THEMATIC_CHARTS

Ancient Civilizations Essay Chart

 Civilization-A community characterized by elements such as system of writing, development of social classes and creation of cities.



Ancient Political System Economic Activity Religious Beliefs Intellectual Activity Long lasting impact of the

Civilization/Geography civilization’s contributions

1.Egypt  Pharaoh- God * Farming along * Polytheistic  Advancements in * Art work

(EGYPTIAN) and King Nile River Science and Arts * Advancements in medicine

 Desert  Classes-  Mummification due to mummification

 Nile River- Travel Pharaoh, priests,  Calendar * Pyramid building

 Irrigation nobles,  Hieroglyphics * literature

 Silt Deposits craftspeople,  Temples * math

merchants,

peasants, slaves



2.China (SHANG, * King * Merchants and  Polytheistic- * Yin-Yang * Written language- pictographs

HAN, TANG) * Dynasties- Ruling craftspeople sold Spirits in Nature * Filial Piety * literature

families (Dynastic goods  Ancestor worship * Math * paper making

* Desert-Gobi

* Farmed

*Rivers: Huang He Cycle)  CONFUCIANISM * Science- Chemistry , * porcelain

(Yellow River), Yangzi-  DAOISM- Yin- Zoology * Block Printing

Silts Yang * Medicine- * Rudder

* Mountains- Himalayas Acupuncture, vaccines * Silk

* Jungles



* Jade



3. India  Strong leaders  Farmers/Traded  HINDUISM-  Math – Algorithms,  Hindu Religion

(Mauryan/Gupta) (led DYNASTIES)  Cotton grown created by Aryans zero,  Architecture

* Fertile Northern  Bureaucracies to make clothes and native Indians  Science- medicine  Schools

Plain  Salt produced  POLYTHEISTIC  Architecture  Literature-Riga Veda

* Rivers: Ganges,  Caste System  Writings- Sanskrit  Bureaucracy

Indus  Chemistry  Number system (Arabic

* Deccan plateau- Dry numerals), ZERO, Square

*Costal Plain: root

Farming, fishing and  Astronomy

trade  Music

Belief Systems

RELIGION BELIEFS HOLYBOOK IMPACT

 Buddhism  Rules:4 Noble Truths- All life is  Text:  Short Term:

Tripitaka “Three baskets of Wisdom”

 Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Suffering, Suffering is caused by - Separate from Hinduism

desires, to eliminate suffering- - Disregard the Caste System

(Nepal)- 500s BC…AKA-

eliminate desires, Follow the 8 - Rules for Buddhists to and Levels of discrimination

Buddha (Enlightened One)

Fold path

follow (monks, nuns),

 8 Fold Path- 8 RIGHT ways to

contains sermons, and  Long Term:

live your life - Non violence

discussions of Buddhist

 Karma/Dharma - Dali Lama

beliefs and Scriptures

 Reincarnation - Meditation

- Spirituality-Yoga

 Nirvana

- Laws (8 Fold path, Ahimsa)

 Rejects the Caste System - Missionaries

 Polytheistic and Monotheistic

 Hinduism  Rules: Dharma and Karma  Text: Vedas- Collection of  Short Term:

 Founder: None- Aryans/Indo  Universal Spirit- Brahman prayers and sacred verses - Unites people of India

European people who settled  POLYTHEISTIC- Brahma,  Upanishads- Philosophical - Creates common belief in

many gods

with Indians…4000 years ago Vishnu, Siva dialogues about Hindu - Gives guideline of how to

 Reincarnation beliefs live life

 Nirvana  Long Term:

 Moksha - Wars between Hindus and

 Caste System Muslims

- Legalized Discrimination

amongst the Castes

- Living right will lead to

Moksha

- Laws (Dharma, Karma,

Ahimsa)

- Missionaries









 Christianity  Rules: 10 Commandments  Text: Bible  Short Term:

 Founder: Jesus (30 CE) in - Monotheistic - Old Testament: Hebrew - Competition between gov’t

region of Palestine - Forgiveness Scripture, books of law, and religion (Roman

Empire)- Persecution

- Salvation history, poetry

- Becomes official religion of Roman - Heaven - New Testament: - Unites people of Middle East

Empire in 392 CE

- Alms giving Gospels, writings

- Holy Days

 Long Term:

- Salvation

- Forgiveness

- Holy Wars-Crusades

- Missionaries

- Guidance

- Laws (10 Commandments)





 Islam  Rules: 5 Pillars of Faith  Text: KORAN (QURAN)  Short Term:

 Founder: Mohammad (622 - One God- Allah - Holy War (Jihad)

- Pray 5X a day toward - Unite People of Middle East

CE)

- Mecca, Saudi Arabia Mecca

 Long Term:

- Alms Giving - Religious tensions in Middle

- Ramadan East- (Jihad) (Arab –Israeli

- Hajj Wars) (Palestine vs. Israel)

 Monotheistic - Mosques (Architecture)

- Algebra

- Hospitals/exams

Change Essay Chart

 Revolution- An event that happened that caused CHANGE to occur

 Turning Point- An event that happened that RESULTED in CHANGE

Choose 3 different Areas (or Empires/Nations) from around the world.

Areas Describe the important people associated Describe changes: Political, Social and

with rise of the Area (Empire/Nation) Economic that occurred in these empires

1. Wittenberg, Germany (spreads to Switzerland Martin Luther- 95 Theses * Political- Church and the Government challenged

and England) by the people

John Calvin- Calvinism (Predestination)

* Social- New religion (Protestant)

**Protestant Reformation Henry VIII- Church of England arises…Religious Unity comes to an end in mid

(1517CE) 1500s



* Economic- Catholic Church lost supporters and

money because of Sale of Indulgences (scam)



2. Florence, Italy Leonardo Di Vinci- The Last Super, Mona Lisa, *Political- King’s power increases after Middle

Inventor Ages…Governments and popes support that arts.

** Renaissance

(1300-1650 CE) Machiavelli- The Prince * Social- Art reflects the time…Humanism-

Individuality and the human are subjects of the arts

Michelangelo- David (music, writing, paintings,

architecture)..PRINTING PRESS

Petrarcha- Sonnets

Economic- Banking Family (Medici) support arts

William Shakespeare- Romeo and Juliet (patrons-give money)** Trade Increases as does

CULTURAL DIFFUSION

3. Roman Empire Caesars- leaders compete for power  Political- No central Government, invaders

Invaders- Franks (Clovis, Charles the Hammer move in , Catholic Church will rise to

** Fall of Roman Empire Martel, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne) power…MIDDLE AGES

(476 CE)  Social- Feudal Hierarchy, Catholic Church will

control people through FEAR (Hell,

excommunication)

 Economic- Manorialism- Self Sufficient

Society evolves

Economic Systems Essay Chart



Economic Systems: Define the Where does it or Who are/were the Positive impacts Negative impacts

economic system: did it exist? key players in the because of the because of the

development of the economic system: economic system:

system?

1. Capitalism (Market Economic System Western Europe Medici (Italy) * World trade increased - Competition on World

Economy) where means of United States, Mexico, Adam Smith Market

production are privately Canada (Economist-Scotland) * Private Ownership of

owned and the purpose goods and Production - Exploitation of Cheap

is to make a profit…The Labor

buying and selling of * Access to many goods

Good and Services (Mass production and - Greed

(Supply and Demand) Demand)

2. Communism Economic system Former Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, Mao Ze * All share in - Lack of incentive to

(Command Economy) controlled by Vietnam, North Korea, Dong, Fidel Castro, production work harder

GOVERNEMNT- No China, Cuba Kim Il Sung

private ownership * Government - Collectivization

Controlled

- Poverty

* Guaranteed jobs

3.Traditional Economic System based Rural areas all over the Neolithic * Villages and - Urbanization takes

on the ways of the past world peoples….Those who communities arise land

settled to survive - technology limited #

* Availability of fresh of people needed

foods (from farms) - Little surplus

* Healthy diets

POLITICAL SYSTEMS ESSAY CHART



Political System Area of the World affected Define the type of Rules of political system Affect political system had

by political system leadership (dictator, on citizen’s lives.

emperor, monarch, etc.) (positive/negative)

1. Monarchy England (Henry VIII), France Government controlled by * Monarch controls central - Law making Body did not

(Louis XIV, XV, XVI), King or Queen whose power power share power with Monarch

Spain (Phillip II) comes from the Divine Right - Citizens rights limited

Theory -Voting Power limited



+ Education and Social

Services provided for some



2.Totalitarian Germany (Hitler), Soviet Government Controlled by 1 * Abide by Leader - No privacy, rights or free

Union (Lenin, Stalin), Italy ruler who holds ALL the will

(Mussolini) power: * Do not speak negatively

* Use of purges and Secret about Government - Discrimination

Police to keep control

* Remain Loyal + Services (health and

education) provided by

*Nuremburg Laws (Hitler’s government

Germany)

3.Democracy Ancient Greece (ATHENS) Government where the Representative - Only land owning males

citizens ELECT Leader and Government… officials make could partake in Ancient

have a direct say in decisions based on voice of Greece

government….Right to Vote the people +Rights granted to citizens

(Direct Vote)

Influential People



PERSON Event /Influence and Impact of change caused by person

 From Where Cause of Event/Influence

 Time Period (year)

1. Person- Gandhi Event: - Through Non violence and Passive Resistance (SALT MARCH,

- Worked for Peace between BOYCOTTING of BRITISH made GOODS), Gandhi showed the world

Hindus and Muslims the violations inflicted by the British upon the Indian people.

 Where- India - Fought for Indian Independence - India is granted Independence from Britain in 1947

 When- late 1800- from Britain. - India becomes a Democracy

1947CE Cause: Britain imperialized - In 1947 India is PARTITIONED into Pakistan (Muslim State) and India

India and used their natural (Hindu State)

resources(cotton and salt). - J. Nehru becomes Prime Minister of India

Limited Indian rights (right to - Gandhi’s NON VIOLENT actions will influence others around the world

assemble) (Martin Luther King Jr., Bobby Kennedy)

2. Person- Johannas Gutenburg Event: Creation of the Printing - Books, information and ideas spread rapidly

Press - Increase of access to books equals increase in EDUCATION

- Price of books falls…can be made faster and cheaper

 Where- Germany - PROTESTANT REFORMATION occurs with the spreading of the 95 Theses

Cause: Handwriting of books

 When- 1450s in pamphlet form (printed all across Europe)

was slow and expensive.

- Bibles printed in the vernacular of the people

- CULTURAL DIFFUSION increases across the world



3. Person- Mikhail Gorbachev Event: Glasnost and Perestroika -Gorbachev allows for people to speak openly regarding the problems of

- Fall of Communism Communism (GLASNOST)

- He works to fix the economy (PERESTROKIA)

 Where- Soviet Union

Cause: Weak economy, abuses - He brings an end to communism in Eastern Europe and the dictatorship of the

of former dictators

 When- 1985 Soviet Union.

- Fall of communism brings UNIFICATION to GERMANY (Berlin Wall torn

down)

- Gorbachev, with the help of President Ronald Regan (1989) bring and end to

the COLD WAR

Culture and Intellectual Life (Global Interactions)

 Global Interaction- The interaction between nations and cultures of the world leading to CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Areas of the World that Interacted: What was CULTURALLY DIFUSSED between the Political, Social and Economic Impacts of the interaction

areas: between cultures: (Long Term Impacts {effects})

1. China, Middle East and Europe -Silks, Porcelain, ideas, writing, religion P- New ideas regarding gov’t (Emperor vs. Kings-

(CONFUCIANISM and DAOISM )and technology Mandate of Heaven/Divine Right Theory)…Civil Service

(From CHINA to EUROPE) Exam for Gov’t officials (China to Europe)

SILK ROAD (4000 mile trade Route) - Clothes, spices, religion (Judaism, Christianity and

Islam), language, literature (From Middle East to China) S- CULTURAL DIFFUSION- Awareness of other

people and their lifestyles and ideals (religion)..Increase

in Education



E- New Trade Network leads to wealth and dependence

on other region for new goods and resources

2. Europe, Africa and New World (Americas) -From Europe to Africa: Furniture, Christianity, food, P- Loss of tribal connections when sent to

people, literature, language, tobacco, rum Americas…Under control of European Kings

-From Africa to New World: People (African Slaves), - European Gov’t IMPERIALIZE New World and extend

Triangle Slave Trade (ATLANTIC TRADE ROUTE) African language, stories, goods, religious ideals the size of their nations

(Animism), animals, plants, food (MIDDLE PASSAGE) S- Africans and Native American are culturally stripped

- From New World to Europe- Raw materials (lumber, of their religious ideals and customs.

plants, crops), religious ideals (Polytheism), Gold, Silver, - Europeans learn new farming and surviving techniques

people (Natives) from Natives and Africans

- Death of Native Americans and African Slaves

E- European Wealth increases because of new territories

and the Natural Resources and the FREE LABOR

SOURCE (Native American and Africans) they contain

3. China, Korea and Japan Japan will receive from Korea and China: Chinese P- Japan will send people to China to learn of the Chinese

system of writing, Zen Buddhism, Confucianism, filial governmental system (rigid social order)

piety, loyalty, tea drinking, music, dancing, garden

design. S- Japanese will adopt new customs and ideals (religious

KOREA was the cultural bridge connecting Japan with and art)…Warfare also occurs between Japan and Korea

mainland Asia. China and Korea will learn about (Causing cultural Diffusion)

Japanese Culture, religion (Shintoism) and metal

working. E- Japan will increase trade with Korea and China

GEOGRAPHY ESSAY CHART

Geographic Features Nation/Area of the World Positive affects of Features Negative affects of Features

1. Mountains Japan/Asia + MTs: Protect against invaders- - Mts: lack of land to farm on

Hard for them to get in to area

- Mts and Islands: Creates

+ MTs: Used for Terrace Farming separation amongst the people of

Japan (homogeneous society)

2. Islands + Islands: Irregular coastline good

for trade and communicating with - Islands: Kept Japan ISOLATED

other areas from other areas of the world for a

long period of time.

1. Sahara Desert North and East Africa/Africa + Desert- protection from invaders - Desert- Lack of farmland

+ River- Farming, Transportation,

growth of civilization, - Desert- Hindered Cultural

+ River- Increases communication Diffusion

2. Nile River and CULTURAL DIFFUSION -River- Left areas open to invasion

between areas of Africa and takeover

- River- Flood and destroy land,

farms and people

1. Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates Middle East + River- Farming, Transportation, -River- Left areas open to invasion

growth of civilization, and takeover

+ River- Increases communication - River- Flood and destroy land,

2. Natural Resources: OIL and CULTURAL DIFFUSION farms and people

between areas of Middle East

+OIL- natural resources of great -Oil- price fluctuates due to profit

value that creates worldwide making of producing nations.

dependence - Oil- Limited Natural Resource

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Science and technology have played a critical role in altering

GEOGRAPHY

Human Impact EVENT CHANGE THAT RESULTED

(DEFINE)

1. FOSSIL FUELS  Fossil fuels are any carbon bases fuel derived  However, recent science has suggested that the use

from the decomposed remains of prehistoric of fossil fuels has damaged the environment, and

plants and animals. many groups are pushing for cleaner forms of

energy.

 The burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal,

 Another result of burning fossil fuels is Global

peat, petroleum, and natural gas have allowed Warming. It is the rising of the average temperature

human to develop many different technologies worldwide.

to improve life.  The Middle East is a major producer of fossil fuels,

 The Industrial Revolution that while the industrialized nations in Europe and North

changed the world was fueled by this America are the major users.

resource.  Many countries around the world have been

 Today, fossil fuels power our cars, heat our working to limit these destructive forces (alternative

fuel for cars, factory operation restrictions)

homes, and run the factories that manufacture

everything we use in our lives.

2. NUCLEAR POWER  The use of nuclear power and the building of  This accident release large amounts of radiation that

nuclear weapons represents a very great not only affected the immediate area, but also was

threat to the environment. carried on strong winds across many countries in

Europe.

 The biggest threat comes from nuclear

 The effects of this accident have to date been an

accidents, such as the accident at the increase in cancer victims, numerous birth defects,

Chernobyl Power Plant in Ukraine in 1986. and the destruction of many acres of good land.

 Use to make weapons of Mass Destruction,  The other problem with nuclear power is the waste

which causes tensions between nations of the products produced.

world  Storage of this material and the potential for

accidents with it are the concern of the major

nuclear powers.

 The dumping of this material into the sea or burial

underground has been outlawed by international

treaty, but many of these countries are still

searching for safe disposal solutions.

 As the use of nuclear power becomes more

prevalent, these issues will have to be addressed.

SUGESTIONS: Acid Rain, Nuclear Power, Desertification, Deforestation, Global Warming, Ozone Layer, Pollution, Fossil Fuels

ROLE OF WOMEN

Throughout history, social and political factors have influenced the roles of women in different societies. As a result, the roles of women have varied across time

and indifferent places

Society (Area of the World) Roles in given Society Changes

1. Great Britain- Industrial Revolution  Middle class women ran the household

while their husbands were away at work.  Over time many of these restrictions were

 They were responsible for overseeing any lifted as women became active in

servants, maintaining the home, and the governing of their lives

raising and educating of the children.  Women began to demand greater political

 Lower class women worked long hours in and social rights in the mid 19th century.

factories for less pay than men. They These rights included suffrage, or the

had the double burden of taking care of right to vote.

the household and family after returning  Many countries were opposed to letting

from factory work. women have this right, and as a result

were slow to change. It was not until the

beginning of the 20th century that

women were allowed to vote in most

western democracies including Great

Britain (1918, 1928)

2. Women in Asia (China and India)  In early China, women managed  Women have enjoyed near equality with

household finances, supervised servants, men during certain time periods

 China : and managed the family.  Have lost these rights with the changing

- Confucianism:  boys were still valued over girls because of political or social institutions

 5 Relationships girls became part of their husband's (COMMUNISM in China)

 Filial Piety family, and were never allowed to return.  Outlawing Caste System in Urban India

- Daoism  In India, women were restricted by Hindu law. ….Women have served as PRIME MINISTERS

 Yin-Yang Upper class women were restricted to the (INDIRA GHANDI)

 India: home and were forced to completely cover  GROWTH of DEMOCRACY in India

- Caste System themselves before leaving.

 Lower class women worked the fields and

maintained the home and family.





Suggestions: Women in Ancient China, Women in the British workforce (1700-1900’s), Women in African Villages

JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION CAUSE OF VIOLATION (Examples of Effort being/or has been made to

(Has or Is Occurring) ABUSES) address the VIOLATION)

1. Violations in Africa due to  Africa was controlled by Europe to  In 1994, the United Nations had

IMPERIALISM provide raw materials and new concluded a peace agreement to end

markets for industrialized goods. This the violence in their country.

period, known as Imperialism, Unfortunately, it was short lived.

had a negative effect on African  Since this time, UN Peacekeeping

culture and did not completely end forces have worked to end the

until after World War II. violence, with little success

 A major effect of Imperialism on

Africa is tribalism. When the

Europeans took control, they redrew

Africa's boundaries to suit

themselves. They had little regard for

the tribal boundaries already in

place.

 This resulted in violence, civil war,

a lack of political, social, and

economic unity in many African

nations. (Hutu vs. Tutsi in RWANDA)

 Tribal rivalries had existed for years

between these groups, often leading

to violence since independence. The

Hutu dominated Rwandan army

initiated a genocide against the

Tutsi, killing more than a million of

them in under a year. This was ended

when a Tutsi rebel army seized the

government

2. African in SOUTH AFRICA  European settlers had ruled South  The African National

Africa since the mid 17th century. Congress, a group formed in

While South Africa gained protest of Apartheid, was eventually

independence from the British Empire outlawed due to their violent tactics.

in the beginning of the 20th century,  One of its leaders, Nelson

the country was still controlled by the Mandela, was imprisoned for over

white minority. thirty years for his involvement in

 Black South Africans lived under the anti-apartheid demonstrations.

policy of apartheid, which severely Apartheid lasted until the early 1990s

limited their rights. when white South African President,

 Under apartheid, black South Africans F. W. de Klerk ended apartheid.

could only live in certain areas, were  In 1994, Nelson Mandela was elected

required to use separate trains, as South Africa's first black president.

beaches, restaurants, and schools, However, many human rights

and could not enter into an interracial problems still exist in this country, as

marriage. white South Africans still control most

of the economic wealth.

3. Jews in Germany  One of Adolf Hitler's main goals once  The treatment of the Jews by the Nazis in

taking control of Germany was the World War II was a motivating factor of the

extermination of the Jews United Nations (An international body

 The Jewish population of Europe had often composed of many countries that seeks to

been persecuted due to their religious promote peace, prosperity, and cooperation

difference from the majority Christian around the world. It was formed in 1945 at

population. the end of World War II.) in writing the

 The Holocaust would mark a turning point in Universal Declaration of Human Rights

that persecution.  A document published by the United Nations

 The Holocaust was the systematic murder of in 1948 stating that all people had certain basic

over 6 million Jews. Another 9 to 12 million rights including life, liberty, equality, justice

Gypsies, homosexuals, African-European, and and self determination

mentally ill people were also murdered.

 Hitler began his program by first limiting the

rights of Jews. (NURENBURG LAWS) Jews

were restricted to a separate part of town,

called a Ghetto

 could no longer run businesses, nor could they

marry outside of their race

 As World War II progressed, Hitler began

forcing them into concentration

camps, where they were either immediately

murdered, usually by poison gas, or used as

slave labor until they died. Their bodies were

disposed of through cremation in the

concentration camp ovens.

 The Nazis also used Jews in horrific pseudo

medical experiments.

Suggestions: Christians in the early Roman Empire, native peoples in Spain’s American colonies, untouchables in India, Blacks in South Africa, Jews in

Nazi Germany, Muslims in Bosnia