Initiation:
(on your own sheet of paper)
What do you know about DNA?
Have you ever seen DNA being
used on TV or in movies?
Why do you think it is important to
study DNA?
SWBAT: Describe the overall
structure of the DNA molecule.
Key Points
• Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA.
• Nucleotides are made of a Sugar, Phosphate,
and Nitrogenous Base.
• DNA is made of four types of nucleotides;
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
•Each nucleotide binds specifically with another
nucleotide. Adenine binds to Thymine and
Cytosine binds to Guanine.
•DNA has a double helix structure.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of
DNA.
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are made of a Sugar,
Phosphate, and Nitrogenous Base.
Phosphate Nitrogenous Base
Sugar
made of four specifically with another
DNA isnucleotide binds types of nucleotides;
Each
Adenine, Adenine binds to Thymine and
nucleotide. Thymine, Cytosine, and
Guanine.
Cytosine binds to Guanine.
Adenine Thymine
Thymine Adenine
Cytosine Guanine
Guanine Cytosine
DNA has a double helix structure.
TACCAAGTAGA
ATGAGGACTTC
TCTTTTCACGA Hemoglobin
CAGTGGCGGG
AGATACCATTC
CATCTACACCT
GCTTCAACCGC • Hemoglobin is a
CTCTACGTAAT special protein found
CCAGCAAACAT in our red blood cells.
C
•This protein allows
our RBC’s to carry
oxygen.
• Mutations in this
protein can lead to
Sickle Cell Anemia.
Build our own DNA!!!
Your table will be responsible for building part
of the hemoglobin DNA strand.
1. Identify your sequence of DNA.
1. Gather materials:
Toothpicks
Gum Drops
licorice ropes
3. Assign colors to specific nucleotides
Example: red = thymine
3. Build your DNA!
Termination:
Look at this single stranded segment of hemoglobin DNA…
TGAGGAC
What do each of the letters represent?
Write out the sequence of the complimentary strand.
Which part of the nucleotide is responsible for bonding with
another nucleotide?
When these two strands are put together, what does the
overall structure of the DNA molecule look like?
Initiation:
1. Nucleotides are the building blocks of
______________.
2. Nucleotides are made of a ________, ____________,
and ________________.
3. DNA is made of four types of nucleotides;
__________, ______________, ____________, and
____________.
4. Each nucleotide binds specifically with another
nucleotide. ____________ binds to _____________
and __________ binds to ____________.
5. DNA has a __________ _________ structure.
Berry Full of DNA!!!
1. Mash the strawberries
into a slush.
2. Add detergent solution.
3. Filter the strawberry extract.
4. Layer the cold ethanol over
filtered extract.
Termination:
The first 12 nucleotides for that code for the hemoglobin
protein are…
TACCAAGTAGAA
1. What is a nucleotide? Draw the basic structure and
label its parts.
2. What is the sequence of the complimentary DNA
strand?
1. T/F The structure of DNA is called a single helix
(If false, change one word to make it true)
Initiation…
A single strand of DNA can not be easily seen by
even the most powerful microscopes. If this is
true, how are were we able to see the strawberry
DNA so easily?
There are 3.3 billion nucleotide pairs in the human
genome. How are our cells able to fit that much
information into a single cell? It’s OK to guess!
SWBAT: Relate the DNA molecule to chromosome
structure.
Key Points:
•DNA needs to be packaged
properly in order to fit into the
nucleus of a cell.
•Chromosomes are structures that
contain both DNA and Protein.
Organisms have a lot of DNA..
The genome of this simple worm, contain
100,000,000 nucleotide pairs!
http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/goldstein/lab/crawl.mov
The genome of a human, contains
3,300,000,000 nucleotide pairs!
DNA needs to be packaged properly in order to
fit into the nucleus of a cell.
Helps fit a lot of information in
a very small space!!!
Chromosomes are structures that contain both DNA
and Protein.
The Human Genome
Termination
Explain how a cell is able to fit an entire genome
into a single cell.
What is the process DNA undergoes to fit a lot
of information in a very small space?
Objectives For Friday’s Quiz
• SWBAT: Describe the overall structure
of the DNA molecule.
• SWBAT: Relate the DNA molecule to
chromosome structure.
Initiation…
A human cell has 3.3 billion nucleotide
pairs. How are cells able to fit this large
amount of information in a small amount
of space?
SWBAT: Summarize the events of DNA
replication.
Key Points:
• During replication, the DNA separates into two
strands.
• Two new strands are produced, using the old
strand as a template for replication. (Semi-
conservative replication)
• The main enzyme involved in replication is
DNA polymerase.
STEP 1…Split the DNA in half.
STEP 1…Split the DNA in half.
STEP 1…Split the DNA in half.
STEP 2…DNA Polymerase makes new DNA strand
using the template strand.
DNA Polymerase
STEP 3…Two identical DNA strands are created.
Original DNA strands
STEP 3…Two identical DNA strands are created.
Newly assembled DNA strands
STEP 3…Two identical DNA strands are created.
Semi-conservative replication!
Termination…
Rate yourself on the back tell me why on the
front.