Lecture 15
Biology 1108
Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II
Learning Objectives (p. 1 of 2)
• Contrast:
– Different kinds of fruit
• Define:
– Anthophyta
– Double fertilization
– Endosperm
– Coevolution
Learning Objectives (p. 2 of 2)
• Identify:
– Parts of a flower
• Recall:
– Medical compounds of table 30.2, their uses,
and their sources
Phylum Anthophyta
• From Greek “antho” = flower
• Includes all angiosperms
– Monocots
• Examples: grasses, orchids, lilies, corn, wheat, rice
– Eudicots
• Examples: oaks, maples, carrots, peas
Sterile Parts of a Flower
• Sepals: usually green,
look like leaves
– Protect flower bud
before it opens
• Petals: Usually
brightly colored
Additional Sterile Vocabulary
• Calyx = all the sepals together
• Corolla = all the petals together
• Perianth = calyx and corolla
Fertile Parts of a Flower
• Stamens: the male parts of
the flower
– Anthers: make pollen grains
• Carpel: the female parts of
the flower
– Stigma: tip of the carpel,
receives pollen
– Style: leads to the ovary
– Ovary: the base of the
carpel housing the
• Ovule: contains
developing egg & placenta
Fruit
• A mature ovary
– Seeds develop from ovules, after fertilization
• Sometimes colorful, sweet
– Attract dispersers
Simple Fruit
• One flower, one fruit
• Apples, avocados,
tomato
– Apple is a pome
– Avocado is a drupe
– Tomato is a berry
Aggregate Fruit
• One flower, multiple
fruits
• Raspberry, blackberry
• Strawberry an
example. Why?
– The “seeds” are
actually fruits, called
achenes
– “Strawberry” is a
swelling of the stem
Multiple Fruit
• Many flowers, one
fruit
– Clusters of fruits fuse
& grow into one
• Pineapple
Double Fertilization
• Characteristic of
angiosperms
• Two sperm cells released
by male gametophyte
– One fertilizes egg
– Other fuses with two nuclei
in the female gametophyte’s
large center cell
• Gives rise to endosperm
• Don’t memorize this
fugure
Coevolution
• Mutual influence on
survival and
reproduction
• Good example:
– Flying insects &
flowering plants (like
software & computers)
Angiosperm Agriculture
• Can you think of a
food that comes from
gymnosperms?
• Almost all produce
comes from
angiosperms!
– Corn, rice, wheat are
grasses
– Nearly all else is a
dicot
Medical Importance of Plants
• Be able to list
compounds, along
with sources &
examples of use
7 th Inning Stretch