NOUN
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all nouns: 1. Late last year our neighbors bought a goat. 2. Portia White was an opera singer. 3. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers' passes. 4. according to Plutarch, the library at Alexandria was destroyed in 48 B.C. 5. Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving. A noun can function in a sentence as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, an adjective or an adverb.
Singular Noun Definition: When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular. Examples: boy, girl, book, church, box Plural Noun Definition: When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural. Examples: boys, girls, books, churches
RULES FOR NOUNS
From the grammatical point of view there is not so much of diversity with nouns than there is for verbs. In principle only three different forms of nouns are represented, namely the unmarked form (which is identical with the root), the genitive and the plural, both of the later are identical in their phonemic resp. orthographic structure. Consequently the implementation of the one is only a reference to the other. Rules for nouns are implemented for the pronunciation and for the spelling:
In nouns that end in the letter `y' the `y' is replaced by `ies' in the spelling transcription of genitive and plural forms In parallel to the rules of the third person singular present tense forms of verbs the pronunciation of nouns varies according to the final phoneme.
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun. lamp cat fork flower pen lamps cats forks flowers pens
Rule #2
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es. moss buzz mosses buzzes
box dish church
boxes dishes churches
Rule #3
Those words ending with us Example: cactus, cacti
Rule #4
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s. Example: boy, boys; day, days days plays toys joys essays valleys turkeys alleys chimneys volleys
Rule #5 most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es. Example: hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes motto potato hero mango mosquito tomato mottoes potatoes heroes mangoes mosquitoes tomatoes
Rule #6
some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves. Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives; knife, knives
Rule #7
Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to - ies. Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies baby beauty city babies beauties cities injury history study injuries histories studies
IRREGULAR PLURALS:
man, men woman, women child, children foot, feet tooth, teeth ox, oxen mouse, mice louse, lice goose, geese
SINGULAR NOUN SENTENCES
1.When Matthew was small he rarely told the truth if he thought he was going to be punished.
2. As they walked through the silent house. they were startled by an unexpected echo. 3. He tripped over a box left carelessly in the hallway. 4. The harbour at Marble Mountain has one wharf. 5. Warsaw is their favourite city because it reminds them of their courtship. 6. The children circled around the headmaster and shouted, "Are you a mouse or a man?" 7. There is a book on the table. 8. There is one window in the room. 9. Susan has one poster. 10. There is one pen on the floor.
PLURAL NOUN SENTENCES
1. There are several wharves in Halifax Harbour. 2. The vacation my grandparents won includes trips to twelve European cities. 3. The audience was shocked when all five men admitted that they were afraid of mice. 4. Since we are moving, we will need many boxes. 5. I like to shout into the quarry and listen to the echoes that returned. 6. Many people do not believe that truths are self-evident. 7. I read seven stories to my son. 8. All my dreams came true when you became my wife. 9. We never noticed the frogs that were sitting on the salad. 10. Mrs. Dale insisted that her properties tax were too high.
Prepared By: Mohammad Umair Sheikh BBA-l Roll No: NI-F7-BBA-212