Research Terms
Educational research Descriptive research Secondary sources
General process for inquiry Correlational research Qualitative research methods
Basic research Experimental research Independent variable
Applied research Causal-comparative/Ex post facto Dependent variable
Qualitative research questions research Internal validity
Quantitative research questions Historical research External validity
Primary sources
Assessment Terms
Reliability Test-retest reliability Errors of measurement
True score? Internal consistency Alternate-forms reliability
Split-half reliability Face validity Validity
Content validity Predictive validity Criterion validity
Concurrent validity Consequential validity. Convergent validity
Discriminant validity Norm-referenced Standardized test?
Nonstandardized test? Percentile rank Criterion-referenced
Observed score Grade-equivalent score
Motivation Terms
If appropriate – in addition to understanding the terms, answer “and the effect of ____ on
motivation of learners is _______.”
Self regulation Self efficacy Expectancy x value theory
personal causation/self-agency Feedback sources Extrinsic motivation
Praise and motivation Intrinsic motivation Rewards and Intrinsic motivation
Overjustification Continuing motivation (volition) ARCS Model/Keller
Fixed Malleable Attribution theory
Efforts (hard work) Abilities (born with it) Task factors (easy or difficult)
Luck Self-determination theory Locus of control
Goal setting – proximal and distal Helplessness Outcome expectations
Ego involvement and motivation Ego involved Task involved
Entity and incremental theories of Maslow and hierarchy of needs
intelligence
Behaviorist Views of Learning Terms
Classical conditioning Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Neutral stimulus
Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response Higher order conditioning Generalization
Extinction Law of effect Operant conditioning Antecedent
Contingency contract Discriminative stimulus Contingent stimulus Operant response
Baseline of behavior Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment
Reinforcement Removal Primary reinforcer Conditioned reinforcer Premack principle
Cueing Learning helplessness Extinction Response cost
Timeout Shaping Chaining Fading
Fixed ratio schedule Fixed interval schedule Variable ratio schedule Variable interval schedule
Skinner Thorndike Token economy Instructional objective
Program of behavioral Contingencies of Teaching machines
change reinforcement
Social Learning Theory Terms
Reciprocal determinism Representational systems Model
Live model Symbolic model Verbal descriptions
Direct reinforcement Vicarious reinforcement Vicarious punishment
Functional value Self-reinforcement Attentional processes
Retentional processes Motor reproduction processes Motivational processes
Perceived self-efficacy Enactive attainment Vicarious experiences
Verbal persuasion Physiological state Response-outcome expectancy
Bandura
Information Processing Terms
Sensory memory Retrieval Stroop effect Selectivity
Verbal Episodic memory Bottom-up/data driven Automaticity
Auditory Semantic memory Top-down/conceptually Controlled process
Working memory/short- Memory capacity driven Recency effect
term memory Pattern recognition Gestalt Primacy effect
Long-term memory Template matching Closure Recall
Encoding Prototype model Proximity Recognition
Fostering encoding Feature analysis Similarity Forgetting
Rehearsal Past experience Encoding specificity Ausabel
Elaborative rehearsal Objectivist Dual encoding Gagne
Network Models Mental Models Scripts Schema
Restructuring Tuning Accretion ACT-R
Productions Neural Network
Piaget Terms
Scheme Physical knowledge Propositional logic Social knowledge
Sensorimotor period Reflex Circular reactions Accommodation
Mental combinations Negation Preoperational period Semiotic function
Egocentrism Centration Transductive logic Internalization
Pseudoconcepts animism Assimilation Induction
Operational thinking Equilibration Transitivity Seriation
Reversible thinking Thinking Formal operational Deduction
hypothetically period
Conservation of Concrete operational Object constancy or Logical-mathematical
quantity/number, period permanence knowledge
mass/volume, density
Interactional Theories/Constructivism Terms
Interpretivist Iconic representation Symbolic representation
Enactive Vygotsky Bruner
Inside out Outside In Spiral curriculum
Discovery learning Concept attainment Narrative thinking
Mediational view Intrapsychological plane Interpsychological plane
Zone of proximal development Actual development Potential development
Scaffolding Constructivist learning goals Teacher-centered instruction
Multiple perspectives Social negotiation Viability
Ownership Self-awareness Learner-centered principles
Learner-centered instruction Constructivist conditions for
learning
Erikson Human Development
8 stages of development (crisis, Identity Achievement Identity Foreclosure
age) Moratorium Identity Diffusion
Individual Variation
Personality Interests Intelligence
IQ General Intelligence Specific Intelligence
Aptitude Treatment Interactions Fluid Intelligence Crystallized Intelligence
Big Five Personality Traits
Instructional Strategies
Advance organizers Anchored instruction Apprenticeship
Case studies Case-based learning Cognitive apprenticeship
Concept attainment Concept map Cooperative/Collaborative
learning
Demonstration Direct instruction/teaching Discovery learning
Discussion groups Drill Goal-based scenario
Guided discovery Inquiry teaching Jigsaw
Journaling Learning centers/modules/stations Lecture
Modeling Portfolio Problem-based learning
Reciprocal teaching Role play Scaffolding
Service learning Simulation Socratic teaching
SQ3R Teacher questions – types of Webquest
KWL
Situated Cognition Terms
Community of practice Affordance Everyday cognition
Mutually negotiated goal Legitimate peripheral Peripheral
participation
Inbound Insider Boundary
Outbound Semiosis Cognitive apprenticeship
Learning community Conceptual knowledge Authentic activity
Distributed cognition Unit of analysis
Biological Bases of Learning Terms
Neuron Dendrite Axon Synapse
Cell assembly Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Hippocampus Attention
Types of memory Language Critical/Sensitive periods Experience expectant
Experience dependent Plasticity Synapotgenesis Mylination
Modularity 7 (9) intelligences (what Complex environments
they are/how defined)