Wind Energy
By
ALTEM POWER LIMITED
Defining Wind Power
• Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as electricity, using wind turbines
• Wind energy systems convert the kinetic energy to more useful forms of
power
• Wind energy continues to be the fastest growing Renewable Energy Source
with worldwide wind power installed capacity reaching 14,000 MW
• Five nations – Germany, USA, Denmark, Spain and India – account for 80%
of the world’s installed wind energy capacity
Why Renewable ?
• Global climate change threatens our economy, national security and the
physical landscape itself, denying the urgency of global warming. That is why
we cannot abandon the Kyoto Protocol, which calls for industrialized nations
to take the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
• Carbon credits are a key component of national and international attempts
to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One
Carbon Credit is equal to one ton of Carbon. Carbon trading is an application
of an emissions trading approach
• The objective of the Kyoto climate change conference was to establish a
legally binding international agreement, whereby all the participating nations
commit themselves to tackling the issue of global warming and greenhouse
gas emissions. The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2%
from 1990 levels by the year 2012.
Kyoto Agreement Global Status
Countries Signed & ratified
Countries Signed & not yet ratified
Countries , not yet decided
Countries , no intention of signing
Types of Renewable Resources
1 Wind Power
2 Wave Power
3 Tidal Power
4 Solar energy
5 Hydroelectricity
6 Geothermal
7 Biomass
8 Biofuel
Comparison
Fossil Fuel Wind Energy
• Have to be procured & made usable • Usable as it exists
through laborious & environmentally
damaging process
• Limited in reserves, expected to be • Inexhaustible
exhausted in coming 60 years
• Transportation required, for further
processing exposing environment to • Use where it is available
danger
• Has Geo-Political implications resulting • Reduces our dependency on our
in over-reliance on our energy security natural security
Why Wind Energy ?
• Most viable & largest renewable energy resource
• Plentiful power source
• Widely distributed & clean
• Can get started with as small as 100-200 W
• Produces no green house gas emissions
• Low gestation period
• No raw materials & fuels required
• No pollution
• No hassles of disposal of waste
• Quick returns
• Good alternative for conventional power plants
Wind Power In India
• The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has
significantly increased in the last few years. The "Indian Wind Turbine
Manufacturers Association (IWTMA)“ has played a leading role in promoting
wind energy in India
• As of November 2008 the installed capacity of wind power in India was
9587.14 MW
• Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity, and it
generates 1.6% of the country's power
India Wind Power
Density Map
State Wise Wind Power Potential In India
Gross Installed
potential Technical potential capacity
State (MW) (MW) (MW)
Andhra Pradesh 8275 1750 121
Gujarat 9675 1780 376
Karnataka 6620 1120 688
Kerala 875 605 2
Madhya Pradesh 5500 825 53
Maharashtra 3650 3020 1242
Orissa 1700 680 2
Rajasthan 5400 895 386
Tamil Nadu 3050 1750 3148
West Bengal 450 450 2
Total (All India) 45195 12875 6018
Wind Power Potential In India
• India ranks 4th in wind installation in the world
• Is at par with World in terms of manufacturing facilities & technologies
• Public sectors coming forward for investment
• Wind power potential in the country is 45000MW
• Present production is 8760MW
• Ministry of new & Renewable Energy targets the 11th plan at 10500MW
• Plan Objective is to attract new & large independent power producers to wind
sector.
State Level Incentives
• Wheeling charge of mere 2 per cent
• Uniform T&D loss of 5 per cent
• Buy-back tariff of Rs 3.50 per unit with 15 paisa escalation for 13 years
• Third party sale and self-use allowed
• For evacuation arrangement (laying down high tension cables, feeder, sub-
station, etc),50 per cent money given as subsidy through green fund and rest
50 per cent as interest-free loan
• No electricity duty levied for first 5 years from the date of commissioning of
the projects for captive consumption
• Construction of approach roads to be fully funded through green fund
• Diversion of forest land for wind
• Few states giving sales tax incentive- Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra
Central Level Incentives
• 80 per cent accelerated depreciation on wind farm equipment/devices
• 10 years tax holiday for wind farms
• Custom duty exemption (Notification No. 21/2002-custom dated 01-03-2002)
• Excise duty exemption (Notification No. 6/2002-
Central Excise and
amendments Thereof)
• 20% additional depreciation under new plant and machinery
• Under RGGVY scheme 90% subsidy in case of rural electrification through
renewable energy.
Rural Electrification through Renewable Energy.
Types of Wind Turbine
Today's wind turbines are much more lightweight than the turbines used on
windmills of old. The wind turbine is usually standard in design, consisting of
two or more rotor blades. The energy output of a wind turbine is determined
largely by the length of the blades, which installers and engineers call
"sweep.“
Majorly , there are three types:
• Large or medium/ small wind turbines
• Down or Up wind turbines
• Horizontal or vertical access wind turbines
Introduction to
ALTEM POWER LIMITED
Manufacturing Wind Turbines
OBJECTIVE
TO DEVELOP BEST TECHNOLOGICAL WIND MILL AT
COMPETITIVE PRICE
VISION
A DIVERSE, THRIVING & SUSTAINABLE NATURAL WORLD
MISSION
TO BE A MAJOR FORCE IN CONSERVING ECO-DIVERSITY
WORLD-WIDE
Group Introduction
• ALTEM formed because of the group’s focus on Renewable Energy
• Part of the group known in Indian Power Engineering Sector with interest in
renewable energy, power distribution & management equipment
• The Group is a known name in power sector equipments
• Well equipped with modern infrastructure & well qualified technicians
Introduction to ALTEM POWER
• In collaboration with a major European company for manufacturing of wind
turbine generators
• Research driven to provide good quality ,reliable , durable & cost effective
products
• Core focus on customer service
• Office connectivity for real time data and faster services
ALTEM Product Range
1
2
3
4
5
Technical Parameters (technical parameters may change due to continuous R&D)
Rated Power
(KW) 9 / 10 15 20 - 25 50
Rated Wind speed
12 12 12 12
(m/sec)
Number of Blades 2 2 2 3
Rotor dia
(Met) 6.5 9.5 12 18
Swept area (Sq
met) 30 58 113 226
Epoxy / Glass Epoxy / Glass Epoxy/Glass Epoxy / Glass
Blade material Fiber Fiber Fiber Fiber
Blade weight (approx)
(KGs) 44 64 80 122
Permanent Permanent Permanent Permanent
Type of Generator
Magnet Magnet Magnet Magnet
Geared / Direct
Transmission Drive direct Direct drive Direct drive
drive
Fixed / Tilting Fixed / Tilting Fixed / Tilting
Tower Tower Tower Tower Fixed
Type of Hub Fixed pitch Fixed pitch Fixed pitch Fixed pitch
Rotor speed at rated wind
150 100 108 250
speed (rpm)
Cut-in wind speed (m/sec) 2.5 2.5 3 3
Cut-off wind speed
25 25 25 25
(m/sec)
Control system PLC based PLC based PLC based PLC based
Approx Nacelle weight
700 1000 1400 2000
(KGs)
Annual Energy output
23,000 38,500 64,000 1,28,000
KWH (@ 6m/s)
Factors for setting up a Turbine
• Ideal site requirements:
Wind Speed – An annual mean wind speed of 5m/s or greater
Proximity to neighbors - More than 50 mt – 100 mt from the nearest neighbor
property. This in effect eliminates many urban environment
Location - Good clear run of open ground without trees or building to the south
west, maximizing wind speed & minimizing turbulence.
Wind Turbine Towers as per site conditions
• Small turbine towers - The case of small wind systems (more than a 1KW) is less
simple, with several types of towers and different heights and configurations: guyed
towers and non-guyed towers, cylindrical/pipe and lattice configurations, etc.
• Their installation should be done a) far enough of obstructions, and on the top or on
windy hill sides: see Wind Turbines Location; b) with enough room to raise and lower
the tower for maintenance and stabilization
• Guyed small cylindrical Towers - Many small wind turbines use narrow pole towers
(pipe, tubing) supported by guy wires. It’s a cheap solution, though with some
disadvantages: they aren't easy climbable (for inspections or repairs) and require more
land than self-supporting towers, due to the guy wires.
• Non-guyed cylindrical towers - Non-guyed tilt-up/cylindrical towers use pipe or tubing
and a self-supporting design. They do not use guy wires and have a small footprint.
These towers can include climbing pegs but are a relatively expensive type of tower.
• Lattice configuration - Lattice towers use welded steel profiles and are a cheap and
tested solution. Most lattice towers aren’t guyed, but there are also guyed
configurations: three legged lattice structures suspended on all three sides by guy
wires. They are usually climbable.
Typical Block
Diagram
Obstacles Involved
• Wind speed at the ground is near zero, and increases with height.
• A 15m –18m tower will produce between 15%-25% more energy than a 12m
tower
• Buildings, trees and other obstacles increase both surface roughness,
slowing the wind down, and cause turbulence, which significantly affects
turbine efficiency. This can cause more than a 50% energy loss
• Dense urban areas suffer from low wind speeds due to high surface
roughness. Rooftops additionally suffer from turbulence
How to size a Battery Bank
Battery bank sizing can be one of the more complex and
important calculations in your system design. If the battery
bank is oversized, you risk not being able to keep it fully
charged; if the battery bank is sized too small, you won't
be able to run your intended loads for as long as you'd
planned.
Calculative Factors
Before tackling the calculations, start by identifying a few key pieces of
information:
• of electricity usage per day
• Number of Days of Autonomy
• Depth of Discharge limit
• Ambient temperature at battery bank
Step Process Example
1 Identify total daily use in Watt-hours (Wh) 6,000 Wh/day
2 Identify Days of Autonomy (backup days); multiply 3 Days of Autonomy:
Wh/day by this factor 6,000 x 3 = 18,000 W
3 Identify Depth of Discharge (DoD) and convert to a 40% DoD:
decimal value. Divide result of Step 2 by this value 18,000 / 0.4 = 45,000 W
4 Derate battery bank for ambient temperature effect. 60° F. = 1.11
Select the multiplier corresponding to the lowest 45,000 x 1.11 = 49,950 W
average temperature your batteries will be exposed
to. Multiply result from Step 3 by this factor. Result
is minimum Wh capacity of battery bank:
Temp. in [degrees] F. Factor
80+ 1.00
70 1.04
60 1.11
50 1.19
40 1.30
30 1.40
20 1.59
5 Divide result from Step 4 by system voltage. Result is 49,950 / 48 = 1,040 Ah
the minimum Amp-hour (Ah) capacity of your battery
bank.
Advantages of ALTEM Wind Turbine
• Can be installed with less investment in comparison to high capacity turbines
• Possibility of grid connected or stand alone (with battery bank) or hybrid with
solar/diesel
• Installation possible in very limited space
• Installation/maintenance does not require crane. This gives opportunity for
installation on mountains/hills
• More than 50 types of towers can be designed as per clients’ site
requirements with fixed or tilting arrangement
• Can be installed in premises of schools/college/hospital/warehouse/housing
colony & the likes.
• Start up or cut in wind speed of 2.5m/sec
ALTEM’s Achievements
• ISO Certified (see certificate attached)
• CE Certified Products (see certificate attached)
• Export of 25 KW to Italy
ISO Certified
CE Certification
Invest in a greener, brighter & safer tomorrow
Lets not blow our future
Thank You !!
by TEAM ALTEM