HISTORY 4091
LECTURE OUTLINE
The Velvet Revolution and the Violent Revolution: Czechoslovakia and Romania in 1989
I. Czechoslovakia
A. Movement toward Reform, 1965-1968
1. The New Economic Model
2. Reform under Alexander Dubcek
3. The Prague Spring, 1968
B. Soviet Invasion and the Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968
C. A Period of “Normalization”
D. The Plastic People of the Universe and Underground Resistance
E. Vaclav Havel and Charter 77
F. The Velvet Revolution
1. The Candle Demonstration
2. Exodus of East Germans and the Fall of the Berlin Wall
3. Massive Protests in Prague, November 1989
4. Havel becomes President, December 1989
II. Romania
A. Communist Rule under Nicolae Ceacescu (1965-1989)
1. Failed Economic Policies
2. “Independent” Foreign Policy
3. The Ubiquity of the Securitate
B. Lazlo Tokes: The Spark that Started the Fire
C. The Violent Revolution
1. Protest Spreads to the Capital, Bucharest
2. The National Salvation Front
3. The Army Sides with the People
4. The Death of the Final Hard-line Communist Dictator in Eastern
Europe (December 25, 1989)