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Changing of the Times New Challenges and Strategies for Texas Family Law Practitioners

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Changing of the Times New Challenges and Strategies for Texas Family Law Practitioners
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Recent Trends

Unique Aspects of Texas Family Law

Â

The family lawyer in Texas has always faced unique challenges. Â Â For

example, Texas is home to a large number of immigrants, some here

illegally, potentially implicating federal custody and visitation laws.Â

Texas is also home to several military bases, and military divorces often

involve issues like waiting periods, jurisdiction, and property division

that would not be relevant if both partners were civilians. Finally,

Texas is one large state – What are the visitation rights of

grandparents who live within our borders but are still eight hours

away? But even these traditional challenges to the Texas family lawyer

can seem small against the changing landscape of family practice. In

this chapter, I will detail some of these pressing challenges and suggest

appropriate strategies to respond to change and effectively represent

your clients.

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Collaborative Law and Technology Trends in Texas Family Law

Practices

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One of the most important trends in family law, particularly

concerning divorce settlements, is the growth of collaborative law.Â

Instead of two individuals who have decided to end their marriage going

to war with each, parties are increasingly sitting down with neutral

legal experts to reach agreement on child custody, property, and other

matters of separation. This shift emphasizes mutual respect and

amicability, rather than embattled attorneys strategizing ways to take

from their opponent. Several years ago, the Texas legislature passed a

measure that encouraged this method of legal resolution, Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. § 6.603 (2006), and the field has exploded ever since.Â

Collaborative law recognizes the relationship that exists and will

continue to exist in a marriage, particularly when there are children

involved. Where relationships between litigants are expected to

continue, collaborative law solutions flourish.

I believe that the trend toward collaborative law also speaks to a

more general call for legal reform. Â Lawmakers understand the public's

push for a more cooperative approach and have sought to codify it. The

popularity of this process is also a matter of simple economics – few

clients can manage the cost of lengthy divorce battles. Collaborative

divorces help clients control costs by maintaining civility. Family

attorneys should explore ways to build a profitable practice through

collaborative techniques or risk being left behind by this important

trend.

Technology is also having an impact on the family practice. New

forms of evidence, from personal emails to threatening text messages,

give the savvy family attorney ammunition for litigation and

negotiation. Texas lawmakers and courts are rushing to catch up with

the role that technology is playing in our personal relationships and, by

extension, our family law disputes.

With respect to technology trends in divorce cases, the key drivers

are simply the greater roles that communication gadgets, online record

keeping, and social networking are playing in our lives. We feel as if

we can be anonymous and act in a way that is not consistent with family

life, but the reality is that we are being watched more closely than ever

before.

The trend concerning technology and how laws will address what

information can be introduced in a divorce case is crucial, as courts try

to determine the point at which the right to privacy has been

compromised. We are only going to see more websites, emails, text

messages, and Facebook updates in courtrooms in the future, and their

proper place must be determined.

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New and Developing Legal Issues in Texas Family Law

Cases

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In addition to the macro trends of collaboration and technology, the

law itself has undergone significant changes. Every legislative session

brings about renewed debate concerning child support and visitation,

including the rights of extended family members such as grandparents and

adult siblings. Regulations concerning the rights of non-custodial

parents and the efforts that must be made to encourage frequent and

quality visitation time are in constant flux. Texas legislators and

courts are also looking at issues surrounding spousal maintenance, abuse

in teen dating situations, and hearsay evidence of very young children.

 The family law practitioner in Texas must stay abreast of these changes

in the law or risk disciplinary action and the loss of clients.

Â

One particularly contentious battlefield in family law legislation

involves domestic partnerships and the grant of marriage rights to non-

traditional families. Several years ago Texas became one of the last

states to grant marriage licenses to couples that include a postoperative

transsexual, but efforts are being made to rescind that right. Jim

Vertuno, Texas may Strip away Transgender Marriage

Rights, Austin American Statesman,

http://www.statesman.com/news/texas-politics/texas-may-strip-away-

transgender-marriage-rights-1432706.html. Last year, a Texas appeals

court determined that the state's ban on same-sex marriage meant that a

homosexual couple could not obtain a divorce in Texas, even though they

had been married in another state. In re Marriage of J.B. and

H.B., 326 S.W.3d 654 (Tex. App. 2010). The court applied the

"rational basis" test and determined that a primary reason for marriage

is procreation, a ruling that is certain to have ramifications in future

legal efforts involving homosexual couples. Id. At 674.

Texas lawyers have a difficult time reacting to these developments in

family law, as our representation depends on a constantly changing legal

landscape. Generally, family lawyers in Texas see a legislature

passionate about social policies and willing to exercise its influence

through property disbursement legislation, rules concerning who can be

married, and limitation of reproductive rights. Attorneys hope that

these changes will clarify existing statutes, as courts have issued

conflicting opinions regarding, among other things, marriage

documentation and funding for family planning clinics.

Recent Changes to Custody Legislation in Texas

Â

Texas family law has seen numerous changes, particularly in matters of

child custody and support. After significant legislation in 2008 and

2009, Texas now requires that divorcing parents be joint conservators,

and that this designation be made a part of a written parenting plan.Â

Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.133(c) (2008). There also were modifications

made to the standard visitation plan that consider scheduling issues such

as spring break and teacher in-service days. More weight is also given to

the parents in deciding if and when children are allowed to spend time

with grandparents. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.317 (2008).

Â

Technology also has impacted child custody in Texas. The state

legislature passed a statute four years ago encouraging parents to employ

web chats and similar online communication outlets to increase

interaction between a non-custodial parent and child. The new legislation

urges virtual face-to-face time when in-person visits prove difficult due

to distance or animosity between the former spouses. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.

§ 153.015 (2008). These changes in custody law will have far-reaching

consequences that family law attorneys must monitor.

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Key Texas Family Law Decisions of the Past Decade



Â

Two family law decisions of the past decade stand out as significant

in Texas. First, Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000), dealt

with the right of extended family members to have visitation rights.Â

Second, Lenz v. Lenz, 79 S.W.3d 10 (Tex. 2002), addressed the

happiness of the custodial parent in allowing for relocation that creates

significant distance from the other parent, and was settled in the Texas

Supreme Court. Each case exerts enormous influence on how Texas family

lawyers should instruct their clients.

In Troxel, the primary issue was the fundamental right of

parents to exert "care, custody, and control" with their own children.Â

The Supreme Court balanced this right with an appropriate encouragement

for relationships with other family members. Troxel, 530 U.S.

57 at 65. The Court determined that parents have the right, assuming

they are fit to care for their children, to make decisions concerning

visitation with other family members. Stated more directly, state courts

must give "special weight" to the opinions of parents who wish to deny

third-party visitation appeals. Troxel, 530 U.S. 57 at 70.Â

The family practitioner in Texas must consider this opinion when advising

parents, grandparents, and other family members who seek legal

counsel.

In Lenz, the Texas Supreme Court asked whether a joint

managing conservatorship could be modified to allow for the relocation of

one parent, and what factors should be included as part of the

decision. Lenz, 79 S.W.3d 10 at 11. The Texas Supreme Court

developed a "fluid balancing test" that considers factors like

educational opportunities, special needs, employment options, emotional

health of the custodial parent, and the ability of the non-custodial

parent to maintain a flexible work schedule and achieve visitation.Â

Lenz, 79 S.W.3d 10 at 15. Â Lenz marked an early

consideration by Texas courts of how the happiness of the custodial

parent impacts the happiness of the children involved. These

considerations will not escape the scrutiny of a quality family law

attorney.

Lawyers and clients should see from these cases that, once a mother or

father has been awarded primary custody of a child in a divorce case,

that person is going to have considerable leverage in determining the

nature of other relationships in that child's life. Courts take quite

seriously parental instincts and personal knowledge of effected

children.

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The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Family Law in Texas



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Recent tumult in the Texas economy has brought unforeseen and

unfortunate consequences. Domestic violence has increased and the

number of women needing protective orders against their boyfriends or

husbands has risen steadily. Â Texas Council on Family Violence,

available at http://www.tcfv.org/resources/abuse-in-texas/ (Last

visited May 2011). Women who live in abusive situations may feel unable

to come forward with abuse claims because they have no means of

supporting themselves if living alone. As a result, attorneys may see

instances of other family members coming forward to report the abuse, but

victims hesitating to corroborate the story. These attorneys must

balance respect for their confidentiality obligations to potential

clients with the need to report violence. Always consult current ethics

rules for direction in this delicate area.

Â

There is also an increase in the number of grandparents who are

seeking custody of their grandchildren. It is estimated that between two

and three million children are now being raised by their grandparents.Â

United States Census Bureau, available at

http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-31.pdf (last visited May

2011). While this happens for many reasons, a parent's inability to

support his or her own children financially is certainly a factor.

The number of my clients who tell me they want a divorce but simply

cannot live without the other spouse's income has recently increased.Â

On the other hand, I have seen more women who are seeking overdue child

support from men who have been out of the picture for years but whose

money is more urgently needed during these challenging economic times.Â

The economy has created both areas of struggle and opportunity for Texas

family lawyers.















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Key Issues and Strategies in Today's Family Law Cases



I advocate several important strategies in the eight key areas of

family law, as listed below:

1. Divorce

The family law attorney probably spends most of his or her time on

divorces. In many instances, clients look to alternative dispute

resolution (ADR) procedures to increase civility and decrease time-

consuming conflict. My practice has been most significantly impacted in

the area of military divorce, with men and women leaving the country for

extended and multiple deployments. This presents difficulties in moving

forward with proceedings.

I manage divorce cases by helping clients see the long-term picture

and look past the intense emotion of the moment. A hurt spouse's desire

to get back at his or her partner by fighting over every dime and every

piece of property may bring momentary satisfaction, but it will not lead

to peace and security in the years to come. It may also hurt my client

to drag on conflict that will incur significant legal fees without

significant gains. The wise family practitioner must clearly inform

clients about the potential costs and benefits of pursuing certain

disagreements, rather than taking advantage of that client's emotional

state for the sake of the bottom line. Heightened emotions may lead to

increased billable hours, but those same strong emotions usually do not

react well to a bill which includes unforeseen or unjustified legal

expenses.

2. Spousal support/alimony

In Texas, divorcing spouses who want to file and uncontested divorce

must first negotiate the need for spousal support (or maintenance) and

the amount to be paid. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 7.006 (2006). If going

to court, the judge will look at a variety of issues, and attorneys must

be prepared with information concerning the salaries of both partners,

any contributions as homemaker, potential job skills, and employment

history. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.052 (2006).

When I represent a woman who has been out of the workforce for years

in order to raise children, I advocate strongly for a level of support

that fully compensates her for the time and energy put into that

effort. As with divorce, however, I am clear that spousal support is

restorative in nature and not meant to serve as punitive damages for an

angry spouse.

3. Abuse/domestic violence

Fortunately, legislators and courts have over the last decade become

much more understanding of the reality of domestic violence. The

provisions now in place, which do not judge or blame the victim, have

made it easier (not easy, but easier) for women to come forward

and get the protection they desperately need.

Attorneys must delicately balance their roles as "advocates" and

"counselors" in this context, affording special care and sensitivity to

clients in abusive situations. I make sure to listen first and then

approach the possible solutions by sharing how they will make the client

and her family safer. I never force decisions on my client, but am

resolute in the fact that she should seek legal protection as soon as

possible.

4. Domestic partnership

The State of Texas does not recognize domestic partnerships, though

Travis County (which includes the state capital of Austin) does. The

Travis County Clerk's Office, available at

http://www.co.travis.tx.us/county_clerk/recording_schedule2.asp (Last

visited May 2011). This area of law is under great flux, from the

tenuous standing of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) at the federal

level to pressure within the state to expand rights to same-sex

couples.

With not much legal room to assist Texans wanting a domestic

partnership, I focus on other ways that same-sex couples can obtain some

analogous legal rights, using products such as wills and trusts to

address medical needs and manage employee health benefits.

5. Paternity

Under Texas law, a child does not have a legal father if the

parents are not married at the time of birth, even if the

biological father is known. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 160.201

(2008). An Acknowledgment of Paternity is crucial to securing legal

rights and obtaining child support, and family law attorneys must work to

facilitate the necessary tests and documentation and to advocate both for

a father's rights to visitation and the child's right to money,

insurance, and other benefits.

Where parties dispute paternity, they likely suffer through severe

contention. Consequently, the family practitioner should take great

care to calm the situation and explain the process to clients.

6. Child support

Unlike most other states, Texas requires that child support payments

be garnished from the non-custodial parent's paycheck, in order to ensure

the best chance for the child to receive the money. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.

§ 154.004 (2008). This issue may require ongoing legal representation,

as circumstances change and support levels will be modified to reflect

new income figures and responsibilities.

In these cases I collect evidence and create the best possible

portfolio, so to speak, for my client. I always ask for all possible

documentation concerning salary, medical expenses, daycare, education,

travel, etc., and help with the completion of the support worksheet in a

way that is fair to both parties and ensures that the children will be

well-supported.

7. Guardianship

Guardianship generally involves minor children, but can also be

granted due to mental incompetency or physical issues. Recent changes

to Texas law encourage relatives to take children out of the foster

system and assume legal guardianship, offering them the foster system

compensation and providing stability to the family. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.

§ 264.760 (Vernon Supp. 2010-2011).

Proper representation in this area depends on who requires a

guardian:Â where children are concerned, their well-being is my primary

concern; where adults are concerned, I ensure that the guardianship is

altruistic and determine the extent to which this guardian will retain

rights to make decisions.

8. Abortion

Texas extensively restricts abortions, and the current Texas

legislature is seeking to implement further restrictions. A bill

currently considered by the state legislature would require an ultrasound

prior to an abortion being performed. Ana Campoy, Texas Legislation

Adds Conditions on Abortion, Wall St. J., May 11, 2011,

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704681904576315350526209130

.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. Texas attorneys should expect further

measures from the state legislature that work to indirectly reduce the

number of abortions.

One instance in which a family law attorney may be needed regarding

abortion is concerning parental notification. Texas requires such

permission for all girls under the age of eighteen unless they can

receive a Judicial Bypass or claim legal emancipation. Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. § 33.002 (2008).

Client Strategies

The following section deals less with specific practice areas and more

with how I manage my law practice.

1. Initial Client Meetings

Screening potential clients involves every level of my law practice.Â

Before a potential clients walks into my office, I make sure he or she

has access to important information through my website. A robust

website allows me to communicate general knowledge to prospects rather

than only using a consultation to educate. I also elicit some information

from the client through standard questionnaires. These tools allow me

to streamline the initial consultation, saving both time and money. The

following are some key questions asked on my Family Law Client

Questionnaire:



What is your and spouses (or ex-spouses) full legal name, home

address and business address?

Do you have children? If so, what are their names, date of births

and social security numbers?

How long have you lived in Texas?

How long have you lived in your county of residence?

What is the date and place of your marriage?

Are you now separated from your spouse? If so, what is the date of

separation?

Have you seen a marriage counselor?

What do you believe contributed to the breakdown of your

marriage?

Will there be a dispute over the children?

Do you have any children from a previous marriage?

List your combined marital property

List each spouses Separate property

Have you or your spouse or ex-spouse ever:



Â

––Committed a felony?

––Been arrested?

––Been in jail or prison?

––Used Illegal drugs?

––Abused alcohol or prescription drugs?

––Been arrested for or convicted of DWI?

––Engaged in gambling activities (legal or illegal)?

––Engaged in other illegal activities?

––Attempted suicide?

––Been hospitalized for an emotional or psychiatric disorder?

––Suffered from or received treatment for an emotional

psychiatric

condition?

––Abused your spouse?

––Abused your child(ren)?

––Had a sexual relationship during the marriage with someone

other than your spouse

––Had a homosexual relationship?

––Engaged in unusual sexual practices?

––Had a venereal disease?

––Drink socially? If so, what do you drink and how often?

My Family Law Client Questionnaire makes for a more informed client

when we first meet in my office, which promotes efficiency for all of

us.

The most important thing I can do during the first client meeting is

to listen attentively and compassionately to my client. Clients often

come into my office filled with emotion and simply need to share their

story. Once I get an initial sense of their needs, I share my honest

assessment of the best course of action moving forward.

Clients may have concerns about their private lives being forever

documented in the public record. Other clients may have questions about

the speed of the process, as they are dealing with difficult issues that

they want to be resolved as quickly as possible. Still others may

express concern about the possible need for their children to testify in

divorce or domestic abuse proceedings. The family law practitioner

should try to predict which questions will come up in a consultation and

formulate clear answers and resource references. At every client

consultation, I provide the client with a free edition of "The Family Law

Client's Essential Handbook," which is published by the Family Law

Section of the State Bar of Texas. This handbook serves the client

particularly well because it summarizes the divorce process in plain

language terminology.

Attorneys should know exactly what information they plan to gather

during the initial client meeting. The attorney should develop intake

forms through local bar association resources, CLE forms, and experience.

I also develop a plan for efficient and frequent communication based on

the client's preferences. I also help the client set goals by determining

desired outcomes then work backwards to lay out specific steps of

action. This kind of structure helps the initial client meeting go

smoothly and create momentum for the representation.

2. Managing Complicated Family Law Cases

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Military divorce cases, as noted, often pose some of the most

complicated circumstances, both in terms of emotions and finances.These

cases are often initiated when one member of the partnership is stationed

halfway across the world and facing danger to his life on a daily

basis. This can make communication close to impossible. Accordingly,

mediation concerning children, property, and other details is much easier

on clients—and usually more cordial for everyone involved—than long-

distance emails.

In these situations, I must act not only as knowledgeable legal

representative, but also as a good listener. Often my client has been

running a home alone for months and should be directed to counseling and

financial planning services when appropriate.

I am committed to providing thorough and diligent representation to my

clients regardless of circumstance, but with complicated cases I often

have to make the options simple. I lay out what I believe is the best

possible approach to the issues moving forward, and explain to the client

my reasoning for this recommendation. When overwhelmed by so many

opinions from family and friends (who are also emotionally invested in

the case), I try to offer one clear and considered course of action. I

also ask my clients to prioritize the outcomes—i.e., what are the

important results they would like to see in their homes when this is

over? These steps help to improve our success moving forward.

3. Strategies for Handling an Emotionally-Charged Family Law

Case

When handling a hostile or emotionally-charged family law case, an

attorney must first acknowledge the existence of heightened emotions.Â

If you try to work with a client without treating him or her like an

individual dealing with a painful and life-changing event, you are never

going to win his or her confidence and support in your strategies as the

case progresses. Address these emotions directly, then advise your

client that you must provide answers that ease hostility over the long-

term in a just manner.

Â

Also, get everything in writing. Make sure someone takes diligent

notes during every client meeting, and follow up each meeting with an

email or letter to recap what you discussed and next steps. Engulfed in

heavy emotions, your client may not process the details of your meeting

or may even remember things incorrectly. This correspondence reinforces

your position and defends you against malpractice claims.  In the end,

responding with a calm voice and the reassurance of experience will often

make at least the client-attorney relationship a peaceful one.

I have achieved the most success in this practice area by first

listening well, then becoming a zealous advocate for the client once the

issues and the options in the case are clear. When a client fueled by

emotion, you must act as the voice of reason. You must not entertain

every desire based in anger or sadness. Rational thinking prevails when

the attorney consistently reinforces a solution which is in the best

interest of your client. Clear documentation also allows your client to

see the progress that has been made and reassures him that you are

working for his good.

Using these strategies, I have seen clients abandon demands for a

trial in favor of mediation, saving a great deal of time and resources.

The mediation gave my client an opportunity to express frustrations and

expectations with a neutral third party—and perhaps get the chance to

vent some feelings to their spouse or feuding family member. This ensures

that the client leaves the mediation process feeling that needs were met

and voices heard. This often leads to speedy settlement. Â People need to

know that others hear their issues and take them seriously. Mediation

also permits the parties to decide their own fate, and keeps the ultimate

decisions away from a judge or a jury.

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4. The Use of ADR in Family Law Cases

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As ADR has gained more recognition among lawmakers, attorneys

increasingly recommend this method of resolution to their clients.Â

Success rates for ADR in otherwise contentious cases has improved.Â

Today, an overwhelming number of all cases brought up for ADR find

resolution during the mediation itself or shortly thereafter. Contrast

this with court trials which rarely end after one day with the court.Â

Particularly in light of the difficult economic times many of our clients

are facing, the success of ADR partnered with the potentially thousands

of dollars saved make ADR the go-to option. Just a decade ago, many of

these cases would have ended up in emotionally and financially draining

trials. Also, ADR has its place in all areas of family law, not just

divorce practice. It can be used to negotiate the terms of visitation

for other family members, to lay out plans for an open adoption, or to

address many possible modifications that come up years after a divorce is

finalized.

Above all else, ADR offers benefits to the innocent children wrapped

up in these cases. With their parents not locked in a divisive legal

battle that tears at injured emotions, the kids overhear fewer arguments

and avoid becoming pawns or bargaining chips.

Parties succeed with ADR when they both feel as if they retain some

power and have their voices heard. The practitioner should not

encourage ADR in instances of domestic violence or when a protective

order is in place. These cases  involve abuses of imbalanced power,

conditions that must not prevail in an ADR setting If a criminal act

has occurred, the perpetrator needs to face his or her day in a criminal

court.

Family lawyers should look at the success of ADR and recognize that

most clients, regardless of the anger they first bring to the office,

really do want to resolve issues peacefully for the long-term health of

their family. Good mediators will acknowledge the heightened emotions

in these cases and work past those feelings to reach a rational

solution.

5. The Role of the Client in the Family Law

Strategy

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The client must help direct the strategy for a particular case.Â

While this person may not know the legal intricacies of the situation at

hand, he or she will have to live with the consequences of these legal

decisions in their home.

Â

For example, when assisting a client with a child custody case, you

need to understand his or her feelings about being a parent and

availability of financial resources, time, structure, and nurturing.Â

Ask your non-custodial parent client what role do he or she hopes to play

in the life of the child. Â When advising an adoption client, ensure that

the client has the counseling resources and the support system needed to

make this life-changing transition. If you are meeting with a woman

seeking a protective order against a boyfriend or husband, you need to

make sure that she is emotionally ready to share her story with a judge

and stand firm in her desire to enforce this legal document. In a

divorce case, determine whether the client is making rational requests or

acting out of the intense emotion that comes in the wake of a

separation. You really need to know your clients and encourage them to

be advocates for their own families' long-term happiness.

Â

Updating Your Family Law Strategies

Â

Family law attorneys must make sure that they operate with a broad

view of what constitutes a "family," because the definition has

changed. We must now consider homes led by grandparents, single-parent

families, same-sex couples seeking counsel for domestic partnership or

adoption, adoptive parents, and a variety of other ways in which a family

unit can be created.

Â

Also, in light of the growth in collaborative and ADR practices,

family lawyers should see their clients as members of the legal team,

instead of someone who needs to be told what to do. The law

increasingly encourages family members to actively participate in the

legal decisions that shape their family, so do not exclude them from the

process. Lawyers should look for new ways to reach individuals and

communities who could use their help but are unfamiliar with the legal

process. Just opening an office and hanging a shingle no longer

suffices. Family law attorneys should have a presence on the Internet,

look for opportunities for outreach at community centers, counseling

offices, and doctor's offices, and determine to what extent services can

be made available in languages other than English.

You should get to know the area in which you serve, and make a plan

according to the needs of the people who live there. For a Texas

attorney, it is a good idea to always have an eye and ear focused on what

is happening in Austin and Washington, DC in terms of changes to

legislation. You should also make sure clients are accessible by phone,

email, and the Internet.

Family lawyers should maintain a regularly updated blog that showcases

current news stories and legislation that will be of interest to

potential clients. Facebook and other social networking outlets are

also wonderful ways to reach out to young families. Attorneys also

should be aware of the online services offered by child support offices

and tax collection agencies so that clients feel that you are

knowledgeable with respect to every step of the process you are

recommending.

Looking to the Future

Â

I believe the next couple of years in family law will see more court

cases that will test the traditional definition of "family," whether the

case involves a gay or lesbian couple or the right of a sperm donor to

have an active role in the life of his child after learning of her

existence eighteen years later. I believe there also will be some

pushback to this evolution of the definition of "family" in the state

legislatures, with attempts to tighten restrictions on marriage and

adoption. I also think that mediation will continue to expand, which is

already causing many family law practices to redefine the mission of

their work.

I think that we will see efforts in the Texas state legislature to

reinforce the idea of the traditional family—a concept that is more

strongly pronounced here than in some other areas of the country. I

also believe that the specific efforts to promote collaborative law point

to the possibility for more successfully mediated disputes across the

board in Texas.

With respect to the trends I have mentioned, I do not see much of a

change concerning the role of government agencies. The child support

office will continue to track parents who owe money; child protective

services will investigative those parents or guardians who are harming

children; and Health and Human Services will provide assistance to

guardians who are newly assuming responsibility for children.

Â

Final Thoughts

Â

When you practice family law in Texas (or any kind of law for that

matter), you must be cognizant of the fact that you are dealing with a

diverse population, in terms of racial composition, ethnic background,

religion, and socioeconomic standing. All of these factors come into

play when discussing sensitive areas such as how children will be raised,

the gender roles within a marriage, and who is going to be the voice of

authority to represent a family. You need to take these important

differences into account when offering advice for the next steps in a

legal case. A lack of understanding when it comes to demographic

characteristics will result in serious problems in practicing Texas

family law.

More than any other area of law in which you can practice, family law

requires patience and sensitivity to the intense emotions that your

clients will be experiencing. Whether amidst the joy of a long-awaited

adoption or the fear felt by a woman who has been physically abused by

her husband for years, you need to be the voice of reason who will guide

your client to wise decisions that will serve her well long after the

turbulent moments have passed.




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