The Importance of
Technology in Education:
How South Dakota Is
Integrating Technology in
Education
Challenges & How SD Solved Them
Why Technology in Education?
The South Dakota Problem
Wiring SD Schools
Connecting SD Schools / the DDN Network
TTL Academies & Professor Sabbaticals to
Integrate Technology and Education
NSU Center for Statewide E-Learning, Star
Schools and DDN Courses
Overcoming and Preventing Problems
Why
Technology
in Education?
Equal Footing
Level Playing Field
We Live in an Information
Society
The
South Dakota
Problem
The World:
The United States:
South Dakota: ( 1 Dot = 15 People)
SD Is A State of Small Schools
176 School Districts
308 Cities/Towns
125,612 K-12 Students
10 Districts in 10 Towns = 57,011 (45%)
166 Districts in 298 Towns = 68,601 (55%)
131 Districts have LESS than 600 students
83 High Schools of the 176 Districts have
LESS than 100 students
How Small / Big Are We?
ALL of Just 15 of the 48
Mpls-St. Paul
SD School Districts
125,612 Students 125,375
77,121 Square Miles 382
9,161 Teachers 7,570
34 Years: Fall Enrollment Students & Total Staff
17,425
Staff
12,714 + 4,711
Staff Staff
175,654 - 50,042
Students Students
125,612
Students
1970 2002
Problem #1:
Cost-- $100 million to wire all SD
public schools
Problem #2:
Inmates-- Laying around all day
The Answer:
Inmates wire schools
Wiring
South Dakota
Schools
SD School District Boundaries
2
FALL „96
Inmate
Crews
Wiring
Now:
Colman-
Egan
Hill City
Each School Received:
Cat 5 wire
R 59 TV cable
Fiber optics
Electrical upgrades
Conduit & bridle ring system in
place for any future wiring
Who Pays For What?
State paid for:
Cat V wire, fiber optics,
conduit, rings, electrical
wires/panels, inmate
salaries, electrician,
tools
School paid for:
Night security, food, lodging
Inmates:
10 hour days, 6 days a week
Pay-- $3 a day
Journeymen electricians-- learn
wiring & electrical
Crew evaluations weekly
Learn good work habits & the
reward of accomplishment
Built political constituency
Connecting SD Schools:
the Digital Dakota Network
176 School Districts
+ Over 60 Telephone Territories
= One Big Jigsaw Puzzle!
Who Will Build Infrastructure?
1997 Telecommunications Act --
regulatory mandates don‟t work
States must foster cooperation
In SD, that‟s 63 telcos!!!
(US West + 29 Independents + 13 Coops + 3
Municipals + 17 Out-of-State)
State must provide leadership
What Schools Get:
Leveraged US West contract for 220 video
classrooms to ALL public school districts
State gave schools
ATM scalable T1 service
391 network servers for every school building
Cabletron switches
500 Gateway Destinations
Local Area Networks-- routers, hubs, switches, software, training
PLUS connection to statewide Dakota Digital Network
Fast, reliable, robust Internet access
Statewide E-mail, web-hosting, grades software, filtering
technology & WebCT
Statewide network management
Automatic bandwidth upgrades
Videoconference scheduling
Wiring & Connecting the Public Schools:
622 school buildings
624 inmates worked for 640,067 hours
3 redundant connections for every 3 of 4
students = 101,250 for 125,612
11,481,683 feet of Cat 5 Wire (2,715 miles!)
Huge length of R59 Television Cable
124,722 feet of fiber optics
Conduit/pathways for any future technology
67,207 electrical outlets
Universities, Private Schools & Libraries:
Wired all public universities-- 6
Wired all private universities-- 5
Wire all dorm rooms-- ONE drop for
each student
Wired all private K-12 schools-- 34
Wired libraries & coops-- 25
Network Connections to ALL Schools:
Throughput speed -- guaranteed minimums for
T1, DS-3 & OC-3
Data delivery performance -- guaranteed
99.967% availability -- guaranteed
Only 4 hrs outage allowed per year!
$30,000 penalty
State pays the bill: 3-year contract
Future open to any delivery technology
SD Fiber Networks:June 2002
MOUND CITY
ABERDEEN
BISON
MOBRIDGE GROTON
MILBANK
EAGLE BUTTE ASHTON
FAITH REDFIELD WATERTOWN
CLEAR LAKE
SPEARFISH
HITCHCOCK
PIERRE HIGHMORE
HURON BROOKINGS
DEADWOOD
MADISON
RAPID CITY WOONSOCKET
WALL DELL RAPIDS
KADOKA MITCHELL SALEM
CUSTER EROS
BALTIC GARRETSON
KIMBALL
SIOUX FALLS
EMERY
HOT SPRINGS
MISSION WINNER
MARTIN
PINE RIDGE
SPRINGFIELD
YANKTON
VERMILLION
Black Hills FiberCom
SDN Communications Network
Qwest Network
McLeod USA Network
The Digital Dakota Network:
Content filtering of Internet
Free electronic library for ALL students & ALL South Dakotans
over 4,000 magazines, newspapers, databases, &
journals (Proquest & Infoquest)
Office of Technology to help teachers (5)
Distance learning and in-service coordination
State gives expert technical help
State gives huge storage for all school websites
State gives Videoconferencing & Internet access to
schools -- FREE of CHARGE and upgraded as needed.
State provides Cisco Academies
33 SD Cisco Academies
=
SDSMT Region:
Pierre Region:
4 Regional
Bennett Co. SDSMT Eagle Butte Todd Co. Academies
Kadoka Spearfish Huron White River
Lower Brule Wall Miller Winner
L.A. Tech
Rapid City (2) Pierre
Region:
Aberdeen(2)
DeSmet
ECI-- Brk
L.A. Tech
Milbank
Redfield
Webster
SE Tech
Region:
Canton
Emery &
2nd Yr & Independent:
Hansen
Douglas Meade Co.
Flandreau
Elm Valley Sisseton Com.
Mitchell
Hecla TIE-- RC
SE Tech
Lake Central
Tri-Valley
Vermillion
Yankton
Funded by John and Tashia Morgridge-- Aberdeen, Canton,
Redfield, Spearfish, Vermillion, Wall, White River, & Winner
Summary of Benefits for Students & Teachers
Wiring--
3 drops for Internet --
every 4 Cheap & Fast
students
Real-Time
Local Area Video--
Networks-- Courses &
in every district Activities
Educator
Digital Dakota Development--
Network-- TTL
statewide Academies
State
ONE Hardware Tech
& Software Support
ONE
State Neighborhood
265 VideoConferencing Sites
McIntosh Pollock Frederick Rosholt
Eureka Britton
Lemmon Wakpala Helca Langford Veblen
McLaughlin Herreid Leola
Roslyn
Mobridge Selby Bowdle Rosco Ipswich Aberdeen Groton Sisseton
Edmunds 12 2
Timber Lake Central Warner Bristol Webster
Buffalo Bison
Isabel Waubay Wilmot
Mellette Conde
Summit Big Stone City
Hoven Milbank
Florence 2
Redfield Doland South Shore
Cresbard
Waverly Revillo
Eagle Butte Faulkton Clark Henry 3
Dupree Gettysburg Tulare Watertown
Faith Willow
Hayti Clear Lake
Lake 2
2 Belle Fourche Hitchcock
Castlewood
Arlington Estelline
Willow Lake White
Onida Brookings
Elkton
Newell
Rutland
Ft.
Highmore Wolsey Iroquois De Smet Lake Preston
4 Spearfish Pierre Pierre Harold
Miller Wessington Volga
2 Sturgis Phillip Midland 8
2
Huron
Stephan Ramona
Lead/Deadwood Alpena Flandreau
Murdo
Rapid City 4 Madison Colman
11 Lyman Woonsocket Howard
2 Dell Rapids
Box Elder Chamberlain Kimball Artesian
New Underwood Kadoka
2 White Lake Mt Vernon Montrose Beresford
Hill City Plankinton
Salem Chester
4
Colton-Tri-Valley 2
Mitchell Alexandria Hartford
Custer Stickney Emery 2
Sioux Falls
White River Canistota 13
Ethan Bridgewater Tea
Lennox
2 Corsica Parkston
Hot Springs Platte Freeman Harrisburg
Winner Tripp/Delmont
2 Menno Canton
Armor Hurley
Colome Geddes
Scotland Viborg
Porcupine Irene
2 Gregory
Edgemont Oelrichs Mission Wagner Alcester
Wakonda
Shannon County Martin St. Francis Boonsteel/Fairfax Avon
Tyndall
Gayville
Yankton
2 Vermillion
6
Elk Point
Dakota
Valley
Educators on State K-12 E-mail System
11,444 Users
2000-2001 School Year
8.4 million e-mails
This School Year (thru April)
3 12.2 million e-mails
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p-
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Integrating Technology
with Education:
the Technology for Teaching
and Learning (TTL)
Academies
Teacher Technology Training:
IBM, Apple, Sun Micro, others said:
“Short courses don’t work! Tech
training should be a concentrated 200
hours.”
South Dakota Teachers said:
“We want to use computers and
other new technologies, but we need
time to learn and time to integrate
it into our lessons and units.”
Governor’s Technology for Teaching
and Learning (TTL) Academies: (Goals 2000)
4 Weeks--All Day IMMERSION --200
hours
Improving Technology Skills
Integrating Technology to Enhance
Education
Transforming lesson plans, units
Creating new learning methods/materials
$1,000 stipend per teacher
$1,000 to buy new technology
Free Dorm room & meals on campus
TTL Basic
5,010
200 Hour
Immersion 3,659
2,456
54%
Of All
1,474 Teachers
743
134
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
TTL Academies:
Basic TTL 5,010
Advanced TTL 569
Network Administrators TTL
463
School Administrators TTL 357
Distance Teaching TTL 400
Professor Sabbaticals 319
Professor 2nd Sabbaticals 98
Diverse Videoconference Users:
High school courses
College courses
Healthcare training
Seminars and workshops by
professional organizations
VA regional office hearings
State Government commission and
board meetings
Private association meetings
Contest Hearings
(from Welfare Appeals to Liquor Licenses to
Water Permits, etc)
NSU Center for E-Learning,
Star Schools,
and Digital Dakota Network
Courses
NSU Center for Statewide E-Learning:
For K-12 Schools, NSU Master Teachers Are
Teaching Needed Courses to Small Schools
Training Other Teachers How to Teach Needed Courses via
videoconferencing
Training All Teacher Graduates to be Technology Proficient
Providing Unique E-mentoring program for E-students
For K-12 Schools, NSU Is a Technology Resource
For Non-Education NSU students, NSU Is
Integrating interactive, multimedia technology throughout the
university curriculum
Giving all students a world class basic technology integration
skills & special technology integration skills in their major &
minor
Examples:
Art
from McLaughlin to Faith & Wessington
Driver’s Ed
from Mobridge to Dupree, Buffalo, Faith &
McLaughlin
Calculus
from Salem to Canistota, Baltic & Tri-Valley
Spanish I, II, III
from 20 sending schools to 41 receiving
schools
K-8
Enrichment
Projects
Interviews
Drama
Math Games
Art
Music
Electronic field trips
Science experiments
NSU Videoconferenced HS Courses
2001-2002 2002-2003
Calculus AP Am. History French 1
Physics
AP Calculus French 2
British Lit
AP English Spanish 1
Chemistry
Senior Math AP Physics Spanish 2
French 1 Senior Math
Spanish 1 Psychology
Am. Govrnmt Physics
AP Am. History
Chemistry
DDN Courses Offered by High
Schools to Other High Schools
2001-2002 2002-2003
AP Chemistry Art AP Chemistry Art Algebra 1,2
AP English Calculus AP English Calculus Geometry
Drivers‟ Ed Family Rel. Drivers‟ Ed Family Rel. Earth Sci.
Health Physics Health Physics Biology
Psychology Parenting Psychology Parenting Geography
Spanish 1, 2 Theater Spanish 1,2,3 Theater World Hist.
Visual Basic Sociology Visual Basic Sociology Am. Hist
Senior Math Senior Math Am. Gov. … And
Communications for Communications Creative More
Business for Business Writing
Creative Writing
DECA DDN Elementary Enrichment:
Nitrogen
Machines
with No Monthly Virtual
Motors Visits with EROS
Data Center
Scientists
Physics: Fingerprints,
Forensics &
A More
Balancing
Act
How Weather
Affects a
3 Pigs Go Barrier Reef
High Tech
Looking for Shipwrecks: Virtual Dive into Lake Michigan
Butterfly
Puppetry Adventure
to Mars
Through the Eyes
of the Elders
Virtual
Field
Trips to
Prairie Tybee
Pasque Island,
GA.
Book Talks
Egypt, Egypt, Everywhere
…PLUS
STEPStar Curriculum:
Dr.
Wonderful Seuss
Elementary Japanese
Wetlands Primary/Intermediate/Middle Spanish
Young Astronauts
Middle School Math Mini-Course
SD
World
War II
Veterans
Unit Ten Units -- 40 Lessons
www.state.sd.us/deca/technologyThemeUnits/wwII/ www.sd4history.com
Buffalo
Roundup Unit
www.state.sd.us/deca/technology/ThemeUnits/BuffaloRoundup/
Other Recognitions:
Digital State Ranking, #1
in Education in 2000
Education Week
May 9, 2002
Digital State Ranking,
#1 in Education in 2001
2001 USDLA Eagle Award
Digital State Rankings: SD #1 Last Two Years
Wired & Networked schools provide excellent
access to the Internet for all SD students
Technology Training for Teachers (TTL)
State uses technology to disseminate standards
State promotes technology integration
State invests in innovative uses of technology
State uses technology for administrative work,
communication & coordination with school districts
Connecting Educators, Students and
Parents to the Worldwide Web
About the SDEdWeb l Recommend a Site l Reviewers Resources l Contact Us l Disclaimer
Includes links to over 53,000 teacher-reviewed
websites aligned with SD Content Standards for
Teachers, Students, and Parents
Features a minimum of Best 5 list of resources, Best
5 lesson plans and Best 5 on-line activities for SD
Content Standards
Star Schools Grant
K-8 enrichment events Targeted In-service to
meet teachers’ needs
Expand Governor’s
http://www.sdedweb.com Distance learning
with 150 more theme- instructional videos
based sites in line with SD
content standards Action research for more
innovation in distance
More national virtual field education
trips via videoconferencing
Measurement &
More videoconferencing evaluation to quantify
equipment at SD parks, the benefits of
science centers and technology in
museums for in-state education
virtual field trips
DDN Campus:
Statewide Student Information System
For School Districts (teachers and administrators)
Creates class schedules for students
Stores & displays records for students and staff
Automates special education Individual Education Programs
Records & report attendance to administrators & parents
Tracks discipline offenses & actions
Allows statewide gathering of data from schools
Lowers costs to school districts
Provides secure web-based online grading
For Parents
Instant access to grades, attendance & discipline records
Track graduation records & course requirements
Increase & Improve communications between schools & parents
…and
For Public
Web-Publishes school accountability information
(tests scores, graduation rates, etc.)
Information available in graphic and table formats
For Board of Regents (BOR)
Identifies Regents Scholars
Identifies & labels courses needed for BOR entrance requirements
For Department of Education and Cultural Affairs (DECA)
Retrieves demographic information from schools (ADM,
enrollments, federal reporting information, etc.)
Improves accuracy of student information data
Makes school information available more quickly
Meets federal reporting requirements for the re-authorized federal
Elementary & Secondary Education Act -- “No Child Left Behind”
Enhances ability to track student records as they move from
district to district so they are not lost between schools
Preventing and
Overcoming Problems
Bumps in the Road:
“We can do it better ourselves”
Local fear of inmates
“The job is too big”
Meredith Wilson‟s Music Man
Telco resistance
Local control (Murdo)
“Let‟s wait.”
No Money
What Makes It Happen:
Ubiquitous, universal aspect
Centralized benevolent dictatorship
State pays for it
Bring world class team together
Negotiate. No bids or RFPs.
Make decisions and stick to it
Strong executive leadership from Governor on down
Do ALL aspects needed: infrastructure, local wiring,
networks, equipment, state coordination &
management, teacher / administrator / network
administrator training, course modeling & helper
office
What didn‟t work, Page 1:
Local School “expertise”-- far below
expectations; state must do it for them
or train them well
E-rate: a bureaucratic nightmare for small
schools
Colleges of Education
Local in-service attempts
What didn‟t work, Page 2:
State technical resources-- we needed
MORE people but they aren‟t available
Wide area network management was
outsourced to US West-- good job IF
you constantly pressure them
Videoconferencing-- it is not intuitive, so
users needed more training & time to
use it. Now, we have large usage
increases.
Some of the many benefits:
Incredible variety of courses & experiences
Accommodate different learning styles & rates
Students and teachers
have fast, reliable and robust Internet access
can easily connect with students, educators
and experts throughout the world,
have greater access to powerful learning
tools and information resources at any time
Parental tracking of students
Easier for parents to be involved
Help schools fulfill 24 / 7 role
The End
The Beginning
ICAC & Other
Slides Not Used,
BUT YOU May
Want info for q & a
session
The Exploding Use of the Internet:
• 45 million
kids on-line
by the end of
2002
What are “Internet Crimes Against
Children”?
Using a computer to:
1. Create or 2. Solicit our
Possess Child Children to
Pornography Engage in Sexual
[unlawful in Activities [prior
every state to to any actual
possess even physical contact]
one image]
www.whitehouse.gov
www.whitehouse.com
www.crazyhorse.org
www.crazyhorse.com
Cybersex Locations on the Internet
1.4 Billion Registered Domains
12% or 168 Million Are Pornographic Sites
Source: Google.com
• Commercial and Private Websites
• Newsgroups
– Post messages to others’ like a bulletin
board
– 70,000 newsgroups on the Internet
• Chat Rooms
– Luncheon Presentation
• Personal E-mail
Youth Internet Safety Survey
Category I: Sexual Solicitations
20% received unwanted sexual solicitations
during the past year
70% AT HOME
Most others occur at a friend’s house
3% received an “aggressive” solicitation
asked to meet offline
called on the telephone
sent money/gifts via regular mail
National Sample of Youth Ages 10-17
Conducted by U of New Hampshire & Commissioned by NCMEC
Report Dated June 2000.
Youth Internet Safety Survey
Category II: Unwanted Exposure to Sexual Material
25% received unwanted sexual exposures
during the past year
Unwanted exposure received
67% at home
15% at school
13% at a friend’s home
3% at a library
State/federal laws require schools/libraries to
restrict access to “obscene” materials on computers
TTL Academies: Sabbaticals:
Teachers Teachers Network School Distance Univ. 2nd
Year Basic TTL Adv. TTL Admins Admins Teachers Profs Study
1997 134
1998 609 57
1999 765 170 88 71
2000 982 183 98 128 57
2001 1,203 184 51 88 150 51 61
2002(est) 1,317 385 59 83 122 83 37
Total 5,010 569 463 357 400 319 98
Of 9,220 Of 400 Of 613 Of 1,062
= 54% = 110% = 58% = 30%