HORMONE TYPE SECRETOR EFFECTOR ACTION ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR DISEASES
1. Vascular SM
1.
contraction
Vasopressin Vasculature
2. H2O retention by
peptide post. pit 2. Kidney
kidney
1. SM contraction
Oxytocin
in uterus & breast
stim T3 & T4
TSH Thyroid TRH
production
stim cortisol &
ACTH Adrenal Ctx adrenal androgens CRH
(DHA)
1. Gamete
1. androgens
1. Gonads production
2. estrogen
FSH 2. granulosa 2. stimulates GnRH
3.
cells aromatase
progestertone
estradiol secretion
1. Sex hormone
secretion
2. induces
1. androgens
ovulation
2. estrogen
LH peptide ant. pit Gonads 3. induces GnRH
3.
luteinization
progestertone
4. lack of causes
degradation of the
corpus luteum
growth & milk
Prolactin Breast PRH PIH
ejection
stim growth Acromegaly: ↑ in adult: ↑
bone and soft tissue
1. Pituitary Giganticism: ↑ in
1.
All sorts of Somatomedin development: big proportional
GH Somatostatin
places (liver) adult
2. GHIH
2. GHRH Pituitary Dawfism: ↓ in
development: small but no
intellectual retardation
↑ glc taken up into Diabetes 1:
the cell β cells not produce insulin
Diabetes 2:
All sorts of insulin insensitivity
Insulin peptide β
places
uncontrolled both can
met acidosis coma
acetyl CoA accumulation
HORMONE TYPE SECRETOR EFFECTOR ACTION ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR DISEASES
the formation of keto-
acids
1. ↓ glc taken up
into the cell
Glucagon α
2. ↑
gluconeogenesis
1. inhibits all
pancreatic
secretions delay
Somatostatin δ absorption &
metabolism
2. inhibits GH
release
1. ↑ Na resorption Hyperaldoseronism: ↑
and H2O retention 1º: adenoma
Kidney: Renin-
2. ↓ K and H Atrial 2º: excessive renin
Aldosterone distal & Angiontensin
glomerulosa Naturietic production
(Mineralocorticoids) collectin system: ↑
Hormone ↑ BP
tubules Angiotensin
low [K] in blood
weakness
1. ↑ glycogen Cushing Syndrome: ↑
formation 1º: adenoma of adrenal ctx
2. ↓ muscle mass 2º: excessive ACTH
protein stimulation
mobilization moonface
3. Fat mobilization buffalo hump
4. ↓ lymphocytes & abnormal sex related
Cortisol All sorts of eosinophils functions
steroid faciculata ACTH Cortisol
(glucocorticoids) places 5. ↓ bone formation loss of skin elasticity
↑ bone resorption Addison’s: ↓
1º or 2º to lack of pituitary
stim
weakness
hypotension
weight loss
skin pigmentation
Accessory to the Adreno-Genital Syndrome: ↑
sex hormones congenital defect of specific
secreted by the adrenal ctx enzymes ↑ the
Dehydroepiandrosterone
reticularis gonads ACTH Cortisol production of androgens
(Adrenal Androgens)
masculine 2º sex
characteristics
Virilization: ↑
HORMONE TYPE SECRETOR EFFECTOR ACTION ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR DISEASES
enzymes to make cortisol are
absent so inhibition of the hyp
and ant pit does not occur –
devlopment of male 2º sex
characteristics
Addison’s: ↓
1º or 2º to lack of pituitary
stim
weakness
hypotension
weight loss
skin pigmentation
1. ↑ metabolic Hypothyroidism: coma?
activity Birth: cretinism – dwarfism
2. ↑ proteins for with low intelligence
growth & Adult: due to fibrotic
maturation destruction of the thyroid
3. ↑ respiratory T3/T4 TSH Goiter
enzymes 1º thyroid failure
4. ↑ Na/K ATPase ↓ ↑ yes
2º to hypothalamic or ant
pit failure
↓ ↓ no
Triiodotyrosine thyroid follicle All sorts of lack of dietary I-
peptide TRH TSH ↓ ↑ yes
Tetraiodotyrosine cells cells
Hyperthyroidism:
T3/T4 TSH Goiter
Graves: ↑ TSI
↑ ↓ yes
2º to excessive hyp or ant
pit secretion
↑ ↑ yes
hypersecreting thyroid
tumor
↑ ↓ no
↑ Ca absorption in Rickets:
the intestine in children – bone
malformation and low density
Vitamin D steroid intestine
Osteomalacia:
in adults – bone malformation
and low density
PTH polypetide chief cells 1. activates ↓ [Ca] in blood ↑ [Ca] in blood Carpel-Pedal Syndrome: ↓
HORMONE TYPE SECRETOR EFFECTOR ACTION ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR DISEASES
osteoclasts hypocalcemia
2. ↑ Ca absorption tetanic contractions in
in the kidney but hands and feet
not PO4 Spont. nerve excitation: ↓
3. promoted Vit D hypocalcemia
activation in the Osteolysis: ↑
kidney bone lesions because of
excessive solubilization
of CaPO4 crystals
1. inhibits
parafollicular
Calcitonin polypeptide osteolysis by ↓ ↑ [Ca] in blood
cells
CaPO4 solubility
LH/FSH see above see above see above see above see above see above see above
thecal cells of 1. granulosa 1. converted to
the follicle cells estrogen in
Androgen
2. target granulosa cells
tissues 2. masculinization
1. granulosa 3. target 1. inducesthe
cells tissues proliferative phase
2. corpus of endometrium
Estrogen luteum 2. lack causes
steroid necrosis of
endometrium
3. feminization
granulosa 1. induces the
cells of the secretory phase of
corpus endometrium
Progesterone
luteum 2. lack of causes
necrosis of the
endometrium