - hole (not in ground)



gu-tigisa (shije) - to shake (tr.) gu-toha (shye) - to be green, fresh (as,

grass)

umu-tima (imi-)( 4) - heart

igi-toke (or, -ki)(ibi-)(15) - bunch of

umu-timanama (imi-) - conscience bananas, banana tree

agq-timba (udu) - mosquito netting

uru-toke (or, -ki)(in-) - banana plantation

gu-tinda (nze)(71) - to be late, slow, tardy,

uru-toki (in-)(23) - finger

delay

gukora mu ntoki - to shake hands

bidatinze - soon

bitinze - later, late, with delay

gu-tona (nnye) ku - to be a favorite with

gu-tindaganya (nye) - to hesitate, be slow igi-tbndo (ibi-)(31) - morning

ubu-tindi (no pI.) - misery, destitution, in-tonga (in-)(97) - large basket

poverty

gu-tongana (nye) - to quarrel

uru-tindo (in-)(115) - bridge of poles

gu-tbnganya (nije)(106) - to scold, rebuke

gu-tinga (nze) - to commit homosexual acts

umu-toni (aba-) - favorite (person)

umu-tini (imi-) - fig tree

ubu-toni (no pI.) - favoritism

gu-tinya (nye)(71) - to fear

gu-tonora (ye)(63) - to shell, husk, peel

gu-tTnyuka (tse)( 117) - to dare, be fearless (with fingers)



gu-tira (ze) - to borrow (that which will gu-tonyanga (nze) - to drip, fine rain

itself be returned)

gU-tOra (ye)(84) - to pick up, choose, elect,

gu-tirimuka (tse) - to leave (secretly) find lost object

ubu-tTtsa - without ceasing, continually i-tEira (ama-) - election

gu-tiza Ue) - to lend (that which will be

gu-tbragura (ye) - to pick up here and there,

returned)

choose out from among several

tor-tun Page 54



gu-toranya (nije)(84) - to pick out, uru-tugu (in-) - shoulder

choose (from group)

gu-tuka (tse) - to slander, insult, revile

in-tOre (in-) - a chosen thing, dancer (male)

gu-tukura (ye) - to be red

i-torero (ama-)(38) - church (people)

gu-tuma (mye)(39) - to send (person with

in-tbrezo (in-) - axe message); to cause, be the reason for



gu-toteza Ue) - to persecute igi-tuma (ibi-) - reason

ni iki gituma? - why?

-toto (8)(adj.) - green, unripe ni icyo gituma - that's why

bituma - that's why, which causes

igi-totsi (ibi-) - something in eye



ibi-totsi - sleepiness umu-tlimba (imi-) - trunk of banana tree



in-tozi (in-)(105) - pincher ants i-tumba - rainy season (Feb.-May)



gu-tsemba (mbye) - to destroy, exterminate in-tumbi (in-) corpse of animal, corpse of

criminal

gu-tslka (tse) - to stop, tie up boat

gu-tumbika (tse) - to soak in water

ama-tsiko (no sing.) - curiosity

gu-tumblra (riye) - to look at intently

aga-tsiko (udu-) - group (of people)

gu-tumburuka (tse) - to appear suddenly

umu-tsima (imi-)(4) - bread (not like

European) gu-tumira (ye) - to invite



igi-tsina (ibi-) - sex (male or female) gi-tumo - kugwa gitumo - to strike

igitsina-gabo - male (or happen) suddenly (unexpectedly)

igitsina-gore - female

ubu-tumwa (no pl.)(Z8) - message

gu-tsTnda (nze)(46) - to defeat, conquer, Ubutumwa Bwiza - Gospel

win, overcome, triumph over,

be successful gu-tunga (nze)(11 Z) - to possess, be rich



gu-tungana (nye) - to be perfect

gu-tsirita (se) - to rub hard (as to polish)

gu-tunganya (nije) - to perfect, clean up

aga-tsTtsino (udu-) - heel

un-tunge (46) - excuse me

gu-tsuka (tse) - to slide down hill on piece of

(when interrupting)

banana trunk

umu-tDngo (imi-) - possession (whether

gu-tsura (ye) - to move (tr.) a bit to one

large or small)

side, or down, to push for, strive for,

cause to advance

gu-tunguka (tse) - to appear suddenly

gu-tubura (ye) - to increase, multiply (tr.) gu-tungura (ye) - to come, happen

Page 55 tun-uba



unexpectedly igi-tutsi (ibi-) - slander, insult



ubu-tunguru (or, igi-, or, uru-) - onion gu-tuza Ue) - to be silent, quiet, peaceful



i-tuza (no pI.) - silence

umu-runzi (aba-)(21) - rich person (esp. in

cattle) igi-tuza (ibi-) - chest (of body)



ubu-tunzi (no pl.)(105) - wealth, Umu-twa (Aba-) - pygmy

possessions, riches (esp. in cattle)

gu-twama (mye) - to silence

gu-tura (ye) - to live, dwell, inhabit

gu-twara (ye)(68) - to carry (a load), take

gu-tura (ye) - to put down load, offer gift, away, rule

throw down

gutura abana Imana - to dedicate children ama-twara (no sing.) - attitude, conduct,

importance

igi-turage (ibi-)(92) - village, group of

huts, neighborhood umu-tware (aba-) - chief, heir



umu-tDrage (aba-) - neighbor ubu-tware (no pI.) - chieftainship,

authority, inheritance

gu-turama (mye) - to lie in wait to steal or

harm umu-twaro (imi-)(112) - burden, load



umu-tDranyi (aba-) - neighbor in-twaro (in-) - weapon(s)



gu-turika (tse) - to burst (int.) umu-twe (imi-)(4) - head



imi-turire (no sing.) - community twebwe (48) - we, us



ibi-turire - bribe ugu-twi (ama- )(32) - ear



gu-turisha (shije) - to silence, make quiet gu-tVliika (tse)(122) - to set fire to,

burn (tr.)

gu-turitsa (kije) - to burst (tr.)

gu-twlta (te) - to be pregnant

i-turo (ama-) - offering, gift to a superior

gu-tya (82) - like this

in-turo (in-) - dwelling place gu-tyo (82) - like that

ubu-turo (no pI.) - dwelling place gu-tyara (ye) - to be sharp

igi-turo (ibi-) - tomb, ditch containing dead

body

U

gu-turuka (tse) - to come from k-ubaha (shye)(59) - to reverence, respect,

honor

Umu-tutsi (Aba-) - member of ethnic group

of Banyarwanda

icy-ubahiro (no pl.)(85) - esteem, respect,

honor

uba-uny Page 56



k-ubahuka (tse) - to not respect, disrespect, icy-uma (iby-)(14) - iron, metal, tool,

dare knife, anything made of metal



k-ubaka (tse)(36) - to build icy-umba (iby-)(68) - room (in house)



imy-ubakire (no sing.) - manner of building umw-umbati (imy-) - manioc, cassava



iny-ubako (iny-) - building ak-umiro (no pI.) - astonishing thing



k-Qbama (mye) - to bend over, stoop down k-Gmirwa (we) - to be astonished, astounded



ubanza - perhaps, it's possible that... ; k-umva (vise)(39) - to hear, understand,

I think that... feel, taste, smell



umw-Dbatsi (ab-)(84) - builder k-umvira (ye)( 121) - to obey



k-ubika (tse) - to turn upside down k-umviriza (je)( 121) - to listen to

(as eavesdrop)

k-ubikira (ye) - to lie in ambush

icy-umweru (iby-)(62) - week

ubu (21) - now; (86) - this (8th c1.)

ku cyumweru - Sunday

ubu nyine (119) - right now

mu cyumweru gishize - last week

mu cyumweru gitaha - next week

ubundi (119) - at another time, some other

way, sometimes

k-[mama (mye) - to stoop down, bow

ubungGbu (21) - right away, this instant iny-undo (iny-)(65) - hammer

k-ubura (ye) - to raise (head, eyes) k-unga (nze) - to join (tr.), to reconcile

ubusa (103) - in vain k-unga ubumwe - to be united

ubwo - seeing that, now that, when, then k-lmgamo - to add (words)

k-ugama (mye) - to take shelter from rain umw-[mgeri (ab-)(41) - shepherd, pastor

(sometimes)

ubw-ugamo - shelter



ur-ugi (inzugi)(23) - door umw-ungu (imy-) - squash, pumpkin



k-uhagira (ye) - to bathe (tr.) iny-Qngu (iny-)(107) - profit, gain,

increase

umw-uka (imy-) - breath, spirit, steam

Umwuka Wera - Holy Spirit k-unguka (tse) - to gain, profit, increase

Mwuka Muziranenge - Holy Spirit

k-ungura (ye) - to cause to gain

uko - how

um-Onyu (imy-*)( 4) - salt

k-uma (mye)(107) - to dry (int.) *The reason for a plural of umunyu is that

long ago there used to be a marsh salt made

in-uma (in-) - dove, pigeon from burning certain leaves found in the

Page 57 ure-vun



marsh (before refined salt came into the womb

country). There was also a coarse rock

salt. So the plural could be used in ku-vanga (nze)(63) - to stir, mix

referring to these various kinds of salt.

See imyunyu in Zefaniya 2:9 i-vi (ama- )(77) - knee



vino (no pI. - foreign) - wine, ink

uretse - excluding, except for

ku-voma (mye)(79) - to bring water

urw-uri (no pI.) - pasture

i-vu (no pI.) - ashes

k-urira (ye) - to climb (as tree)

yuba (25) - soon, recently, quickly

k-ururuka (tse) - to climb down (tree)

vubaha - soon, recently

Uwiteka - the Eternal One

im-vubu (im-) - hippopotamus

icy-uya (iby-) - perspiration, sweat

kubira ibyuya - to perspire heavily ku-vuga (ze)(3) - to say, speak, mean, sound

(as drum)

icy-uzi (iby-) - pool

ku-vugama (mye) - to row (boat)

ur-uzi (inzuzi)(23) - river, stream

ku-vugana (nye) - to speak with someone

ubw-uzu (no pI.) - great joy, fulness, zeal

umu-vugizi (aba-) - (legal) representative

umw-uzukuru (ab-) - grandchild



k-uzura (ye)( 121) - to be full ku-vugurura (ye) - to renew, revive,

repair

k-uzuza (uj uje)( 121) - to fill (tr.)

ku-vuguruza Ue) - to contradict



iki-vuguto (ibi-) - c1abbered milk

v

ku-vuka (tse) - to be born

ku-va (vuye)(5, 55) - to come from, out of,

to leak, bleed; shine, rise (sun) ka-vukire (no pI.) - native, aboriginal, one

born in country

kuta-va ku izima - to be firm , stubborn ,

obstinate, adamant ku-vuma (mye) - to curse



im-va (im-) - grave, tomb ku-vumba (mbye) - to go about in search of a

drink

umu-vamahanga (aba-) - foreigner

im-vumba (im-) - sack (the old kind they

ku-vana (nye) - to take from (a certain

carried on shoulder)

place)

umu-vumu (imi-) - sycamore tree

umu-vandimwe (aba-) - brother, sister,

relative from same grandfather, of same ku-vuna (nnye)(122) - to break (tr.)

generation; literally, one out of same (something slender), assist

vun-yob Page 58



ku-vunagura (ye) - to break (tr.) to bits w

ku-vundereza (je) amadindwe - to spit on aka-wa (or, ikawa)(no pl.)(61) - coffee



iki-vunge (ibi-) cy'abantu - crowd we (48) - he, she, him, her, his, hers



ubu-vungukira - left-over bits, crumbs wa-we (3) - your (sing.)(wawe, bawe, yawe,

etc.)

ku-vunika (tse)(122) - to break (int.), as

bone wenda (44) - perhaps



i-vunja (ama-)(18) - jigger wenyine (120) - you alone, he alone, it alone



ku-vunja (nje) - to change money wowe (48) - you (sing.)



ubu-vunnyi (no pI.) - new site, assistance,

aid Y



umu-vunnyi (aba-) - defender, one who helps ku-yabangira (ye) ingata - to run fast (esp.

to escape being beaten)

im-vura (no pl.)(11) - rain

ku-yaga (ze) - to melt (as, butter)(int.)

ku-vura (ye)(52) - to treat, doctor, heal

ku-yaza (gije) - to cause to melt

i-vuriro (ama-)(91) - hospital, dispensary

ku-yaga (ze) - to visit a bereaved person

ku-vuruga (ze) - to beat, whip (as milk, (traditionally with gift of beer)

eggs, etc.)

umu-yaga (imi-)(21) - wind

im-vururu (im-) - riot, disorder, troubles

iki-yaga (ibi-)(99) - lake, ocean

ama-vuta (no sing.)(19) - butter, oil, fat

in-yangamugayo (in-) - blameless person

ku-vutsa (kije) - to cause to lose, hinder

from getting yego, yee (3) - yes



yenda (11 9) - perhaps

i-vutu (no pI.) - intemperance

in-yenyeri (in-) - star

ku-vuza (gije) - to knock down with

in-yenzi (in- )(105) - cockroach

ku-vuza (je or jije) - to take someone for

treatment Yezu (or, Yesu) - Jesus



ku-vuza (gije) - to play (an instrument), uru-yige (inzige)(24) - locust

make resound

iki-yiko (ibi-) (63) - spoon

umu-vuzi (aba-) - doctor, one who treats

aka-yiko (utu-)(63) - teaspoon

illness

ku-yoba (bye) - to lose the way, err

Page 59 yob-zim



ku-yobera (ye) - to perplex, dumbfound -zi (45)(no infinitive) - know



ku-yoberwa (we)(114) - to be mistaken, not umu-zi (imi-)(76) - root

know

ama-zi (no sing.)(19) - water

ku-yobora (ye) - to lead

urU-zi (see: ur-Ozi)

ku-yoboza (je) - to ask the way

aka-zi (no pl.)(26) - work, task, job

umu-yobozi (aba-) - leader, chairman (Le. employment)



in-iota (in-)( 45) - thirst iki-zibaho (ibi-) - dress



in-yuguti (in-) - letter (alphabet) ku-zibuka (tse) - to become open, unstopped



uru-yuki (inzuki)(24) - bee ku-zibura (ye) - to open, unstop



yuko (45) - that, if, whether uru-ziga (in-) - circle



in-yuma (118) - outside, behind ku-zigama (mye) - to save (as, money), keep



in-yungu - see: iny-ungu uru-zige (in-)(24) - locust



aka-yunguruzo (utu-) - sieve, strainer in-zlka (in-)(109) - grudge, crossness

kugira inzika - to be cross



Z umu-ziki (imi-) - music



ku-za (je)(25) - to come i-ziko (ama-)(18) - fireplace, stove (the 3

stones on which a cooking pot rests)

uru-zabibu (in-) - vineyard

-zima (adj.)(8) - alive, whole, healthy

umu-zabibu (imi-) - vines, grapes

i-zima, kudakurwa ku - to be firm, stubborn

Zaburi - Psalm

i-zima, kutava ku - to be firm, stubborn

iki-zamini (ibi-) - examination, test

ubu-zima (no pI.) - wholeness, life

ku-zamuka (tse)(56) - to go up hill

ku-zima (mye) - to go out, be extinguished

ku-zana (nye)(22) - to bring, come with

(fire)

ku-zana ingese - to become rusty

ku-zimana (nye) - to serve meal to guests,

in-zara (in-)(21) - hunger, famine give a feast



iki-zenga (ibi-) - pool ubu-zima-gatozi (no pI.) - "personnalite

civile", incorporation

ku-zenguzwa (jwe) - to be dizzy



ku-zerera (reye) - to wander about ku-zimira (ye)(102) - to be lost (lose the

way)

ku-zeyutsa (kije) - to disappoint

zim-zur Page 60



umu-zimu (aba-) - ancestral spirit, ghost in-zozi (in-) - dream



in-zimuzi (in-) - gossip in-zu (ama-)(7) - house, room



ama-zimwe (no sing.) - gossip i-zuba (ama-)(18) - sun



ku-zimya (mye) - to put out (fire) ku-zuka (tse) - to come to life, resurrect



i-zina (ama-)(41) - name i-zuka (no pI.) - resurrection



ama-zinda (no sing.) - forgetfulness umu-zuko (no pI.) - resurrection



ku-zinduka (tse) - to get up early umu-zungu (aba-)(47) - white person,

European

ku-z'inga (nze) - to fold, roll up, crumple

ku-zunguza (je) - to shake (head)

ku-zinukwa (tswe) - to stop loving, abandon

ku-zura (ye) - to raise from dead,

ku-zira (ze) - to be forbidden, taboo, to

resurrect (tr.)

exclude, oppose

i-zuru (ama-)(18) - nose, nostril

in-zira (in-)(7) - path, way

inzira y'ubusamu - a short cut

inzira y'uruboko - a round-about-way

***

-ziranenge - holy, pure, spotless

MwDka Muziranenge - Holy Spirit



ku-zirika (tse) - to tie an animal (to stake,

etc.)



ku-zirikana (nye) - to consider, think on,

ponder, meditate, be concerned about



ku-ziririza (jiririje) - to observe



ku-zitira (ye) - to plant (make) a hedge



uru-zitiro (in-) - hedge, fence



ku-zitura (ye) - to untie animal (from stake,

etc.)



ku-ziza (je) - to reproach, blame



in-zoga (in-)(85) - beer, alcoholic drink



in-zoka - (see: inz-oka)



in-zovu (in-) - ten thousand, elephant