I got a rock!
What could we want to know about
rocks?
• What is in rocks?
• How are rocks made?
• What kinds of rocks are there?
• How do we classify rocks?
• What are the characteristics of rocks?
• What can we use rocks for?
What is in rocks?
• Rocks contain a variety of minerals
– Minerals are crystals made of one substance
– The crystals in rocks are usually very small
• These minerals can come the earth’s
surface or inside the earth
• Some examples of minerals found in rocks
– Quartz, Calcite, Diamond, Halite (rock salt)
– Metals: Copper, Silver, Gold , Iron
Can you match the mineral with its
name?
Quartz, Copper,Calcite, Silver
1. 2.
1. Calcite
3. 2. Copper 4.
3. Silver
4. Quartz
How are rocks made?
• Rocks need either extreme heat or
extreme pressure to form
• Extreme heat happens when the rock is
around lava or near the earth’s core
• Extreme pressure happens when the
rocks has lots of matter above it
• Both factors can be involved (more
pressure means more heat)
How are rocks classified?
• Rocks are classified based on how they
are made and what is in them
1. Igneous Rock 2. Sedimentary Rock 3. Metamorphic Rock
(Made from heat (Made from rock bits (Rock transformed by
and magma) and pressure) heat or pressure)
Igneous Rock
• Igneous rock is made when magma from
the earth’s core is cooled
- Magma is rock in liquid form
• The type of rock made and the size of the
mineral crystals depends on how fast it is
cooled
• Examples of igneous rock:
granite, obsidian, basalt
Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock is made when small
particles (sediment) is laid down and put
under a lot of pressure for a long time
• Sediment can be sand, mud, seashells,
bones and other small mineral particles
• Sedimentary rock is
usually found in areas
that used to be under
water or ice. Why?
Metamorphic Rock
• When there is enough heat or pressure to
change a rock from its original form, it is
called metamorphic rock
- metamorph means change from (Greek)
• This usually happens through pressure
caused by movement of the earth’s crust
• Examples: slate comes from shale, gneiss
comes from granite, marble comes from
limestone
What kinds of rocks are on
the following slides?
Bibliography of Images
• http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/calcite.jpg
• http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/quartz_crystal.jpg
• http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/silver.jpg
• http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/copper.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Igneous_rock_Santoroni_Greece.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/GLMsed.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Migma_ss_2006.jpg
• http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/granite.jpg
• http://localism.com/image_store/uploads/1/0/5/6/7/ar124095492776501.jpg
• http://farm1.static.flickr.com/125/424185912_b2f6ebd446.jpg
• http://flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=142222402&size=o
• http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1278/906221567_474cd8fb17.jpg?v=0
• http://mail.ab.mec.edu/~mdoiron/010B7EF2-000F6E99.2/basalt.jpg
• http://www.minimegeology.com/shop/images/Obsidian_W.jpg
• http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS_NttKFzdNXvsFbRl9xgzQ2oUT0mx4MNwwePToYjE
vTm61sa7V4Q&t=1
• http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/rocks/6gneiss-folds58.jpg
• http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/295560main_mro20081204-un-516.jpg
• http://www.minimegeology.com/shop/wpimages/SedRock_Crop.gif