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Threats to Internal Validity

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Threats to Internal Validity
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posted:
11/23/2011
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Threats to Internal Validity

Between-groups Design

Participants







Group 1 Group 2

Experimental Group Control Group





Treatment

No Treatment

(Independent Variable)





Measurement Measurement

(Dependent Variable) (Dependent Variable)

Within-groups Design

(Repeated Measures)

Participants







Pretest

(Measure Dependent Variable)





Treatment

(Independent Variable)





Posttest

(Measure Dependent Variable)

Campbell & Stanley’s 8 Threats to

Internal Validity

 1) _________



 Groups _______ before the study began



 Don’t allow _____-________

 Don’t allow arbitrary assignment

 Use ________ assignment

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 2) Selection X __________



 Experimental and control groups have

________ _______apart (developed

differently)



 Difference is due to developmental change,

not ___________

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 3) _________ Effects



 Tendency for ________ scores to revert back

to ________ levels



 Cover of Sports Illustrated Example

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 4) ________



 Groups differ due to

 ______ of participants

 throughout study

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 5) ___________



 Change in participants due to _______

causes not treatment



 Examples: physical, biological changes

(hungrier, older, bored)

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 6) ________



 Participants change due to _______ occurring

in outside world, environment



 Example: 9/11

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 7) ________



 ________ itself changes participants



 “Practice Effect” – _________ effect caused

by previous experience with the dependent

measure

8 Threats to Internal Validity

 8) ___________



 Changes in ___________ can change

participant responses



 Example: change in researchers,

measurement tool


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