Get documents about "Kochi Region - Ministry of Urban Development
Document Sample
Urban Sector
Kerala
Trend of Urban Population - 1971-2001
Population in % of Growth rate of % of
Year Million Urban population persons
Total Urban pop. Total Urban BPL
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1971 21 3.4 16.24 26.29 - -
1981 25 4.7 18.74 19.24 37.89 -
1983 - - - - - 45.68
1991 29 7.6 26.39 14.32 60.17
1993-94 - - - - - 24.55
1999-00 - - - - - 20.27
2001 31 8.2 25.97 9.42 7.6 -
1
Kerala’s Cities – 1
Status of urban population in terms
of basic services: 1991
Households with - Existing situation in urban areas (%)
Kerala India
Pucca structures 69.10 72.75
Semi-pucca structures 14.90 17.69
Kutcha structures 16.00 09.56
Access to electricity 67.70 75.12
Access to safe drinking water 38.70 72.00
Access to toilets 72.70 64.00
2
Kerala’s Cities – 2
Citizen perception of Infrastructure priorities
Priorities Categories Water Drainage Sewerage SWD Road
Poor 1 2 3 4 5
Thiruvananthapuram
Non poor 4 1 2 3 5
Poor 1 2 3 4 5
Kollam
Non poor 3 1 3 2 4
Poor 1 2 3 4 5
Kochi
Non poor 1 2 3 4 5
Poor 4 1 2 3 5
Thrissur
Non poor 2 1 3 3 4
Poor 1 2 3 4 4
Kozhikode
Non poor 1 2 3 4 4
3
Kerala’s Cities - 3
Poor householder’s satisfaction levels
Public transport - 73%
Water - 60%
Sanitation - 55%
Road infrastructure - 54%
Solid waste management systems - 46%
Drainage facilities - 16%
based on baseline socio-economic primary data
collected through extensive sample household survey
4
Kerala’s Cities – 4
[Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode]
Water supply
Water high priority for all households across five cities
In Thrissur the poor rank water as second priority and the non-
poor rank water as fourth priority.
The poor categories of Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam also rank
water as first priority
In Thiruvananthapuram, about 59% of households have household water
connections. But in Kollam only 14%.
54% of the poor in five cities depend on a public water facility
Only 18% of the poor in five cities have their own water facility
compared to 61% of the non-poor category. 28% of the poor in five
cities depend on a neighborhood facility for water whereas only 15% of
the non-poor depend on such a facility.
5
Kerala’s Cities – 5
Sewerage and Sanitation
Sewerage and sanitation is ranked as the third most desired
service in all the five cities,
Proportion of households with
Own toilets – 79%
the poor in Thrissur and the non-poor in Thiruvananthapuram
ranked it as second in priority.
6
Kerala’s Cities – 6
Sewerage and Sanitation - 2
• Sewerage non-existent or not functioning
adequately.
• Status of sanitation and sewerage poor in all
cities.
Three of the five project cities Kollam, Thrissur and
Kozhikode don not have underground sewerage system
Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi are inadequately covered
(30-50%).
On-plot sanitation and septic tanks are not maintained.
7
Kerala’s Cities – 7
Drainage
No city having a designed, interconnected network of
drainage channels with clear disposal points.
Urban drains poorly maintained and often blocked by an
accumulation of silt and un-collected municipal solid waste,
causing water logging and flooding in congested city areas.
The problem exacerbated by un-controlled development and
encroachment in drainage channels and ineffective
maintenance of the drainage/ sanitation facilities.
8
Sewerage System for Thiruvananthapuram City - 1
Coverage of Sewerage Facility: 35%
Need of Sewerage System:
– No Sewerage Treatment Plant exists
– Sewerage Farm is outdated & below capacity
Originally built for 8 mld, Currently receives 50 mld
– Current sewerage network below capacity
– About 80-85% piped water consumed returns to the public
sewerage system as waste water, sullage and sewage
– Pollution of Water Bodies due to sewage inflow
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Sewerage System for Thiruvananthapuram City - 2
Immediate Needs
— Rehabilitation of the Existing Sewerage System in A & B Blocks
— Pollution Prevention in PP Canal- STP (Current 52 mld)
Long-term needs
— New Sewerage System in C,D and E Blocks
— Addition of 78 mld capacity to existing STP
— F & G blocks to be provided with conventional sewage system
and linked up with the Intercepting Sewers
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Upgrading the Sewerage System in the City – 3
Rehabilitation of Sewarage in A & B blocks.
I. Areas to be covered under the project
Pettah Kaithamukku Sreekandeswaram
Pattom Nanathancode Kuriathy
Mudavanmugal Arannur Thaliyil
Kaudiar Vellayambalam Vazhuthacadu
Thycadu Thampanoor Pazhavangadi
Puthenchantha Palayam
II. Modern Sewage Treatment Plant at Valiathura – 52 mld.
11
Restoration of Parvathy Puthanar Canal - 1
Objective: Development of Tourism
Corridor along the coastal strip of
Thiruvananthapuram on lines of San
Antonio
Environmental regeneration for better Veli- Akkulam Lake
quality of life, attracting investments in Parvathy Puthanar Canal
the region, employment generation and
socio-economic benefits
Project has the following components:
– Sewage Treatment Plant at Sewage farm
– Dredging/de-silting of canal along with
Bio-remediation
– Main sewers along the canal
Edayar-Kovalam Zone
– Low cost sanitation scheme in Edayar
zone L EGEND
12
Restoration of Parvathy Puthanar Canal - 2
Akkulam Lake
Cheruvikkal
Anayara
Chakka
Vallakkadavu
Project components
Punthura
• Capital dredging work of the canal Edyar Island
to – 1.75m below MSL and
temporary bank protection works Panthura
• Maintenance dredging
Kovalam 13
Restoration of Veli – Akkulam lake
14
Project features
Area of Lake to be Dredged and 76.4 Ha
deweeded
Quantity of soil to be dredged 11.28 Lakh cu.m.
Tourism projects can be started in the
vicinity will benefit substantially
Water will be cleaned by removing
contaminated water
12 MLD STP at Ulloor Sewage from Ulloor to be intercepted
13 MLD STP at Valiyathura Overflows of sewage from the city to be
treated
Improvement in hygienic Fishermen and residents in the vicinity
conditions to be benefited
Tourism enhancement Water sports, boating, Convention
Centre
15
Upgradation of Thampanoor bus station
Project features
New Thampanoor Bus Terminus
38 bus-bays
20 Idle parking bays
Parking facilities for
• Cars - 165
• Autorickshaws - 270
100 shops commercial building
Built up are - 9200 sq.m
Administrative office and staff
dormitories - 1500 sq.m
16
Layout Plan of Thampanoor Bus Terminal
17
New bus-station at Eanchakkal
34 bus-bays
21 Idle parking bays
Built-up area - 10,500 sq.m
Administrative office and
dormitories - 1296 sq.m
Yatri Niwas - 1188 sq.m
Parking facilities for
• Cars -
• Autorickshaws -
18
Layout Plan of Enchakkal Bus Terminal
19
Modernising the Fish market at Pangode
Project features
Project Built-up Area - 6000 Sqm.
Market Hall - Double Height
One Day Handling Capacity - 381 MT
Auction lots for wholesalers - 10
Retail shops within market premises - 24
Ice Crusher shops - 2
Cold Storage Room (25 Tones storage capacity) - 1
Parking and Delivery lots for fish trucks - 15
Parking for mini autos, 2-wheelers and 4 wheeler - 100
Dormitory for workers/ Conference/Meeting
Room/Office for the Corporation staff /
Food Court and Canteen
20
Proposed Fish Market at Pangode
21
Improving TS canal
22
Stretches of TS Canal - 1
23
Chilakoor Tunnel – 2 (present condition)
24
Thiruvananthapuram City Road
Improvement Project
The main highways entering the city were planned to cross at one
or more places in the central part of the city in the form of star.
In modern days, urban roads are planned in the form of tangents
or rings around the city.
– Such a system would have higher capacity, give better
safety and enhance environment.
On the basis of studies, field visits and observations, a system of a
ring road and radial roads (figure 1) has been designed.
The Inner Ring Road has to bear the brunt of traffic.
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Objectives
Dispersal of traffic from city centre
Improved links to NH bypass
Widening and strengthening of selected corridors and
major intersections.
– Minimum two lane standards
– Highly strengthened road surface
Uninterrupted movement along ring road and across MG road
by providing grade – separated crossings ie. underpass and
flyovers
Provision of bus bays – buses stopping away from road
continuous footpaths, signalised zebra crossings, better
lighting and other facilities.
26
Project Goals
Widening & Strengthening of 42 kms of City Roads in 13 corridors
including 64 synchronized signalled Junctions and 10 high mast lights
Widening & Strengthening three Links to NH Bypass
Road Width of Minimum Standard 2 Lanes, 4 Lanes and 6 Lanes
Improved riding conditions
Improved road drainage and street lighting
Uninterrupted traffic flow across MG Road through underpass at
Palayam and Flyover at Melepazhavangadi and Bakery junction
Bus bays abutting roadway - 84 nos.
Paved footpaths in all Road Corridors (2 meter wide)
Arboriculture and landscaping
Convenient and safer pedestrian crossing
Reorganisation of existing utilities to avoid road surface cutting for
utility extension / maintenance
27
Project Roads
1 Student centre – Vellayambalam – Kowdiar - Sasthamangalam
2 LMS - Attakulangara
3 Museum – Bakery Jn. - Thampanoor – Overbridge including
flyover and underpass to Asan Square
4 Asan Square – Pettah - Airport
5 Collectorate – Pattoor and Uppilamoodu – Sreekanteswaram
6 Nalumukku –Sreekanteswaram – Mele pazhavangadi –
Choorakkattu Palayam
7 Vanross - Oottukuzhy - Secretariat
8 Pattom – Marappalam - Kowdiar
9 Pattom –Medical College – Ulloor - Kochulloor
10 Kowdiar – Peroorkada - Vazhayila
Bypass Links
11 Attakulangara – Sreevaraham - NH Bypass (Puthen Street)
12 Thakaramparambu to NH Bypass (Arat Road)
13 Murinjapalam to NH Bypass (Poonthi Road)
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A vision for Thiruvananthapuram Development
1 – Need for a vision
– International examples have shown that a well-conceived
positioning platform (“Vision”/”Hook”) based on unique
strengths of a Region, can have beneficial impacts on the
overall economic development of that Region- Singapore being
the best illustration of this. The Medivision could be the
Economic Plank around which immediate to medium term
initiatives of the Government can revolve. This being a
relatively new concept and that too one which is riding on an
emerging economic trend, it would provide TCR the ideal
opportunity to exploits its compelling strengths to create a
niche in this area.
– There would be significant inter-linkages with existing facilities
and institutions in the region and if planning and development
efforts are focused around a core theme
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– Development in India by catalyzing investment flow
Themes-this would kick start the process of integrated
development of the region, as well as having a catalytic effect
on the development of other sectors.
– Other benefits would include,
– Providing a focus to the Government in the areas of Policy
planning & Implementation,
– Establishing TCR as a knowledge rich society, fully integrated
with the emerging new-age global economy,
– Provide a platform to elevate standard of living, by boosting
employment a venues and entrepreneurship and
– Establishing a model for Urban into the region.
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Emerging global paradigms
If economic activity were to be categorized into the broadly accepted areas
of Manufacturing, services and agriculture, the following would be the 8 most
important global trends:
– Large scale/mass manufacturing, is moving to low cost manufacturing locations,
while in the case of Hi-tech manufacturing, while low cost remains the driving
motive for cross border movement, it is a prerequisite for the location to have
superior technical manpower;
– Global boundaries in services are fast vanishing, whether it be through the off
shoring of services, or the increasing spend on leisure with the emergence of the
global traveller, or the globalization of services such a Healthcare and Education
coupled with increasing spend on such services; and,
– In agriculture, the trends include the increasing impact of WTO on global agri trade
and the growth of niche areas of agriculture such as organic and technology driven
farming.
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India’s position to benefit from these tends
As the Vision for TCR would necessarily have to factor in and synergize with India’s economic
vision and growth, as the next step in the process, India’s position to exploit and benefit from
these 8 emerging global paradigms was examined and the following conclusions arrived at:
• In the case of both low cost mass manufacturing and hi-tech manufacturing, India’s current
position and standing is low. However, while in the case of the former the future potential
for the country is ambivalent due to various reasons, including the lead which competition
such a China enjoys, in the latter case of hi-technology manufacturing, India has the
potential to exploit its superior, but low cost technical human resources to derive benefit
from this trend
• While India has established itself as a leading off shoring destination, it has yet to exploit its
potential in other services such as Tourism, Healthcare and Education. However, given the
competencies and competitive advantages enjoyed by the country, all these four service
sectors have the potential to become critical tools for India’s economic growth.
• With respect to agriculture and farming, India’s past performance has been steady at best,
but in the future, there is no gainsaying that the greater potential would lie in exploiting
niche areas of farming such as medicinal, organic, etc.
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Short-listing of options
The current state and potential for TCR on each of the 8 options was assessed
through an analysis of its strengths/ competencies & weaknesses and defining
characteristics such as geography, labor, etc. Further, a sample of stakeholders
was also interviewed and their inputs were factored into the analysis. Based on this
analysis and the conclusions drawn on India’s position to benefit from these trends,
a rating table was developed.
Using the following illustrative key for scoring, the results of this are summarised
in the table below:
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Identifying the core theme
In order to arrive at a core theme, the top 4 short-listed options were
evaluated on potential economic impact, multiplier effect on other sectors,
uniqueness of positioning, the existing brand equity for the region for that
option/ related areas and the existing and potential global opportunity. The
results are summarized in the schematics below:
34
Short-listed options
Healthcare and Tourism,
Off-shoring of services and Organic farming; and
Education and hi-tech manufacturing and traditional
industries.
35
Themes for growth
While Healthcare (Medivision) would be the one, core theme, which
would be the nucleus for the economic development of TCR, there would
be other sub-themes for growth, which would focus on and exploit the
traditional strengths and competencies of the region, thereby facilitating
integrated and broad based growth as illustrated below:
36
Vision 2033 for TCR
By 2033 TCR would develop as a preferred destination for health & rejuvenation
offering a variety of world-class preventive and restorative solutions for the body
and mind
The TCR medivision would be beyond mere projects but would extend to creating an
Identity for the Region through the development of a Healthcare Community. Various
clusters would be developed an illustration of which, is as below:
There is no single healthcare destination in the world renowned for offering integrated and
specialized solutions for variety of healthcare requirement of body and mind. While many cities
are aspiring to be healthcare destinations, the “positioning” is project-driven and limited to
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conventional propositions.
Our capability to handle project
I. Strengths
India’s expected high growth rate > 8%
Multiple opportunities of resource generation
– new financial engineering tools
– multiple sources
multilateral lending
NURM
non-recourse funding from IFC/bond markets
Increasing acceptability of development efforts
Growing expectation
38
II. Weaknesses
Decision making structures
– clarity /strengths
Ownership of projects
project preparation
– intensity
– detailing
– linkages
– land acquisition
Procurement
– contract structures
– contractor selection
prequalification requirements
bid evaluation processes
Project execution
– command structure
– ownership
– defence mechanisms
39
Kochi region
Item Kochi GCDA GIDA
corporation
2001 population (lakhs) 5.96 16.02 2.13
Area sq.km 94.88 631.68 100.28
Density of population 6287 2465 2130
persons/km2
Mattancherry/Fort Kochi population Density = 9700 persons/km2
GCDA = Kochi Corporation + 6municipalities + 32 panchayats
GIDA = 8 island panchayats
Ernakulam District
8% States’ population
12% States’ income
Secondary sector growth 16.6% (for Kerala = 2.8%)
40
Kochi
Community Municipal service priorities
Social Water Sewerage/ Urban Solid waste Roads &
category supply sanitation drainage management transport
Poor 1 2 3 4 5
Non-poor 1 2 3 4 5
41
Kochi
Water Supply – 1
Present Scenario
Demand Satisfaction
Satisfaction in Corporation area
77% in Ernakulam
59% in West Kochi
43% over entire service area
WS system coverage: 564 km2
Kochi Corporation
5 municipalities – 27 panchayats
[of which Kunnathunadu & Kizhakkambalam
outside GCDA]
Island population fully dependent on piped/ transported water
42
Water Supply – 2
Service area population = 13 lakhs (2001)
Water souce = Periyar (Aluva)
Plant capacity (Aluva) = 225 mld
distribution network
capacity = 398 mld
Demand for city, Aluva
Kalamassery munipalities
& 15 Panchayats in 2015 = 430 mld
Availability for the baove area
[on completion of Thripunithura–
Parur schemes] = 157 mld
43
Water Supply – 3
Gap in demand in 2015 = 430-157 = 273 mld
Required increase in
treatment plant capacity = 430-225 = 205 mld
“Hudco” scheme
treatment capacity = 100 mld
Additional required = 205-100 – 105 mld
Clear Water transmission
capacity = 167 mld
“Hudco” scheme enhancement = 108 mld
275 mld
Additional transmission capacity
requirement = 430-275 = 155 mld
44
Water Supply – 4
Ongoing schemes
Adhoc augmentation
[the Hudco scheme] = 108 mld
Chowara scheme = 20 mld [for Parur area]
Addition to Chowara plant capacity
New Chowara – Parur transmission line
Tripunithura augmentation = 20 mld
[to service Tripunithura Municipality Maratt,
Thiruvankulam, Chottanikkara, Udayamperur
panchayats]
[additional intake at Ramamangalam in Muvattupuzha river]
Filtration at existing Choondi plant
Total additional availability expected =148 mld
45
Water Supply – 5
Proposals
Ongoing Hudco, Chowara, Trippunithura schemes
to be completed early
Treatment plant capacity of 100 mld and
transmission mains of 100 mld to be additionally
(newly) created.
Distribution system to be overhauled and
expanded by 50 mld
46
Sewerage
Operational sewer pipes 10%
Coverage of city 5 %
Household connections – 800 [city has 142, 504
households).
Septic tanks, predominant sewage disposal mode
Low terrain / high water table
sewage disposal trough soak pits ineffective
Latrines connected to drains/ canals
Poor surface water quality A public health problem
A new city sewerage system to be designed and put in place
47
Drainage – 1
A fundamental problem
Poor gradients/ tidal effects blockade drains
Hence water logging
Low carrying capacity/ reverse backwater flow in TP
(Thevara-Perandur) canal – a major recipient of storm
water – due to absence of effective linkage between
canal ends.
Affected locations
North railway station
South station
KSRTC bus stand
Mullasserry canal
Mattancherry
Fort Kochi
Kalathilparambil road
Kalloor – Palarivattom – Mamangalam
Thammanam - Kadavanthra
48
Drainage – 2
Integrated drainage to restore original flow
conditions and tidal effects necessary
Proposals
TP canal intermediate link to be widened
Boundary canal and Manthra canal to be restored
Rehabilitation of following canals also necessary
Edappally canal
Karnakodam canal
Ponneth canal
49
The Vembanad system - 1
An ecosystem of coastal back waters, lagoons,
marshes, mangroves, reclaimed lands and canals,
natural and man-made
Estuarine environment
Low salinity levels with monsoon dominant brackish
water habitat after September
Fish biodiversity high
Kochi located at the northern end of the Vembanad
system
50
The Vembanad system – 2
Vembanad today
A sink for effluents of Kochi, and of other towns
High dissolved solid content (53,750 mg/l) in summer
Pollutants containing pathogenic micro-organisms
causing water-borne diseases
High faccal coliform contents (upto 1800/100 ml)
Proposals
Implement water supply, sewage & drainage schemes for
Kochi city.
Hydrological study of Kochi’s drainage basins to be
undertaken & works identified by the study to be
executed for restoring the hydrological balance.
51
Thank You
52
