JOHN LOCKE
“Good and evil, reward and punishment, are the only motives
to a rational creature: these are the spur and reins whereby all
mankind are set on work, and guided.” (Locke)
Who is John Locke?
John Locke is a 17th
century English
philosopher, who was
born in the village of
Wrington, Somerset, on
August 29, 1632.
-John Locke was an Oxford scholar,
medical researcher and physician,
political operative, economist and
ideologue for a revolutionary movement,
as well as being one of the great
philosophers of the late 17th and 18th
century.
How did he influence Thomas
Jefferson in his writing of the
Declaration of Independence?
Jefferson drew heavily from the
ideas of English philosopher John
Locke to declare these “self-
evident” truths: rights of men,
granted to them by God; the
principle of limited government,
government only by the consent of
the governed; and the right to rebel
against tyrannical government.
What is the Declaration of
Independence? What are 3 parts
of the document? Why is it such
an important American
document?
What is the Declaration of
Independence?
The Declaration of
Independence stands out
as one the greatest
documents in the history
of this country. This
incredible document
which was sent to King
George lll justified why
the 13 colonies voted to
separate from England in
1776.
The actual motion
of Independence
from Great Britain
was brought
forward by
Virginia’s Richard
Henry Lee on June
7, 1776.
Richard Henry Lee
June 11, 1776
Committee of Five Appointed
Consideration of the Lee Resolution was postponed--
the "Committee of Five" was appointed to draft a
statement presenting to the world the colonies’ case
for independence.
Richard Henry Lee
June 11
July 1, 1776
Declaration of Independence Drafted
On June 11, Congress recessed for three weeks.
During this period the "Committee of Five" (John
Adams, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert
Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson) drafted the
Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson
drafted it, Adams and Franklin made changes to it.
Congress reconvened on July 1, 1776.
Richard Henry Lee
July 2, 1776
Lee Resolution Adopted & Consideration of
Declaration
On July 2, the Lee resolution was adopted by 12 of the
13 colonies (New York did not vote). Immediately
afterward, Congress began to consider the Declaration.
Congress made some alterations and deletions to it on
July 2, 3, and the morning of the 4th.
Richard Henry Lee
July 4, 1776
Declaration of Independence Adopted and
Printed
Late in the afternoon of July 4, the Declaration
was officially adopted, and the "Committee of
Five" took the manuscript copy of the document
to John Dunlap, official printer to the Congress.
Richard Henry Lee
By the time the Second
Continental Congress met in May,
1775, armed conflict had begun in
Lexington and Concord,
Massachusetts.
In June, the Continental Congress
created a committee of five to draft
a statement of independence.
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams,
Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman,
and Robert R. Livingston
comprised the committee charged
with drafting the Declaration, but
the task fell to Thomas Jefferson,
as he was considered the most
eloquent writer.
After Thomas Jefferson
drafted the document,
the committee and
Congress made a total of
eighty-six changes.
There are 3 parts of the
document.
(PART 1) The first part of the
document states the purpose of
government.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving
their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
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question
(PART 2) The middle part of the
document includes a long list of the
ways the British king oppressed the
colonists.
In the next couple
of slides there will
be some actual
harsh accusations
against the King of
England.
“He has obstructed the
Administration of Justice, by
“He refusing his Assent to Laws for sent
has erected a multitude of New Offices, and
“To prove this, let
establishing Judiciary powers.”
hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and
eat out their substance.”
Facts be submitted to a
candid world.”
“For protecting them, by a mock
Trial, from punishment for any
Murders which they should
commit on the Inhabitants of
these States:”
“For cutting
off our Trade
with all parts
of the world”
“He has kept among us,
in times of peace,
Standing Armies without
the Consent of our
legislatures.”
“He has dissolved
Representative Houses
repeatedly, for opposing with
manly firmness his invasions
on the rights of the people.”
“For imposing Taxes on us
without our Consent:”
“ For transporting us beyond
Seas to be tried for pretended
offenses”
“For taking away
our Charters,
abolishing our
most valuable
Laws, and
altering
fundamentally
the Forms of our
Governments:”
“For suspending
our own Legislatures,
and declaring
themselves invested
with power to
legislate for us in all
cases whatsoever.”
King George lll
“He has
plundered our
seas, ravaged our
Coasts, burnt our
towns, and
destroyed the lives
of our people.”
(Part 3) And finally the
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE concludes
by declaring the colonies free
and independent of British
rule.
“In the
Name, and by Authority of the good People of
these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That
these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be
Free and Independent States; that they
are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British
Crown”
Review
•There are 3 major parts to the Declaration of
Independence:
The first part is the purpose of government
which is to protect life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness. If a government
becomes to oppressive, the people had a right
to over throw it.
In the second part, it included a long list of
the ways the British king had oppressed the
colonists.
And finally Declaration of Independence
concluded that because of the king's
oppressive acts, the colonies had the right to
declare themselves free and independent
states.
•Some of us take these
liberties so much for
granted, but we
shouldn't. So, take a few
minutes while enjoying
your 4th of July Holiday
and silently thank these
patriots. It's not much to
ask for the price they
paid. Remember: Freedo
m is never free!
FYI
Britain’s Advantages
Best Army in the world
Best Navy
12 million vs 3million people
Richest Country
Continue to the next slide
HAVING SOME FUN WITH
THE DOCUMENT
As part of its promotion of the HP printer, the company is
provided results of its 1,000-person telephone survey about
the famous oversized document, the Declaration of
Independence. In the survey they tested Americans'
knowledge of the history surrounding the Fourth of July.
The results are revolting!
The most important finding
of the survey revealed
that only one-third of
respondents recognized that
the phrase, "We hold these
truths to be self-evident,
that all men are created
equal... " comes from the
Declaration of
Independence.
About two-thirds of
respondents
correctly
identified
Philadelphia as the
city where the
declaration was
signed.
– Other survey findings were as follows:
Almost two-thirds of respondents knew that the
Fourth of July celebration commemorates the
proclamation of American independence from
Great Britain and the adoption of the
Declaration of Independence.
Additional factoids
about the
declaration include
the following:
• The original
Declaration of
Independence
measured 29-3/4-
inches by 24-1/4
inches.
The original
declaration was
written on parchment.
The first
celebration of
Independence Day
actually took place on
July 8, 1776, four
days after the signing
of the Declaration of
Independence.
John Dunlap, the
official printer to the
Continental Congress
made the first printed
copies of the
Declaration of
Independence. There
are 24 of the original
"Dunlap broadsides,"
printed on the night of
July 4, 1776, still in
existence.
Fifty-six members of the
Continental Congress signed
the Declaration of
Independence, however, John
Hancock and Charles
Thompson were the only
delegates to sign the
declaration on July 4. The other
signatures were added on Aug.
2, 1776, with two delegates
declining to sign the
declaration at all.
We tend to forget that to sign the Declaration of
Independence was to commit an act of treason - and the
punishment for treason was death. Most of the signers
survived the war; several went on to illustrious careers.
Two of them became presidents of the United States, and
among the others were future vice presidents, senators, and
governors. But not all were so fortunate.
Let’s look at the facts- Nine of the 56
died during the Revolution, and never
tasted American independence.
Five were captured by the British Red Coats.
Eighteen signers had their homes - great estates
either looted or burned by the enemy. Some of these
signers lost everything they owned. That is
sacrifice!
Two others were the fathers of sons
that were either killed or captured during
the war.
What is the Declaration
of Independence?
Click here for the
answer
Who wrote the
Declaration of
Independence?
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According to the first secti
of Declaration of
Independence, what was
the purpose of
government ?
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answer
In the second part of the
Declaration of
Independence, what did
Thomas Jefferson address
to the King of England?
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In the concluding part of
the Declaration of
Independence, what did
the document announce to
the world?
Click here for the answer
What happened to signers of
the Declaration of
Independence during and
after the war?
Click here for the answer
The Declaration of
Independence stands out
as one the greatest
documents in the history
of this country. This
incredible document
which was sent to King
George lll justified why
the 13 colonies voted to
separate from England in
1776.
Go to next question
Thomas Jefferson
Go to the next
question
(PART 1) The first part of the
document states the purpose of
government.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness.--That to secure these rights,
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed.”
(PART 2) The middle part of the
document includes a long list of the
ways the British king oppressed the
colonists.
Click to
go to the
next
question
(Part 3) And finally the
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE concludes
by declaring the colonies free
and independent of British
rule.
“In the Name, and by Authority of the good People of
these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That
these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be
Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved
from all Allegiance to the British Crown”
Click to go to next question
Most of the signers survived the war, but 5 died during
the war; 5 were captured during the war; 18 had their
homes destroyed; and 2 were fathers of sons that either
died or were captured by the British.
Click to finish this tutorial
The End