Conceptual Frameworks (drafts of Session 5, October 25)
Conceptual framework
Human well-being Trade policies/agreements
and other influences on
agriculture
Biodiversity and Agricultural activities and
ecosystem services change in stage of land
Cameroon
1. (specific trade policy/crop looking at) 2001 international cocoa agreement; specific
crop: cocoa; specific policy measure: promoting cocoa production and quality
2. (impact of policy measure on demand and supply) increased production and
improved quality 200,000 tons in 2010; 5-10 % chocolate production
3. (change in land use/winner and losers):
- extensification (new land used)
- intensification (more inputs e.g. pesticides)
- winners: cocoa producers
- losers: food crops producers
4. (change in biodiversity)
- biodiversity reduced
- ecosystem services: regulating: climate change
cultural: aesthetic changes of landscape
supporting: loss of forest
provisioning: loss of fuel wood, timber, NTFP (medicine,
food, etc.)
5. (human well-being affected, winners and losers)
- basic materials for good life
- health (pesticide contamination)
- winners: local population concerned with cocoa production
6. (information needed, sources)
- existing land use patterns
- statistics (production etc.)
- sources: MINAGRI, MINFOF, SODECAO
7. (introduction of conceptual framework back home): seminars, workshops
Jamaica
cf. powerpoint presentation
Capacity Building Workshop on Integrated Assessment of Trade-related Policies 1
and Biological Diversity in the Agricultural Sector, 25-27 October 2006, Geneva
Madagascar
Shrimp aquaculture
Trade agreements
- National governmental policy: quality norms of commercial policy; imposed
by trading partners
Winners: economic operators
Losers: small fishers
increased production of cultivated shrimps
Agricultural activities
- Changing of land use: extensification and intensification of aquaculture and
destruction of mangroves
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
- Regulating (coast protection): erosion of species
- Supporting diversity - loss of forest biodiversity, pollution of ecosystems
Human well-being and poverty alleviation
- education
- health (food security)
- rural development and environment and consumption
- loss of income
Mauritius
- sugar producers (30,000) - EU sugar reform 39% cut in price
- workers (~ 50,000) - Government policies: consolidate
- fishermen (~ 8,000) sustainability of sugar industry
- groups of farmers
- Multifunctional role of sugar cane - Diversification into new products
- Carbon credit – cleaner energy source - Reduction of cost of production
- Carbon sink (derocking, irrigation, mechanical
- Sugar cane maintain ecosystem operation)
- Retain quality of soil (e.g. prevent - Clustering of farmers (economies of
erosion) scale
Alternative use of sugar cane land
- IRS/Tourism/FDI
Information required:
- Dairy farming/FDI
- economic operators
- social indicators - Small entrepreneurs/agribusiness park
- environmental indicators
Capacity Building Workshop on Integrated Assessment of Trade-related Policies 2
and Biological Diversity in the Agricultural Sector, 25-27 October 2006, Geneva
Papua New Guinea
Tariff Reduction (export crops: oil palms)
reduction of cost of agricultural inputs (fertilizers, machines etc.)
increase in production of cash crops
increase in land use (both intensification and extensification)
- decrease in land for food crops (sweet potatoes, taro)
- sweet potato and taro production decline
- heavy reliance on imported food stuff (e.g. rice and flour)
destruction of eco-system services;
causing loss of biodiversity
winners: multi-national companies (e.g. Oil palm); large land owners (e.g. coffee), small
holder oil palm farmers, oil palm industry corporation, oil palm research institute
(OPRA)
losers: small subsistence farmers
Uganda
1. (specific trade policy/crop looking at) EU-ACP (Uganda) Economic Partnership
Agreement; crop: fruit, vegetables, flowers; policy measure: preferential market
access for horticultural products
2. (impact of policy measure on demand and supply) demand for horticultural products
will trigger an increase in supply and increased level of production
3. (change in land use/winner and losers):
- intensification of land use; intensification of yield enhancing measures and
technologies
- extensification more conversion of crop-land
- winners: farmers, service providers involved in the sector; increase in national
budget (GDP/GNP), increase in foreign exchange, increase in wages
- losers: other sectors – diversion of labor, school absenteeism, food security
4. (change in biodiversity) loss of pollinators; loss of resilience and resistance of
ecosystems
5. (human well-being affected, winners and losers)
- human well-being: food security, health (medicine plants), basic material (food
sources, construction problems)
- winners: those engaged in booming sectors
- losers: other sectors
6. (information needed, sources)
- information about prices, market, volumes; wages; acreage; direct and indirect
(use and non use values, cultural, aesthetic)
- sources of information: MAAIF, MTTI, NEMA, Research Institutions – NARO,
Universities
7. (introduction of conceptual framework back home) modify to reflect, Ugandan
situation on the ground
Capacity Building Workshop on Integrated Assessment of Trade-related Policies 3
and Biological Diversity in the Agricultural Sector, 25-27 October 2006, Geneva