SYLLABUS OF QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Characterization of procaryotic cells, their shape, size, and arrangement. Spores.
2. Internal structure in bacteria (nucleoid, plasma, cell membrane,mesosomes).
3. Cell wall of bacteria.
4. Surface structures of bacteria.
5. Morphology and multiplication of viruses.
6. Chemical structure of microorganisms.
7. Metabolism of bacteria. Autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle.
8. Catabolism. Glycolytic cycle.
9. Enzymes in bacteria.
10. Reproduction of bacteria.
11. Genotype and phenotype. Mutation of bacteria.
12. Gene transfer. Conjugation, transformation, transduction. Lysogenic conversion.
13. Plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences.
14. Pathogenicity and virulence of microorganisms.
15. Characterization of bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins.
16. Factors of bacterial invasivness.
17. Decontamination. Sterilization.
18. Disinfection.
19. Antibiotics. Effects, resistance, tests of susceptibility, danger of antibiotherapy.
20. Penicillins.
21. Cephalosporins and carbapenems.
22. Chloramphenicol and tetracyclines.
23. Macrolides and lincosamides.
24. Aminoglycosides and vancomycin.
25. Quinolones and antimycobacterial agents.
26. Antifungal agents.
27 Microorganisms in healthy humans. Endogenous and nosocomial infections.
28. Humoral mechanisms of immunity.
29 Cellular mechanisms of immunity.
30. Antigens and antibodies. Serologic reactions.
31. Active and passive immunization. Vaccines.
32. Classification of viruses. Virus-host cell interactions. Antiviral agents.
SYLLABUS OF QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
SPECIAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Staphylococcus.
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
3. Streptococcus pyogenes.
4. Streptococcus agalactiae.
5. Viridans streptococci and Enterococcus.
6. Neisseria meningitidis.
7. Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
8. Escherichia coli.
9. Salmonella.
10. Shigella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, and Proteus.
11. Pseudomonas.
12. Vibrio.
13. Campylobacter.
14. Haemophilus.
15. Bordetella.
16. Francisella tularensis.
17. Brucella.
18. Legionella.
19. Bacteroides and Fusobacterium.
20. Bacillus.
21. Clostridium perfringens.
22. Clostridium tetani.
23. Clostridium botulinum and C. difficile.
24. Corynebacterium.
25. Listeria.
26. Actinomyces and Nocardia.
27. Mycobacterium.
28. Treponema.
29. Borrelia.
30. Leptospira.
31. Mycoplasma.
32. Rickettsia.
33. Chlamyda and Chlamydophila.
34. Superficial (cutaneous) mycoses.
35. Systemic mycoses.
36. Candida.
37. Amebae.
38. Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis.
39. Plasmodium.
40. Toxoplasma gondii and Pneumocystis carinii.
41. Leishmania.
42. Trypanosoma.
43. Enterobius and Trichuris.
44. Ascaris and Toxocara.
45. Ancylostoma (Necator) and Trichinella.
46. Schistosoma.
47. Taenia.
48. Echinococcus.
49. Diphyllobothrium and Hymenolepis.
50. Adenoviruses.
51. Herpes simplex virus.
52. Varicella zoster virus.
53. Epstein - Barr virus.
54. Cytomegalovirus.
55. Poxvirus.
56. Papovaviruses.
57. Hepatitis A virus.
58. Hepatitis B virus and delta agent.
59. Influenza viruses.
60. Morbillivirus.
61. Parainfluenza viruses and mumps virus.
62. Enteroviruses.
63. Rotaviruses.
64. Filoviruses and arenaviruses.
65. Rubella virus.
66. Lyssavirus.
67. Retroviruses.
68. Prion agents.
SYLLABUS OF QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
PRACTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Collection and transport of clinical materials to microbiological examinations
2. Light and dark field microscopy
3. Gram staining
4. Acid-fast staining
5. Staining according to Giemsa
6. Microbic vaginal pictures
7. Cultivation of aerobic microorganisms – general principles
8. Cultivation of aerobic microorganisms – inoculation of clinical material
9. Cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms
10. Disk susceptibility test, combinations of antimicrobial drugs
11. Standard dilution micromethod - MIC method, assay for beta- lactamases
12. Agglutination
13. Serotyping of Escherichia coli
14. Complement fixation test
15. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay)
16. Serodiagnosis of lues (VDRL, TPHA, TPIT)
17. Differential diagnosis of gram-negative rods
18. Differential diagnosis of staphylococci
19. Differential diagnosis of streptococci and enterococci
20. Differential diagnosis of corynebacteria
21. Differential diagnosis of haemophili and neisseriae
22. Differential diagnosis of anaerobic bacteria
23. Differential diagnosis of parasite eggs
24. Differential diagnosis of yeasts (assimilation and fermentation profiles)
25. Evaluation of mould cultures
26. Serodiagnosis of influenza