Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
What is stem cell research?
• Understand more about development, aging,
disease
– Experimental model systems
• Prevent or treat diseases and injuries
– Cell-based therapies
– Pharmaceutical development
• Includes testing and drug delivery
Trachea transplantation:
Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
This cell
Can form the
Embryo and placenta
This cell
Can form the
embryo
Fully mature
Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells
Genetically engineering new stem cells
Skin cells iPS cells
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
Day 1
In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination.
They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus.
The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out.
Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg.
They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Day 1
Day 1
Day 2
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Embryonic
Stem
Cells
At what point is this a fetus?
• Days 7-14: Uterine implantation
• Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form
(no more pluripotent stem cells)
• Days 14-21: Beginning of future nervous system
• Days 21-24: Beginning of future face, neck,
mouth, and nose
• Weeks 3-8: Beginning of organ formation
This picture is Week 5
• Week 5-8+: Now it’s called a fetus
(no consensus on a single timepoint)
Embryonic Development:
Fish model
Keller et al. 2008
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
Symmetric cell division
Asymmetric cell division
1. Self-renews
2. Differentiates
Progenitor cell
Stem cell Stem cell
SELF – RENEWAL
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
Signals to Stem Cells
Matrix Molecules
Self-Renewal
Soluble Factors
Other Cells Differentiation
Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).
Embryonic stem cells in the dish:
How do we culture ES cells?
Culture methods
Yellow
Red
7.0 - Neutral
pH 6.8 – slightly acidic 8.4 – slightly basic
Fluorescent imaging of embryonic
stem cell colonies.
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
Spinal cord injury:
Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy
Geron video: http://www.geron.com/grnopc1clearance/
Stem cells for drug delivery
More focused delivery, fewer side affects
Day 0 Day 7 Day 14
NSCs
injected
(no tumor)
NSCs
injected
(tumor)
Shah et al. Dev Neurosci 2004
Outline of Presentation
• What is stem cell research?
• What are the different types of stem cells?
• Fertilization and embryonic development
• What makes stem cells unique?
• How do we culture stem cells?
• What are examples of future stem cell therapies?
• Conclusion and future directions
Why do researchers want to use embryonic
stem cells along with other technologies?
• Pluripotent
– Expanded developmental potential allows them
to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot
• Can proliferate indefinitely in culture
• Easier to obtain than adult stem cells
Science is discovering the unknown
• Stem cell field is still in its infancy
• Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old,
adult stem cell research has 30-year head start
• Holds hope for curing or improving treatments for
70+ diseases
How can you help to shape the direction of this field?
Take our survey please!
Students:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcell2010
Teacher:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/stemcellteach2010
If enough time!
• Continue on to talk about chemical
engineering.
Chemical engineering
• Cells can be grown in 2D or 3D
• Some chemical engineers find new surfaces to
grow cells on/in that promote proliferation or
differentiation
Interpenetrating Polymer Network
Acetyl-CGGNGEPRGDTYRAY-NH2
Bsp-RGD (15)
O O
O O
NH N aO S
H2N 2 3
N O N
3400
O O
O
O
O
O HO
1000 O O
N N
H H
Free radical
O O polymerization
N N
H H
Free radical
polymerization
Saha, K et al. J Biomed Mater Res A. (2007)
Harbers, G. M., et. al. Langmuir. (2005)
Bearinger, JP et al., J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. (1998)
Selecting for adhesion molecules
• Grow Bacteria having Bacterium Bacterium
adhesion molecules +
stem cells
Bacterium
• Wash away
non-adherent Stem Cell
bacteria
• Identify the
Bacterium
molecules that Bacterium
stuck
Stem cell Stem cell
O O
O O
NH N aO S
H2N 2 3
N O N
3400
O O
O
O
O
O HO
1000 O O
N N
H H
Free radical
O O polymerization
N N
H H
Free radical
polymerization