Red text indicates user input Specifications
Estimated quiescent draws attributable to each HT node (mA DC)
… B+ (typically unused for best filtering with SE) 0
… B+1 (typically power pentode plates) 200
… B+2 (typically power pentode screens) 22
… B+3 (typically 2 triodes or 1 small pentode) 15
… B+4 (typically 2 preamp triodes) 5
… B+5 0
… B+6 0
Total DC current draw (mA) 242
Minumum required PT rating (mA) 295
Very approximate (!!) ripple current (mA) 1210
Rating of actual PT in AC RMS (V) 600
Your mains frequency (Hz) 60
Target ripple voltage (%) 5.0%
B+
Full wave rectified DC delivered by PT to B+ (V) 423
Target P-P ripple voltage (Vp-p) 21.2
Required reservoir capacitor (uF) 95
Lower standard E12 value (uF) 82
Higher standard E12 value (uF) 100
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (uF) 47
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Resulting ripple voltage at B+ (Vp-p) 42.9
Resulting ripple voltage at B+ (%) 10.1%
Smoothing target satisfied? No
B+1
Target voltage of B+1 node (V) 400
Current flow through B+1 Resistor (mA) 242
Implied voltage drop across B+1 resistor (V) 23
Required B+1 resistor (Ohms) 95
Lower standard value (Ohms) 91
Higher standard value (Ohms) 100
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) L
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) 91
Predicted voltage drop across B+1 resistor 22.0
Predicted voltage of B+1 node 401.0
Power dissipated by B+1 resistor (watts) 5.3
Minumum recommended B+1 resisitor rating (watts) 10
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) 1747
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) 37
Decades between cutoff frequency and 2x mains 0.51
Attenuation of 2x mains frequency (dB) -10.18
Voltage ratio following attenuation 0.31
Residual ripple voltage by attenuation calculation (V) 13.29
Residual ripple voltage (%) 3.31%
Smoothing target satisfied? Yes
B+2
Target voltage of B+2 node 375
Current flow through B+2 resistor 42
Implied voltage drop across B+2 resistor 26.0
Required B+2 resistor (Ohms) 619
Lower standard value (Ohms) 510
Higher standard value (Ohms) 620
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) H
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) 620
Predicted voltage drop across B+2 resistor 26.04
Predicted voltage of B+2 node 374.9
Power dissipated by B+2 resistor (watts) 1.1
Minumum recommended B+2 resisitor rating (watts) 2
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) 256
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) 5
B+3
Target voltage of B+3 node 275
Current flow through B+3 resistor 20
Implied voltage drop across B+3 resistor 99.9
Required B+3 resistor (Ohms) 4997
Lower standard value (Ohms) 4700
Higher standard value (Ohms) 5100
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) H
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) 5100
Predicted voltage drop across B+3 resistor 102
Predicted voltage of B+3 node 272.9
Power dissipated by B+3 resistor (watts) 2.0
Minumum recommended B+3 resisitor rating (watts) 4
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) 31
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) 1
B+4
Target voltage of B+4 node 250
Current flow through B+4 resistor 5
Implied voltage drop across B+4 resistor 22.9
Required B+4 resistor (Ohms) 4588
Lower standard value (Ohms) 4300
Higher standard value (Ohms) 4700
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) H
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) 4700
Predicted voltage drop across B+4 resistor 23.5
Predicted voltage of B+4 node 249.4
Power dissipated by B+4 resistor (watts) 0.1
Minumum recommended B+4 resisitor rating (watts) 2
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) 34
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) 1
B+5
Target voltage of B+5 node 210
Current flow through B+5 resistor 0
Implied voltage drop across B+5 resistor 39.4
Required B+5 resistor (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Lower standard value (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Higher standard value (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) H
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Predicted voltage drop across B+5 resistor #DIV/0!
Predicted voltage of B+5 node #DIV/0!
Power dissipated by B+5 resistor (watts) #DIV/0!
Minumum recommended B+5 resisitor rating (watts) #DIV/0!
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) #DIV/0!
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) #DIV/0!
B+6
Target voltage of B+6 node 200
Current flow through B+6 resistor 0
Implied voltage drop across B+6 resistor #DIV/0!
Required B+6 resistor (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Lower standard value (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Higher standard value (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) H
Resistor value that will actually be used (Ohms) #DIV/0!
Predicted voltage drop across B+6 resistor #DIV/0!
Predicted voltage of B+6 node #DIV/0!
Power dissipated by B+6 resistor (watts) #DIV/0!
Minumum recommended B+6 resisitor rating (watts) #DIV/0!
Theoretical capacitor suggested for smoothing to 1Hz (uF) #DIV/0!
Capacitor that will actually be used (uF) 47
Frequency that this actual RC filter will smooth down to (Hz) #DIV/0!
Note: Calculations on this sheet assumes a non-branching topology of nodes
Note: assumes rating is expressed as full wave rectified DC as is Hammond's practice
Note: Add the values for coils on each side of a centre tap if reported as number-CT-number
Note: Assumes SS rectification
Note:Value must not exceed rating of rectifier tube
Note: Consider using a smaller cap here
and using B+1 as node for plates if this works out to much more than 68 uF
Note: If ripple target is satisfied in one step, B+ could be used directly for power tube plates
56
Note: If this is too large consider using a choke, or substitute appropriate resistors in parallel or series
Note: smaller values 22 -220 uF are often used in practice, try values below
Note: Not sure if these calculations are correct
Note: Not sure if these calculations are correct
Note: Not sure if these calculations are correct
Note: Not sure if these calculations are correct
Note: Not sure if these calculations are correct
Red text indicates user input Specifications 5
Max plate dissipation (Watts) 1.00
Plate absolute Max voltage 550.00
Max grid leak resistance 2000000
HT voltage 250.0 4.5
Plate resistor size (Ohms) 100,000
User target grid voltage -1.50 12AX7 Char
Maximum current on load line (mA) 2.5 4
Slope of load line -0.010
Voltage at solution of load and user grid line (V) 171.9 (sqrt(m^2-2*j*m-4*i*k+j^
Current at solution of load and user grid line (mA) 0.78
3.5
Voltage at which load line crosses 0 volts on grid 76.1
Maximum possible voltage swing P-P 173.9
Plate centred voltage for target load line 163.0
Plate centred current for target load line 0.87 3
Max plate voltage swing until grid limiting (V) 95.9
mA
Max plate voltage swing until cutoff (V) 78.1
You are biased Cool 2.5
Required cathode resistor for cathode biasing (Ohms) 1922
Nearby lower 5% standard value resistor (Ohms) 1800
Nearby higher 5% standard value resistor (Ohms) 2000 2
Use Higher (H) or Lower (L) or user selected (Ohms) L
Resistor that will actually be used (Ohms) 1800
Cathode voltage (V) 1.41 1.5
Voltage dropped at quiesence by plate load resistor 78.1
Cathode-corrected actual quiescent plate voltage 170.5
1
Local plate resistance (ra; Ohms) 78016 0.0, 0.9
Local Transconductance (gm) 1.5 0.0, 0.8
Local amplification factor mu (by van der Bijl) 117.2
0.5
Gain of this preamp stage (fully bypassed) 65.8
Gain of this preamp stage (unbypassed) 30.0
0
Target frequency for half-boost (Hz) 5 0
Bypass capicitor required (uF) 21
Lower standard E12 value (uF) 18
Higher standard E12 value (uF) 22
12AX7 Characteristics
(sqrt(m^2-2*j*m-4*i*k+j^2+4*b*i)+m-j)/(2*i)
0.0, 0.9 163.0, 0.9
0.0, 0.8 171.9, 0.8
171.9, 0.0
163.0, 0.0
0 100 200 300 Volts 400 500 600
Note:
These curves are based on the 1959 Sylvania 12AX7 datasheet
600
Red text indicates user input Tube specs
900
Max plate dissipation (Watts) 84.00
Desired percent max dissipation at target voltage (%) 100.0% 850
Your target plate voltage (Va) 400.0
800
Target Transformer primary impedance (Ohms) 2,500
….using a secondary tap natively intended for (Ohms) 16 750
….and an actual speaker load of (Ohms) on that tap 16
Effective impedance reflected to tube 2500 700
Design max desired plate dissipation (Watts) 84.00 650
Derived centred plate voltage (Va) 458.3
Ia at Centered Va giving max dissipation (mA) 183.3 600
load gradient (V/I) by target impedance 2.5
550
load gradient (V/I) by target voltage 1.9
500
Max Va on centred load line from target impedance (V) 916.5
Max Ia on centred load line from target impedance (mA) 366.6 450
Centred Ia at quiescence (mA) 183.3
400
Centred Va at quiescence (V) 458.3
350
Max Va on "User voltage & impedance" load line (V) 925.0
Max Ia on "User voltage & impedance" load line (V) 370.0 300
"User voltage & impedance" load line Ia at quiescence (mA) 210.0 250
"User voltage & impedance " load line Va at quiescence (mA) 400.0
Danger!! Milliamps by which Ia exceeds maximum for voltage: 3.4 200
150
Impedance suggested by target voltage 1904.8
Max Va on load line suggested by target voltage 800.0 100
Max Ia on load line suggested by target voltage 420.0
Ia at quiescence from target voltage suggested load line 210.0
Adjusted Ia at quiescence 210.0
Adjusted Ia 420.0
Adjusted Va 800.0
Show load line with voltage suggested by target impedance n
Show load line from target voltage and target impedance y
Show load line with impedance suggested by target voltage n
900
Max Dissipation
850
Centered Load Line
800 Centred Quiescent
User Voltage & Impedance Quiescent
750 User Voltage & Impedance
Suggested Impedance Load Line
700 Suggested Impedance quiescent
Parallel 6V6
650
EL34
600
550
Plate Current (mA)
500
450
400
0, 370
350
300
250
0, 210 400, 210
200
150
100
50
0 0
,, 0 400, 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Plate Voltage (V)
800
Red text indicates user input values
Open loop gain of output stage (A) 55.0
Value of Rf (Ohms) 220,000
Value of Ri (Ohms) 5,000
Value of input grid resistor (not shown; Ohms) 1,000,000
Largest impedance secondary tap (Ohms) 16
Secondary tap used for feedback connection (Ohms) 2
Unadjusted feedback factor 0.0222
Unadjusted closed loop gain 24.8
Unadjusted gain reduction ratio 0.4500
Unadjusted gain reduction (dB) -6.9
Feedback tap-adjusted feedback factor 0.0079
Feedback tap-adjusted voltage (V) 8.8
Feedback tap-adjusted close loop gain 38.4
Feedback tap-adjusted gain reduction ratio 0.6983
Feedback tap-adjusted gain reduction (dB) -3.1
Input impedance assuming known Rf 2,222,222
Target reduction (dB) when Rf unknown -6.0
Desired closed loop Gain 27.6
Unadjusted calculated value of Rf 271,309
Unadjusted new feedback factor 0.0181
Tap-adjusted feedback factor 0.0064
Tap-adjusted voltage (V) 9.7
Tap-adjusted close loop gain (to largest tap) 40.7
Tap-adjusted gain reduction ratio 0.7
Tap-adjusted gain reduction (dB) -2.6
Tap-adjusted value of Rf giving target dB reduction 92,690
Input impedance -2,433,945
Note: R0 here assumed to be very small and is ignored
Do Not Edit! Power amp Volts
100
6V6 curves single parallel 200
0 0 0 300
25 82 164 400
50 98 196 500
75 102 204 600
100 104 208 700
200 110 220 800
300 114 228 900
400 116 232 1000
EL34 curves 1100
0 0 1200
20 136 1300
30 170
40 191
50 210
100 250
200 270 Preamp Volts
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Grid 0 volt 12AX7 Grid -0.5 12AX7
0 0 0 0
10 0.5 30 0.28
50 1.2 50 0.5
100 2.12 100 1.2
150 3.2 150 2.15
160 3.4 200 3.3
Standard 5% resistor values
10 11 12 13
11 12 13 15
Standard 10% capacitor values
10 12 15 18
12 15 18 22
0.00 3.12E-06
-0.50 4.43E-05
-1.00 5.04E-05
-1.50 4.80E-05
-2.00 4.23E-05
-2.50 3.56E-05
-3.00 2.83E-05
-3.50 2.57E-05
-4.00 1.89E-05
-4.50 1.54E-05
-5.00 1.24E-05
Model describing the X^2 term of the bias curve X2 -3.00E-07
Model describing the X term of the bias curve x 7.00E-04
Model describing the constant term of the bias curve C 2.00E-03
x here is BIAS VOLTAGE
for stated bias voltage, term is equal to summation in final columnx2 = 2.28E-06
x= -2.36E-03
C= -1.52E-02
answer should be in mA Y= #REF!
0 #REF!
#REF! #REF!
200 0
0 -1.55E-02
25 -2.66E+00
50 -3.88E+01
75 0.00E+00
100 0.00E+00
125 0.00E+00
150 0.00E+00
175 0.00E+00
200 0.00E+00
225 0.00E+00
250 0.00E+00
275 0.00E+00
300 0.00E+00
325 0.00E+00
350 0.00E+00
375 0.00E+00
400 0.00E+00
425 0.00E+00
450 0.00E+00
475 0.00E+00
Ia at Max dissipation conditional conditional values values
840
420 0 367
280 917 0
210 458 0
168 458 183
140 0 183
120 400 0 400 0
105 400 210 400 210
93.33333 0 210 0 210
84
76.36364 0 370 0 370
70 925 0 925 0
64.61538 0 420
800 0
400 0
400 210
0 210
Ia at Max dissipation 0 2.5 load line
10 250 0 load line
5 550 0 max anode
3.333333 550.00 1.818182 max anode
2.5
2
1.666667
1.428571
1.25
1.111111
1
Grid -1.0 12AX7 Grid -1.5 12AX7 Grid -2.0 12AX7 Grid - 2.5 12AX7 Grid - 3.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
50 0.05 100 0.1 150 0.1 200 0.1 240
100 0.5 150 0.5 200 0.5 250 0.5 300
150 1.2 200 1.2 250 1.2 300 1.2 350
200 2.1 250 2.1 300 2.1 350 2 380
250 3.2 280 2.7 320 2.45
15 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33
16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36
22 27 33 39 47 56 68 82 100
27 33 39 47 56 68 82 100 120
1.60E-01
1.40E-01
y = 0.002x5 + 0.0304x4 + 0.1683x3 + 0.4207x2 + 0.4479x + 0.1393
1.20E-01
1.00E-01
8.00E-02 -6.00
6.00E-02
Series1
4.00E-02
Series2
2.00E-02 Poly. (Series2)
0.00E+00
-6.00 -5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00
-2.00E-02
-4.00E-02
-6.00E-02
-6.00 -5.00 -
0.020798 0.138971 -1.50 4.80E-05 -3.67E-03 -5.45E-03
0.007625 0.004632 -1 5.04E-05 4.68E-04 -3.75E-02
0.000468 -0.0375
-0.00367 -0.00545
-0.0058 0.000973
-0.00675 0.001517
-0.00652 0.002511
-0.00733 0.000632
-0.00602 0.00076
-0.00559 2.72E-05
-0.00497 2.50E-05
-4.00E-06 -3.00E-05 -9.00E-05 -1.00E-04 3.00E-06
0.0077 2.56E-02 0.0198
0.0304 1.69E-01 0.4211 4.48E-01 0.1393
-2.03E-05 1.01E-04 -2.03E-04 1.50E-04 3.00E-06 3.38E-05
1.73E-02 -3.84E-02 1.98E-02 -3.64E-03
1.54E-01 -5.69E-01 9.47E-01 -6.72E-01 1.39E-01 -1.55E-02
#REF! 0.00E+00 #REF!
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12AX7 Grid - 3.5 12AX7 Grid - 4.0 12AX7 Grid - 4.5
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 300 0.13 330 0.1 380
0.54 350 0.55 350 0.2 400
1.185 400 1.19 380 0.42 450
1.62 400 0.6
430 0.93
36 39 43 47 51 62
39 43 47 51 62 68
120 150 180 220
150 180 220 270
0.025
y= 0.0007x3 + 0.0077x2 + 0.0256x + 0.0198
0.02
0.015
0.01
6.00E-05
0.005
5.00E-05 0
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00
4.00E-05 -0.005
-0.01 Series1
Poly. (Series2) 3.00E-05
Poly. (Series1)
2.00E-05
1.00E-05
y = -4E-07x5 - 7E-06x4 - 4E-05x3 - 0.0001x2 - 0.0001x + 4E-06
0.00E+00
-4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00
User defined bias line
0 -5.45E-03 -0.04 -5.45E-03 -5.38E-03 equation of user curve = c1*x^2 + c2*x + c3
1 -9.07E-03 -0.04 -9.07E-03 -9.02E-03 C1 0.00004796
2 -1.26E-02 -0.04 -1.26E-02 -1.26E-02 C2 -0.00367485
3 -1.60E-02 -0.04 -1.60E-02 -1.60E-02 C3 -0.00544784
4 -1.94E-02 -0.03 -1.94E-02 -1.93E-02
5 -2.26E-02 -0.03 -2.26E-02 -2.26E-02 equation of Vgk delta (0.01) user curve = c1*x^2 + c2*x
6 -2.58E-02 -0.03 -2.58E-02 -2.58E-02 C1 4.79552E-05
7 -2.88E-02 -0.03 -2.88E-02 -2.88E-02 C2 -0.00368314
8 -3.18E-02 -0.03 -3.18E-02 -3.18E-02 C3 -0.00538374
9 -3.46E-02 -0.03 -3.46E-02 -3.46E-02 solution of delta Vgk (0.01) user curve for user voltage =
10 -3.74E-02 -0.03 -3.74E-02 -3.74E-02 0.779078903
11 -4.01E-02 -0.03 -4.01E-02 -4.01E-02 Current Difference = 0.001502
12 -4.26E-02 -0.02 -4.26E-02 -4.27E-02
13 -4.51E-02 -0.02 -4.51E-02 -4.52E-02
14 -4.75E-02 -0.02 -4.75E-02 -4.75E-02
15 -4.98E-02 -0.02 -4.98E-02 -4.98E-02
16 -5.20E-02 -0.02 -5.20E-02 -5.20E-02
17 -5.41E-02 -0.01 -5.41E-02 -5.41E-02
18 -5.61E-02 -0.01 -5.61E-02 -5.61E-02
19 -5.80E-02 -0.01 -5.80E-02 -5.81E-02 0 0.780581317
20 -5.98E-02 -0.01 -5.98E-02 -5.99E-02 171.9418683 0.780581317
21 -6.15E-02 -0.01 -6.15E-02 -6.16E-02 171.9418683 0
22 -6.31E-02 0.00 -6.31E-02 -6.32E-02 0 0.87
23 -6.46E-02 0.00 -6.46E-02 -6.47E-02 163.0371449 0.87
24 -6.60E-02 0.00 -6.60E-02 -6.62E-02 163.0371449 0
25 -6.73E-02 0.01 -6.73E-02 -6.75E-02
26 -6.86E-02 0.01 -6.86E-02 -6.87E-02
27 -6.97E-02 0.01 -6.97E-02 -6.99E-02
28 -7.07E-02 0.02 -7.07E-02 -7.09E-02
29 -7.17E-02 0.02 -7.17E-02 -7.19E-02
30 -7.25E-02 0.02 -7.25E-02 -7.27E-02
31 -7.33E-02 0.03 -7.33E-02 -7.35E-02
32 -7.39E-02 0.03 -7.39E-02 -7.41E-02
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364 5.01E+00 6.81 5.01E+00 5.01E+00
365 5.04E+00 6.84 5.04E+00 5.04E+00
366 5.07E+00 6.88 5.07E+00 5.07E+00
367 5.11E+00 6.92 5.11E+00 5.10E+00
368 5.14E+00 6.95 5.14E+00 5.13E+00
369 5.17E+00 6.99 5.17E+00 5.17E+00
370 5.20E+00 7.03 5.20E+00 5.20E+00
371 5.23E+00 7.07 5.23E+00 5.23E+00
372 5.26E+00 7.11 5.26E+00 5.26E+00
373 5.30E+00 7.14 5.30E+00 5.29E+00
374 5.33E+00 7.18 5.33E+00 5.32E+00
375 5.36E+00 7.22 5.36E+00 5.36E+00
376 5.39E+00 7.26 5.39E+00 5.39E+00
377 5.43E+00 7.30 5.43E+00 5.42E+00
378 5.46E+00 7.33 5.46E+00 5.45E+00
379 5.49E+00 7.37 5.49E+00 5.49E+00
380 5.52E+00 7.41 5.52E+00 5.52E+00
381 5.56E+00 7.45 5.56E+00 5.55E+00
382 5.59E+00 7.49 5.59E+00 5.59E+00
383 5.62E+00 7.53 5.62E+00 5.62E+00
384 5.66E+00 7.57 5.66E+00 5.65E+00
385 5.69E+00 7.61 5.69E+00 5.68E+00
386 5.72E+00 7.65 5.72E+00 5.72E+00
387 5.76E+00 7.69 5.76E+00 5.75E+00
388 5.79E+00 7.73 5.79E+00 5.78E+00
389 5.82E+00 7.77 5.82E+00 5.82E+00
390 5.86E+00 7.80 5.86E+00 5.85E+00
391 5.89E+00 7.84 5.89E+00 5.89E+00
392 5.92E+00 7.88 5.92E+00 5.92E+00
393 5.96E+00 7.92 5.96E+00 5.95E+00
394 5.99E+00 7.96 5.99E+00 5.99E+00
395 6.03E+00 8.00 6.03E+00 6.02E+00
396 6.06E+00 8.05 6.06E+00 6.06E+00
397 6.09E+00 8.09 6.09E+00 6.09E+00
398 6.13E+00 8.13 6.13E+00 6.13E+00
399 6.16E+00 8.17 6.16E+00 6.16E+00
400 6.20E+00 8.21 6.20E+00 6.19E+00
401 6.23E+00 8.25 6.23E+00 6.23E+00
402 6.27E+00 8.29 6.27E+00 6.26E+00
403 6.30E+00 8.33 6.30E+00 6.30E+00
404 6.34E+00 8.37 6.34E+00 6.33E+00
405 6.37E+00 8.41 6.37E+00 6.37E+00
406 6.41E+00 8.45 6.41E+00 6.40E+00
407 6.44E+00 8.50 6.44E+00 6.44E+00
408 6.48E+00 8.54 6.48E+00 6.47E+00
409 6.51E+00 8.58 6.51E+00 6.51E+00
410 6.55E+00 8.62 6.55E+00 6.55E+00
411 6.59E+00 8.66 6.59E+00 6.58E+00
412 6.62E+00 8.70 6.62E+00 6.62E+00
413 6.66E+00 8.75 6.66E+00 6.65E+00
414 6.69E+00 8.79 6.69E+00 6.69E+00
415 6.73E+00 8.83 6.73E+00 6.73E+00
416 6.77E+00 8.87 6.77E+00 6.76E+00
417 6.80E+00 8.91 6.80E+00 6.80E+00
418 6.84E+00 8.96 6.84E+00 6.83E+00
419 6.87E+00 9.00 6.87E+00 6.87E+00
420 6.91E+00 9.04 6.91E+00 6.91E+00
421 6.95E+00 9.09 6.95E+00 6.94E+00
422 6.98E+00 9.13 6.98E+00 6.98E+00
423 7.02E+00 9.17 7.02E+00 7.02E+00
424 7.06E+00 9.21 7.06E+00 7.05E+00
425 7.10E+00 9.26 7.10E+00 7.09E+00
426 7.13E+00 9.30 7.13E+00 7.13E+00
427 7.17E+00 9.34 7.17E+00 7.17E+00
428 7.21E+00 9.39 7.21E+00 7.20E+00
429 7.24E+00 9.43 7.24E+00 7.24E+00
430 7.28E+00 9.48 7.28E+00 7.28E+00
431 7.32E+00 9.52 7.32E+00 7.32E+00
432 7.36E+00 9.56 7.36E+00 7.35E+00
433 7.40E+00 9.61 7.40E+00 7.39E+00
434 7.43E+00 9.65 7.43E+00 7.43E+00
435 7.47E+00 9.70 7.47E+00 7.47E+00
436 7.51E+00 9.74 7.51E+00 7.50E+00
437 7.55E+00 9.78 7.55E+00 7.54E+00
438 7.59E+00 9.83 7.59E+00 7.58E+00
439 7.62E+00 9.87 7.62E+00 7.62E+00
440 7.66E+00 9.92 7.66E+00 7.66E+00
441 7.70E+00 9.96 7.70E+00 7.70E+00
442 7.74E+00 10.01 7.74E+00 7.74E+00
443 7.78E+00 10.05 7.78E+00 7.77E+00
444 7.82E+00 10.10 7.82E+00 7.81E+00
445 7.86E+00 10.14 7.86E+00 7.85E+00
446 7.90E+00 10.19 7.90E+00 7.89E+00
447 7.93E+00 10.23 7.93E+00 7.93E+00
448 7.97E+00 10.28 7.97E+00 7.97E+00
449 8.01E+00 10.33 8.01E+00 8.01E+00
450 8.05E+00 10.37 8.05E+00 8.05E+00
451 8.09E+00 10.42 8.09E+00 8.09E+00
452 8.13E+00 10.46 8.13E+00 8.13E+00
453 8.17E+00 10.51 8.17E+00 8.17E+00
454 8.21E+00 10.55 8.21E+00 8.21E+00
455 8.25E+00 10.60 8.25E+00 8.25E+00
456 8.29E+00 10.65 8.29E+00 8.29E+00
457 8.33E+00 10.69 8.33E+00 8.33E+00
458 8.37E+00 10.74 8.37E+00 8.37E+00
459 8.41E+00 10.79 8.41E+00 8.41E+00
460 8.45E+00 10.83 8.45E+00 8.45E+00
461 8.49E+00 10.88 8.49E+00 8.49E+00
462 8.53E+00 10.93 8.53E+00 8.53E+00
463 8.57E+00 10.97 8.57E+00 8.57E+00
464 8.62E+00 11.02 8.62E+00 8.61E+00
465 8.66E+00 11.07 8.66E+00 8.65E+00
466 8.70E+00 11.12 8.70E+00 8.69E+00
467 8.74E+00 11.16 8.74E+00 8.73E+00
468 8.78E+00 11.21 8.78E+00 8.77E+00
469 8.82E+00 11.26 8.82E+00 8.82E+00
470 8.86E+00 11.31 8.86E+00 8.86E+00
471 8.90E+00 11.35 8.90E+00 8.90E+00
472 8.94E+00 11.40 8.94E+00 8.94E+00
473 8.99E+00 11.45 8.99E+00 8.98E+00
474 9.03E+00 11.50 9.03E+00 9.02E+00
475 9.07E+00 11.55 9.07E+00 9.07E+00
476 9.11E+00 11.60 9.11E+00 9.11E+00
477 9.15E+00 11.64 9.15E+00 9.15E+00
478 9.20E+00 11.69 9.20E+00 9.19E+00
479 9.24E+00 11.74 9.24E+00 9.23E+00
480 9.28E+00 11.79 9.28E+00 9.28E+00
481 9.32E+00 11.84 9.32E+00 9.32E+00
482 9.37E+00 11.89 9.37E+00 9.36E+00
483 9.41E+00 11.94 9.41E+00 9.40E+00
484 9.45E+00 11.99 9.45E+00 9.45E+00
485 9.49E+00 12.04 9.49E+00 9.49E+00
486 9.54E+00 12.08 9.54E+00 9.53E+00
487 9.58E+00 12.13 9.58E+00 9.57E+00
488 9.62E+00 12.18 9.62E+00 9.62E+00
489 9.67E+00 12.23 9.67E+00 9.66E+00
490 9.71E+00 12.28 9.71E+00 9.70E+00
491 9.75E+00 12.33 9.75E+00 9.75E+00
492 9.80E+00 12.38 9.80E+00 9.79E+00
493 9.84E+00 12.43 9.84E+00 9.83E+00
494 9.88E+00 12.48 9.88E+00 9.88E+00
495 9.93E+00 12.53 9.93E+00 9.92E+00
496 9.97E+00 12.58 9.97E+00 9.97E+00
497 1.00E+01 12.63 1.00E+01 1.00E+01
498 1.01E+01 12.68 1.01E+01 1.01E+01
499 1.01E+01 12.74 1.01E+01 1.01E+01
500 1.01E+01 12.79 1.01E+01 1.01E+01
12AX7 Grid - 5.0 12AX7
0 0 0
0.1 420 0.1
0.22 440 0.2
0.6 470 0.4
68 75 82 91
75 82 91 100
Series1
Poly. (Series1)
1.00
oly. (Series1)
50
x^2 + c2*x + c3
0.001121
user curve = c1*x^2 + c2*x + c3
ser curve for user voltage =
Intersection
Centred -0.06929